Recently，General Office of the CPC Central Committee、The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Work of Ancient Books in the New Era"，Make strategic arrangements for comprehensively and deeply promoting the cause of ancient books。Compilation and research of unearthed bamboo bet365 mobile，Is the important connotation of ancient book work in the new era，Deserves to be highly valued，Advance with full force。

　　Slip documents are the early form of Chinese bet365 mobile

bet365 mobile is the abbreviation of bet365 mobile。The lower limit of the generation of bet365 mobile in my country is roughly stuck at the beginning of the Republic of China，The format is mainly paper publications and manuscripts。However，The upper limit of time and early forms of the formation of bet365 mobile，It’s not clear yet。

Liu Guojun’s "Compendium of Chinese Calligraphy History" (Higher Education Press, 1958 edition) pointed out，The earliest official books in our country were made of bet365 mobile chips or wooden boards。The one made of bet365 mobile is called "Jian Ce"，Those made of wood are called "banshu"。Qian Cunxun took Liu Guojun’s “History of Chinese Calligraphy” course while studying at Jinling University (1927-1932)。He published it in English in 1962、The book "Books on bet365 mobile and Silk: Written Records of Ancient China" was later revised and republished in Chinese and Japanese，Slightly the same view as Liu Guojun。Li Ling further divided early books into three types: "books" as words (including inscriptions, etc.)、"Book" (document) as an archive、"Book" as a classic (ancient book)。The third type of "book" is closely related to the second type of "book"。The third type of book may be related to the "historian culture" in early documents，It is more closely related to various documents written by Historian Dian Shou。For example，The earliest ancient book from the Warring States Period，Such as "Poetry", "Book" and "Yi"，It is directly selected from the ancient Jifu、Yuefu，The source is documents and archives (Li Ling: "Ancient bet365 mobile Silk Books and Academic Origins"，Sanlian Bookstore 2004 edition)。

The bet365 mobile contain relatively complex titles。A roughly slender piece of bamboo wood is simply made，Relatively wide and thick bamboo boards are used as slippers。Because the materials are easy to obtain，Production、Easy to write，Can be woven into a book with rope，To carry long documents，Also by engraving、Dissection Talisman、Sealed with additional anti-counterfeiting、Confidentiality and other functions。Therefore，Before paper became available，Bamboo bet365 mobile are the main writing carrier。

"Shangshu Toshi" says "Only the ancestors of the Yin Dynasty have canons and books"。Because the word "book" looks like a simple book，Most scholars believe that bamboo bet365 mobile were used in the Shang Dynasty。"The Book of Songs·Chuche" praises the soldiers on the expedition "Don't you want to return home，Afraid of this simple book"；"Zuo Zhuan" Records of Cui Zhu's Rebellion in the Twenty-fifth Year of Duke Xiang，"The Nanshi clan died after hearing about the great history，Jian Jian’s past”，Can be regarded as the Western Zhou Dynasty、Reliable records of the use of bamboo bet365 mobile in the Spring and Autumn Period。The earliest objects discovered so far are Chu bamboo bet365 mobile from the middle and late Warring States Period，A large number of bamboo bet365 mobile from the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were unearthed。Western Han Dynasty paper has been discovered many times，Juyan、Dunhuang、What you see in Fangmatan and other places also have text or maps，Obviously used for writing。The story of Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty，Means a major improvement in papermaking technology (Pan Jixing: "History of Papermaking in China"，Shanghai People’s Publishing House 2009 Edition)。"Zhi Qi" in Volume 21 of "Ji Xue Ji" records "Huan Xuan's Pseudo Stories" and says: "There was no paper in ancient times so simple words were used，It’s not about respect。Those who use simplicity today，Replace all with yellow paper。”This shows，Before paper became the official writing carrier in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty，bet365 mobile are still widely used。

Slip documents can be roughly divided into two categories: documents and classics，corresponds to the second type of book mentioned by Li Ling、The third kind of book。In terms of the writing intention and the circulation situation at the time，The two are indeed quite different。The former is "ruling the world with documents" as stated in "Lunheng Bietong"，Often moved to a specific range or path，Limited time limit。The latter belongs to the "Li Yan" among the "Three Immortals" mentioned by Duke Xiang in the 24th year of "Zuo Zhuan"，Kong Yingda Shu said that "it is said to get the key points，Enough reason to pass on，He is gone，His words still exist”，Pursue communication across time and space。It’s worth noting，If the document is passed down to future generations，will lose its real-time、Practical colors，Convert into historical data and cultural resources，Thus transformed into a classic。Except for what Li Ling mentioned above，There are many more examples in this regard。"Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi", the criminal law category of the History Department, will "see the existence of considerable ones"，Compiled as Criminal Law Chapter"。Du You's "Tongdian" compiles historical records of previous dynasties and contemporary documents and archives，A pioneering work in the history of achievement regulations and systems。The Unearthed Warring States Period、Qinhan、bet365 mobile and documents from the Wei and Jin Dynasties，It is a rare document that records the history of China and the development and evolution of Chinese civilization，Of course it should be the same as the ideological and cultural classics，Included into the scope of today’s ancient books。

　Slip bet365 mobile have unique value

The Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties were at a major node in the evolution of our country’s history。The Shang and Zhou dynasties relied on the Jifu system to "harmonize all nations"，After the Spring and Autumn War、Warring States merger，Towards the unified empire of Qin and Han that implemented the system of prefectures and counties。The situation of studying in the government has been broken，Private schools are booming，The rise of writings。The rules and regulations and scripture culture created at that time serve as a link between the past and the future、Far-reaching influence。bet365 mobile are the original records and direct remains of this historical process，Has unparalleled special value in handed down documents。

Classics handed down from ancient times are susceptible to human damage during their circulation。Niu Hong from the Sui Dynasty "Please open the list of ways to donate books" will Qin Huo、Wang Mang’s Rebellion、End of Han Dynasty、Yongjia South Crossing、Zhou Shi entered Ying and called it the "Five Disasters" in ancient books。Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty added in "Shaoshishanfang Bicong·Jingshuitong": "But the book has been written since the Six Dynasties，There are five disasters again: one great cause，Tianbao Erye，Guangming Sanye，Jingkang Siye，Shaoding Wuye，It will be a disaster if you go through it。"Beyond the war，People’s preferences and selections also cause serious decline in books。The ancients intended、The bet365 mobile accidentally buried in the ground，Stored for a long time under appropriate conditions，Opportunity to recover many lost documents。More than ten Confucian writings in Guodian Chu bet365 mobile，Written during the transition period from Confucius to Mencius，Most of them have not been handed down from generation to generation (Pang Pu: "Between Confucius and Mencius—The Status of Guodian Chu Bamboo bet365 mobile in the History of Thought"，"Chinese Social Sciences" 1998 Issue 5)。Yinqueshan Han Bamboo bet365 mobile "Sun Bin's Art of War"，Dead before the Tang Dynasty。"Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" states that ""Han Code" has long been dead"，And in Zhangjiashan Han bet365 mobile、Kong Jiapo Han Bamboo bet365 mobile and Hujia Caochang Han Bamboo bet365 mobile，All have systematic laws and regulations。Yuelu Qin bet365 mobile "Shu"、Zhangjiashan Han Bamboo bet365 mobile "Sushu Shu" and Suihudi Han bet365 mobile "Sushu Shu"，Both are earlier than the handed down "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic"。The combination of "Calendar" and "Ri Zhi" on Hujiaochang Han bet365 mobile，Constitutes a hundred-year calendar starting from the first year of the Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Hanwen (163 BC)，Before the "Taichu Calendar" formulated during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty。Since the bet365 mobile are still being unearthed，We can look forward to it，Warring States、Qinhan、Types and contents of documents that existed during the Wei and Jin Dynasties，Most of them may see the light of day after a thousand or two thousand years of hiding，In order to offset the loss of these documents in the process of being passed down from generation to generation，Reproduce the glory of the ancient books。

When documents are circulated in the world，Excluding consumption，Distortion problems may also occur，Sometimes corrections can be made with the help of bet365 mobile。In "The Book of Rites·Tan ​​Gong Xia", Zi Lian said: "If people are happy, they will be stagnant，Taos Yong，Yong Siyu，Jews Dance，武思愠，栠思奇，Qi Si Tan，Tansipi，Pisi is so excited。"Among them, "Wusi Ming" has different versions，It’s hard to explain (Sun Xidan: "The Book of Rites"，Zhonghua Book Company 1989 edition)。Guodian Jian "Xing Zi Ming Chu" No. 34、No. 35 wrote: "Xistao，Tao Sifen，Fen Si Yong，Yong Siyu，Jews Dance。Dance，The end of joy。Sorrowful，worry，Qi Si Tan，tansifu，Fu Siyun。踊，The end of anger。”Comparison between the two，It can be seen that there are many omissions in the handed down version of "Book of Rites"，In particular, the ultimate expression of "joy", "dance", is directly connected with the initial form of sadness, "shu"，Resulting in serious logical confusion。

Earlier，Because the quantity unearthed is insufficient，And mostly fragmented，The significance of bamboo bet365 mobile in academic research is generally only to prove history、Supplementary history，In support、Supplementary status。Now due to the accumulation of information，Especially Qin bamboo bet365 mobile like Sleeping Tiger Land、Liye Qin bet365 mobile、Zhangjiashan Han bet365 mobile、Sleeping Tiger Land Han bet365 mobile、There are so many Han bamboo bet365 mobile in Hujiaochangchang、Unearthed bulk materials that are relatively well preserved，Collaboration through proper organization and mutual review，Slip documents are already in the border defense system、Documentary system、Law system、Research fields such as auspicious selection and funeral customs have become the main historical data basis，In some discussions, it is even the only source of information。

　　The arrangement of bet365 mobile and bet365 mobile has its own rules

Compared with ordinary paper ancient books，The organization of bamboo bet365 mobile and documents has its own characteristics or rules。This is mainly reflected in the following aspects。

First，Acquisition of slip images、Publication is extremely important。When sorting out classics handed down from ancient times, the published copies are usually used as the starting point。The basic task of document organization is to obtain the clearest images possible and publish them。This is because the bamboo bet365 mobile are a special type of manuscript，Except whether the explanation is accurate at the literal level，Format、Leave blank、Specific expressions such as logos are also difficult to express in words。The writing on the bet365 mobile may not be clear，Using both conventional photos and infrared imaging has almost become the current standard configuration。In recent years, it has been discovered that scratches on the back may be related to braiding，Even if there is no writing on the back，Also often take pictures、Published。

Second，More links in text organization、More difficult。Compilation of ancient classics，Mainly editing、Punctuation and comments。The bamboo bet365 mobile and documents were written by ancient people，Most of the braided ropes in the volume are in ruins，Some bet365 mobile are badly broken，Need to pass text recognition first、Conjoined slip fragments、Reconstruction of the order of individual bet365 mobile in the volume，Restore the text to its original appearance，Then you can enter a similar process of organizing ancient paper books。

Third，The work process is tortuous and complicated。Although the classics handed down from ancient times have been continuously compiled and studied for thousands of years，There are still some problems of one kind or another。The bamboo bet365 mobile and documents were unearthed not long ago，Text、The text is often full of doubts，It is even more impossible to achieve the goal of text restoration through one or two sorting。Required after initial sorting，After many revisions，In order to gradually achieve perfection，Dazhi Rare Book。

　Fourth，Time requirements are more pressing。After the bet365 mobile were unearthed，Easily deformed、Dirty，It is a natural "endangered ancient book"，Need to be processed in time。The unearthed bet365 mobile have not been properly organized，New information is constantly emerging，The overall work pressure in the industry continues to increase。

In view of this，Slip slip workers need to be mentally prepared and responsible，consciousness、Proactively invest in organizing and rearranging。Publication of results，You can only receive pictures and simple explanations，Do not consider explanatory punctuation and comments as necessary factors。When the organizing task is particularly heavy，Publishing only catalogs is also an option。Research institutions such as universities and other institutions cooperate with slip collection departments to promote compilation，Should continue to be encouraged、Support。Survey of bamboo bet365 mobile resources、Statistics，Coordinated research on large quantities of bamboo bet365 mobile，And digitization of bamboo bet365 mobile and documents，Broad coverage，It depends on the cultural relics authorities to pay more attention、Push。Under the guidance of the "Opinions on Promoting the Work of Ancient Books in the New Era"，Relevant parties work together and communicate and collaborate，I believe that the bet365 mobile unearthed one after another can be sorted out and published in time，Protect these precious documents、Basic work for utilization。

(The author is a senior professor of humanities and social sciences at Wuhan University、Director of the bet365 mobile and Silk Research Center、Member of the Expert Committee of "Ancient Writings and Chinese Civilization Inheritance and Development Project")