1938，Mao Zedong pointed out in the "Chinese Communist Party's position in the National War"，"Marxism must be combined with the specific characteristics of our country"。1982，Deng Xiaoping continues to emphasize at the opening speech of the 12th National Congress of the Party，"Combining the general truth of Marxism with the specific reality of our country，Take your own road "。July 1, 2021，General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China，Mao Zedong thought、Deng Xiaoping theory，Expand the "combination" of Marxism into the "combination of two combinations": "Persist in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the specific actual situation of China、Combined with Chinese excellent traditional culture。"This is a major era of times。

　　bet365 live casino games Grasp the basic principle of Marxism

Adhere to the "two combinations"，First of all, you need to accurately understand what is the basic principle of Marxism。It is not easy to do this。Engels, September 21, 1890, was worried about the letter to "To the John Bloch": "Unfortunately people often think，As long as the main principle is mastered，And it is not always mastered correctly，Then even if you have fully understood the new theory，and you can apply it immediately。In this regard，I can blame many of the latest 'Marxists'; this does cause amazing chaos ... "The basic principle of Marxism is reflected in Marx、In a series of works in Engels。So，We must carefully study the classic Marxist works，instead of going to general textbooks to copy photos。As Engels taught in this letter，"I please study this theory based on the original，instead of researching it according to the material of the second hand "。

Marx and Engels have begun life -long cooperation after meeting in Paris, France since 1844。After the death of Marx in 1883，Engels started to organize Marx's legacy，Until the death of 1895。That is to say，Marxism co -founded by Marx and Engels，After 50 years before and after about 50 years of time。In the middle of 50 years，Marxism develops with the development of world science and technology and philosophy and social sciences。So，Read Marxist classic，We should pay at least two points。One，Dynamic development vision，Tracking the changes in principles in the classic works of Marxism、Complete process，Deeply understand Marxism essence。Its two，Bet365 app download Problem -oriented，Marx、The relevant principles of Engels in different levels of different classics are discussed through the different levels.，Comprehensive understanding。

For example，Marx's "Introduction to Political Economics" Introduction "" Capital Theory "，Engels in "Anti -Dulin Theory"，In the works of "German Ideology" collaborated by Marn，The system explains their historical materialism，Proposed the famous "productive forces determine production relationship、Economic foundation determines the basic principles of upper -level buildings "。

but，until 1893，Engels in the letter of Zhifer Merlin，Amended instructions on this basic principle: "There is still one point to be ignored，This usually emphasizes not enough in Marx and my works，We both have the same fault in this regard。This means，We originally focused on exploring political concepts from the economic facts as the basis of the foundation、Legal concepts and other ideological concepts, and action restricted by these concepts，At the time, it should be done。But when we do this, we ignore the form for the content，That is, what methods and methods do these concepts are produced by。"Then，Engels has deeply elaborated on the continuity of the historical development of ideological and culture: "Historical thinkers ... in every scientific department，There are certain materials。These materials are independently formed from the thinking of various generations。and in the minds of people of these generations，After my own independent development path。”

Here，Engels emphasized the continuity of the inheritance of ideological and culture，Therefore, there is "your own independent development path"。1894，Engels also pointed out the reaction of the ideological and cultural foundation in the letter of "Tova Borgius"，"Politics、Law、Philosophy、Religious、Literature、Art, etc. The development of art is based on economic development。but，They all affect each other and affect the economic foundation。Not only the economic situation is the reason，is positive "。

These judgments from Engels，It is a positive guiding significance to understand the excellent traditional culture of China。Chinese civilization is one of the few original ecological ancient civilizations in the world that independently originated more than 5,000 years ago，and the only no interruption、Ancient civilization that has been developing to this day。So，Chinese excellent traditional culture breed by Chinese civilization，Naturally, there will be more "own independent development path" than any other ancient culture in the world，and it will bet365 Play online games also play a positive role in promoting the social development of various historical stages。As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The cultivation and development of the Chinese children in the generations have been unique、The profound Chinese culture，overcome difficulties for the Chinese nation、It provides a strong spiritual support "，"The revival of a nation requires a strong material force，You also need a strong spiritual force "。(October 15, 2014 "Speech at the Symposium on Literature and Art")

Adhere to the basic principle of Marxism with the combination of Chinese excellent traditional culture，It is to inject the scientific soul of the historical materialist view of the ancient Chinese traditional culture into the ancient Chinese traditional culture，Make it in the new era of modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics，Make creative conversion、Innovative development。​​This，"Double Innovation" Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture，It has the spiritual appearance of the new era; and this traditional culture with new appearance can also enter fresh blood for Marxism。So say，"Two combinations" can develop contemporary Marxism，Develop 21st Century Marxism。

　　Make full use of new and old information  In -depth study of Chinese civilization

From the "Six Classics" of the pre -Qin Dynasty to the "Siku Quanshu" in the Qing Dynasty，China has a wealth of classics in the history of Chinese civilization。But the more detailed history of these books is still about the Western Zhou Dynasty。Xia Shang's history of the era of the Five Emperor，Due to the long time of the times，Most of them express in the form of mythology and legends，It is often not favored by the world。After modern archeology in 1921, it unveiled the Neolithic Cultural Sites under Yangshao Village, who was sleeping in the middle of the Yellow River，The new information provided by the Archaeological Discovery of the University of the 100 years，The scientific proof of the history of civilization for more than 2,000 years of civilization has become possible。

The job we are going to do now is to make full use of the old information of the handed down literature and archaeological discovery new information，Comprehensively and in -depth and systematically study the true face of the history of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years，and through specific archeological "things"，Analyze the spiritual culture of the ancients，That is "seeing people see people"。As Engels's letter in 1890 "Zhikang Schmit" pointed out: "You must re -study all history，It is necessary to study the conditions of various social forms in detail，Then try to find the corresponding bet365 live casino games politics from these conditions、Private Law、Aesthetics、Philosophy、Religion and so on。"The following points，is the basic direction of studying Chinese civilization。

It one，Human history of millions of years in China、In the context of 10,000 years of cultural history, revealing the ancient cultural genes of Chinese civilization。Use archeological information，Analysis of the specific activity status of the ancestors of the ancestors of the Paleolithic Age before today。For example，How the ancestors at the time were collected，How to hunt in animals。Based on this，Research on how the ancestors of our country realized from food collectors to food producers、From the hunter of the animal to the animal supporter of animals，So as to complete the first leap characteristic characterized by "Agricultural Revolution" in the history of human development in British archaeologist in British archeologist at the history of human development。

Its two，Specific analysis of the Yellow River Basin has been represented by dry land in the Yellow River Basin in 10,000 years、The two major inland agricultural areas represented by the Yangtze River Basin，and from southwest Tibetan、Green、Gan，To the north Helan Mountain、Daqing Mountain，Until the northwest grassland nomadic area with the "half -moon -shaped cultural belt" as the "half -moon -shaped cultural belt"。Under the background of these three regions，Specific analysis of the time stage of Chinese civilization、What kind of regional area、What characteristics of the origin of the origin。Chek in cities、Bronze、Text is a material logo for the origin of civilization，It is said that this is the second leap characteristic characterized by "urban revolution" in the history of human development。Origin of Chinese civilization，In addition to these characteristic elements，Noble Jade Gifts、Exquisite pottery vessels, etc.，Is it also an important sign? This requires in -depth research。

Its three，Xia Shang Wednesday generation，Under the case of the so -called "all over the world"，Xia Shang's tribe on Wednesday, "Confucian Wanbang" and become "the Lord of the World"。Drives of the reason for them to move around，Dingdu Central Plains。In what way does the Western Zhou Dynasty realize "under the world、Mo Fei King's Earth "ideal blueprint。

Four，On the basis of the previous three items，Then analyze the generation process of the classics of the Chinese nation in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty of the Western Zhou Dynasty、Connotation features、Communication method。The spirit of the Chinese nation、National thinking、National culture is reflected in national bet365 Play online games classics。China's axis heart civilization is splendid and brilliant due to these national classics，and become classical civilization with Greece，Veda, India、Buddhist civilization，Arab prophet、The four ideological and cultural peaks of the world's "Bible" civilization are juxtaposed。

Its five，Chinese civilization after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period's social change、Vassal of the Great Battle、After cultural prosperity，Completed the unified pattern of multi -ethnic integration since the Qin and Han dynasties.，Open the new journey of the Chinese nation's destiny community。In the history of Chinese civilization for more than 5000 years，also experienced the "origin of civilization" for more than 1,000 years in the Five Emperor's era、Xia Shang's "Early Civilization" in 2000 on Wednesday for 2000、The three major development stages of the "mature civilization" after more than 2000 years after the Qin and Han dynasties。

above，It's just a clue，Specific analysis，Also needs to be archeological、History、Common efforts of multi -disciplinary experts such as philosophy。This is another basic work that combines the basic principles of Marxism with the excellent traditional Chinese culture。

　Innovation "two combinations" Develop Marxism

Marx、The materials used by Engels when studying the laws of human society in the 19th century mainly came from Europe，China's materials are rare。Archaeological Materials of Egyptian Ancient Civilization and Ancient Civilizations of the Lianghe River Basin、Archaeological Information of Ancient Chinese Civilization，Most of them are in Marx、Only after Engels was discovered scientifically。As for the modern and contemporary Western civilization theory，Not only the material is mainly Western，And its value judgment is often centered on Western culture。So，Adhere to the "two combinations"，It is necessary to "based on based on China、Strike abroad，Digging History、Grasp the contemporary，Care humans、Future -oriented thinking，Focus on building a philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics，Guiding Thought、Disciplinary System、academic system、The discourse system and other aspects fully reflect Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、China Qi Pai "。(May 17, 2016 "Speech at the Symposium at Philosophy and Social Sciences")

We are going to be in the context of the history of world civilization，Summarize the laws of Chinese civilization，Combination of "generalness" of the basic principles of Marxism with the "special nature" of Chinese civilization。This aspect，Marx has given us a profound guidance in 1877 "Letter to the Editorial Department of the Motherland" magazine: "Be sure to completely bet365 live casino games turn my historical overview of the origin of Western European capitalism into a historical philosophy theory for general development roads … He does this，Will give me too much honor，At the same time, I will also give me too much insult。"because，"Extremely similar things，But appear in different historical environments，It caused completely different results。"So，Historical research has no "one universal key"。Ancient Chinese civilization produces and develops in a specific geographical environment，Therefore, there must be many characteristics of your own。

Example 1，After the origin of Western civilization，Separation of the relationship between people and nature。Specific manifestations as the opposition of cities and villages，Bronze technology is used for production，Commodity trade exchanges in different regions，The invention of text is also serving the commodity trade，etc.。After the origin of Chinese civilization，The relationship between people and nature is still closely integrated。Therefore，Although the city appears，but unified with the countryside; the bronze has appeared，but not used for production，It is used for religion and politics; the handicraft industry has appeared，But because of "industrial and commercial food officers"，Therefore, there is no flow of handicrafts and the market exchange of goods; the emergence of early Chinese text，Not used in secular life，Instead of religious sacrifice and social governance，Whether it is prehistoric Taowen or Shang Zhou Oracle、Bronze Inscription，All have a sacred and lofty authority。

Example 2，After the origin of Western civilization，The blood management of the primitive clan society becomes geopolinal management，Original religious ritual、mythical epic is legal system、Replacement of logic philosophy。After the origin of Chinese civilization，Tribe Blood Management of the Primitive clan society continues，and developed into the management of the clan blood; the primitive religious ritual was also inherited and converted into the political etiquette system of the noble class;，Innovatively for the Warring States Sao、Poems of the two Han Dynasty、Wei and Jin landscape poems、Tang Poems、Song Ci and Northern and Southern Dynasties Novels、Legend of the Tang and Song Dynasties、Song and Yuan Dynasties、The strong image thinking tradition represented by the Ming and Qing novels, etc.，China is well -known all over the world because of the characteristics of "Poetry Culture"。

In short，Chinese civilization has its own development law，Chinese excellent traditional culture has its own connotation characteristics。And these are the historical basis of the socialist Bet365 app download road with Chinese characteristics today。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "China has more than 5,000 years of continuous development of civilization，Observing the history of China is an important angle to observe the contemporary China。Don’t understand Chinese history and culture "，"It is difficult to fully grasp the social status of contemporary China，It is difficult to comprehensively grasp the ambitions and dreams of contemporary Chinese people，It is difficult to fully grasp the development path selected by the Chinese people "。(August 23, 2015 "Congratulations to Xi Jinping's 22nd International History Science Conference"

Today，We insist on "two combinations"，Not a simple slogan，Instead, the dialectical relationship between the "world general" of the basic principles of Marxism and the "individual special" of ancient China and the ancient Chinese "individual special"，Therefore, clarify the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era、Theory、System、Culture's ethnicity、Contemporary originality and world model。This is the real rich Marxism，Develop Marxism，Then continuously promote the Sinicization of Marxism。

(The author is a special professor at the School of History and Culture of Shandong University、Vice President of the Chinese Society of Chinese Pioneers)