The concept of national bet365 promo codes emerged with the rise of nation-states。Western thinker Jean Boudin、Hugo Grotius、Thomas Hobbes and others have elaborated on this concept。On the basis of bet365 promo codes theory，Modern nation-states are more embodied in the form of absolutist royal power，And developed into a sovereign country in the modern sense。Therefore，In Political Science and International Relations Studies，The connotations of sovereign states and nation-states are basically the same。The modernization process first manifests itself as the process of building a modern nation-state，In this process，The concept of national bet365 promo codes becomes crucial。National bet365 promo codes is a country’s independent handling of internal and external affairs、The highest power to manage the country，Having indivisible characteristics。

　bet365 promo codes context of globalization and regionalizationNational bet365 promo codes

The concrete manifestation of the concept of national bet365 promo codes in political practice，It is the emergence of a large number of nation-states under the background of national liberation movements。Meanwhile，National bet365 promo codes also faces challenges from different directions，Concentrated on the two backgrounds of globalization and regionalization。

First，The challenge of globalization to national bet365 promo codes is concentrated in the three waves of globalization。

The first wave of globalization occurred from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century。bet365 promo codes period，Britain exports capital on a large scale，The United States also actively adopts a policy of foreign expansion。Germany has developed rapidly on the basis of the second industrial revolution，Actively seeking overseas colonies，Finally collided head-on with Britain。

The second wave of globalization appeared from the end of World War II to the 1970s and 1980s。During this period，The compound interdependence theory proposed by Joseph Nye and Robert Keohane also reflects the new challenges of globalization to national bet365 promo codes。At the same time，A large number of non-state actors emerged during this stage。On the one hand，International organizations have a deepening influence on sovereign states。On the other hand，Many active NGOs have emerged in many countries。

The third globalization occurred after the 1990s，Reflected by the accelerated innovation of financial derivatives and the further integration of the international economic landscape。The challenge of globalization to national bet365 promo codes during this period，On the one hand, global trade is the premise，Exhibited as internal vertical integration of multinational companies。On the other hand, it is manifested by the emergence of new interventionism。

Second，Regionalization also brings new challenges to national bet365 promo codes。

The emergence and development of the European Community and the European Union reflect the new trend of regionalization。Form regional supranational actors on the basis of nation-states，This itself is a challenge to national bet365 promo codes。For example，EU law in the EU governance framework，Legal laws that are higher than those of sovereign states in terms of governance authority and structure，Therefore, EU governance once showed strong characteristics of hard law governance。Of course，Brexit and other events show that，The further development trend of the EU remains to be seen。However，The practice of the European Union in recent decades has indeed clearly demonstrated the challenge of regional supranational actors to traditional national bet365 promo codes。

　　The deconstructive effect of the bet365 promo codes revolution on national sovereignty

Beyond globalization and regionalization，The third factor currently affecting national sovereignty is digitalization。Digitalization has long-term characteristics，Contains both the characteristics of the information revolution，Also contains the characteristics of the intelligent revolution。Therefore，bet365 promo codes transformation is a broad spectrum concept。Currently，The deconstructive effect of the bet365 promo codes revolution on national sovereignty is mainly reflected in the following aspects。

First，The erosion of national sovereignty by transnational bet365 promo codes platforms。This is reflected in the practice of small and medium-sized countries in the international community。Most small and medium-sized countries cannot resist Facebook、Google、Twitter、The influence of large multinational bet365 promo codes platforms such as Apple。There is only one option for these countries to integrate into the future smart society，Is to accept the hegemonic influence of these transnational bet365 promo codes platforms。Transnational bet365 promo codes platforms are entering the governance areas of most sovereign countries，At the same time, the vast majority of sovereign countries seem unable to effectively restrict it。For example，In 2021，The Australian Federal Parliament officially passed the "News Media and bet365 promo codes Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Act"，To limit the market share of Internet giants such as Facebook in Australia。To this，Facebook soon announced that it would remove all news about Australia，Australia can only announce improvements to the above bill a few days later。

Second，Domestic bet365 promo codes platforms control the country’s bet365 promo codes capabilities。Due to the fact that digitization requires a lot of computing resources and talents，The governments of most sovereign countries do not have the resources and capabilities in this regard，So they often develop bet365 promo codes facilities by purchasing from domestic or international companies。At the same time，Out of the need for international competition，Some countries tend to support local bet365 promo codes platforms in policy，Introduce a wealth of resources into these bet365 promo codes platforms，This makes these bet365 promo codes platforms far superior to countries in controlling bet365 promo codes capabilities。

　Third，The division of national sovereignty by private blockchain。Currently，On the basis of private bet365 promo codes currencies such as Bitcoin，Formed a private blockchain architecture。Although many countries have adopted regulatory policies on bet365 promo codes currencies such as Bitcoin，But we can still see the price of Bitcoin hitting new highs repeatedly in 2021，Once exceeded 60,000 US dollars。The development of this private blockchain is based on the concept of anarchism，The decentralized nature itself is a challenge to national sovereignty。At the same time，The increasingly active darknet and black market transactions based on the Bitcoin architecture，Making it easier for some transnational criminal activities to escape the influence of sovereign countries。Also，Some multinational bet365 promo codes platforms also interact and cooperate with private blockchains，May undermine the country’s economic sovereignty as a whole。For example，Issuing currency is the country’s most basic economic sovereignty，However, in some countries it may be controlled by multinational companies and the Bitcoin system。

　Fourth，The impact of self-media on bet365 promo codes public opinion capabilities。In the past, the state’s control over public opinion and ideology was often achieved through official media，But with the rise of self-media，Every individual may become the center of public opinion。The occurrence and development of some important public opinion events often exceed the country’s ability to influence public opinion，Exhibiting the characteristics of "emergence"。After the incident，The development routes of some public opinions show many new characteristics，Challenges the country’s ability to control and influence public opinion to a great extent。

　The construction of national bet365 promo codes sovereignty

Facing challenges，Many countries are not willing to bear the loss of sovereignty，But it will be through remobilization，Strive to establish new sovereignty in the bet365 promo codes realm，National bet365 promo codes Sovereignty。This kind of effort is mainly reflected in the following aspects。

First，The rise of national bet365 promo codes nativism。With the spread of influence of large-scale transnational bet365 promo codes platforms around the world，Some countries have begun to emphasize bet365 promo codes localism，That is, emphasizing the localization of data and servers，Value the asset attributes of data in the future。For example, the General Data Protection Regulation issued by Europe emphasizes that multinational platforms must localize storage of relevant facilities and data，Opposition to the global flow of these elements。

Second，Taking antitrust measures against large domestic data platforms。Digitalization requires some kind of agglomeration effect and scale effect，Only in this way can the efficiency of digitalization be greatly improved，But the scale effect inevitably brings about the tendency of monopoly，It may have the effect of unfair competition on small and medium-sized bet365 promo codes enterprises。Therefore，China、United States、European countries are in the process of promoting the development of bet365 promo codes economy，They all regard fair competition as their core content。

　Third，Strengthen supervision of private blockchains such as Bitcoin。Many countries have recently strengthened their supervision of Bitcoin。Out of consideration for goals such as monetary bet365 promo codes and carbon neutrality，Some countries adopt more stringent measures，Strict restrictions on local Bitcoin mining companies，This has forced Bitcoin-related companies to move to some island countries (such as Malta) with relatively loose regulations。

　Fourth，Strengthen supervision of the public opinion effects generated by self-media and others。Due to the increasing influence of social media on public opinion，Relevant regulatory authorities in some countries have begun to emphasize the management of the qualifications and codes of conduct of self-media practitioners，Thus strengthening the country’s bet365 promo codes sovereignty in the field of public opinion。

Overall view，The game about national bet365 promo codes sovereignty has just begun。On the one hand, it manifests itself in the erosion of national bet365 promo codes sovereignty by multinational corporations and capital，On the other hand, it shows that the country hopes to gain dominance in the bet365 promo codes field through the construction of bet365 promo codes sovereignty。Therefore，bet365 promo codes sovereignty will become a new content of national sovereignty。In the process of constructing national bet365 promo codes sovereignty，National bet365 promo codes capabilities are key。As a brand new field，Computing power in the bet365 promo codes field、Algorithms and data are the three most important elements。Almost all sovereign countries have shown a willingness to control bet365 promo codes power。However，bet365 promo codes capabilities are the basis for transforming willingness into actual governance efficiency。Therefore，How to build adequate and powerful national bet365 promo codes capabilities in the new bet365 promo codes revolution，Is the most important element to cope with the changes in national sovereignty in the bet365 promo codes era。

(The author is the Dean bet365 promo codes Institute of Political Science, East China University of Political Science and Law、Professor)