ChatGPT released by Openai at the end of 2022，The wave of use caused by the world，clearly reflects the possibility of a general artificial intelligence breakthrough。Examine the productive significance of the universal model represented by ChatGPT，Then analyze the "creative destruction" effect and risk that ChatGPT may cause，It has a positive practical significance for us to actively respond to the overall risk brought by the general model。

　　Bet365 lotto review General Model and its productivity significance

ChatGPT is an improved version of the transformer model developed by Openai。So far，Openai has released 4 versions of GPT (generating pre -training converters)，GPT-1、GPT-2、GPT-3 and ChatGPT。Where，ChatGPT can be regarded as version 3.5 of the GPT series。Since the prefix of "Chat" is added before GPT，Since the prefix of "Chat" is added before GPT。

But，ChatGPT caused heated discussion in the world，Actually it reflects its possibility of a popular artificial intelligence breakthrough。This big model is above the traditional deep neural network algorithm，New model formed by increasing the number of training parameters。The reason why it is called a big model，Because the number of parameters trained has reached 100 billion levels。

The basic logic reflected by the general model is "strong miracle"，That is, due to the increase in parameters，On the basis of the big model，The algorithm that was not humble before will appear some amazing intelligent emergence，This is the productivity meaning of the big model。Under the influence of the 2016 "AlphaGo defeated Li Shishi" incident，In recent years, artificial bet365 live casino games intelligence has achieved a huge development，but still focusing on special artificial intelligence，Its essence is still weak artificial intelligence。and the performance of ChatGPT，Not only good at chatting，And has huge potential in terms of generating text and writing code。In other words，ChatGPT makes people believe，Universal artificial intelligence that was still out of reach before，It may occur at a certain time in the future.，This means that the door of the fourth industrial revolution is the door of the Intelligent Revolution has been opened。

A key question about ChatGPT's hot discussion is: Why does this innovation not appear in Google，Instead, it appears in OpenAI that many people are not familiar with? actually，Openai's success is the result of multiple factors。On the one hand，OpenAI's technical breakthroughs originated from a long -termism of scientific and technological innovation。On the other hand，From the perspective of the product，This innovation is indeed more likely to appear in the "non -reigning enterprise"。This is because "the company" is often afraid of disruptive innovative products，At the same time, the public is also more blame for its brand products。other，Chatgpt when talking to people，I will emphasize that I am still a chat robot，The point of view is not necessarily accurate，This humble attitude makes users have greater tolerance for the various strange errors it appears。

Another key question is，Why didn't this innovation appear in China? This itself reflects the consciousness of China's scientific and technological innovation awareness，It reflects that Chinese society has a strong desire for primitive innovation。But，Behind the problem is more about the expectation of Chinese companies to think about basic original innovation on the basis of "long Bet365 lotto review -termism"，It also implies a suggestion to give the country a greater development space for the country's supporting system in terms of related systems。

　　"Creative Destruction" of ChatGPTEffects and risks

Joseph Xiong Peter thinks，Every huge innovation will have a huge impact on the old technology and production system，"Creative Destruction"。Facing the potential possessed by ChatGPT，We need to think about it in the future once the general artificial intelligence forms a breakthrough，It may have a huge creative destruction effect on the entire society，This may generate multiple risks。

First，Technical risk。Technology is used to promote social development，can also be used to avoid risks，However, technology itself is the new risk source。Many technologies may have some defects or incompleteness，Chatgpt also exists such incompleteness。GPT is developed on the basis of the Transformer model，and the development of Transformer and the convolutional neural network (CNN) with deep neural networks、Circular Neural Network (RNN)、Formulating Fighting Model (GAN) and other progress is closely linked。The foundation of these progress is that all of the artificial deep neural networks，Its irreplaceable nature is naturally existing。In other words，The model trained on the basis of massive parameters, although it can help solve the problem，But people do not know the basic logic of its operation。Therefore，Such general models will have problems with insufficient robustness。Another，GPT's amazing conversation effect，Actually based on a large amount of data formed by humans for a long time，Some data will inevitably form some kind of error。Speech，The existing data sources of these models are mixed with many prejudices that have long -term existence of bet365 Play online games human society，So the model trained from this will undoubtedly cause the effect of "prejudice"，There is the possibility of various dangers that cause various dangers。

2，Social risk。From the perspective of the current prediction effect，Wide application of universal models is indeed a copywriting、Basic communication、Accounting Statistics、Legal aid and other primary simple labor formation alternative effects。Although the new technical conditions will create new employment opportunities，But how to determine that new employment opportunities can be more than the eliminated employment opportunities? at the same time，The impact of the general model on the education system has begun to cause warning。Some schools have announced the prohibition of students from using ChatGPT，Avoid interference education quality。Another point of view，Advanced production tools that need students to learn as soon as possible。visible，ChatGPT's emergence on future education methods and educational evaluations all have made huge challenges。

third，Economic risk。GM model may exacerbate oligopoly monopoly。General Model Training is extremely consumed，This makes small enterprises unable to participate in this process，and large platform companies may increase the production of monopoly models to form a huge productivity effect。Another，Market monopoly may also have a significant impact on the entire world division of labor system。At present, the strategic suppression of the United States has explained that I hope to lock such advanced productivity，That is, through the "Small Courtyard High Wall" strategy, advance advanced productivity in the allies system of the United States and Western clubs，Avoid spreading to developing countries。Bet365 lotto review This will seriously exacerbate international economic conflicts。

fourth，Political Risk。The United States shows obvious advantages in the development of general models，and the big model is likely to be used in various fields of political competition。For example，Through the intelligent water army, the public opinion of the other country is wanting to interfere with，Even promoting public opinion wars that subvert other countries。In the so -called democratization wave，The United States and Western countries have used technical means such as Twitter to interfere with other domestic politics。It is foreseeable is，GM models are likely to be used in political activities such as public opinion interference and regime subversion，The United States and Western countries have relying on the means of strengthening the political war with high technology，It will have a huge subversive effect on world politics。

　Basic principles to deal with relevant risks

Actively cope with the overall risk brought by the general model，Need to adhere to the following principles。

First，Open Innovation。Termination of innovation due to fear of risks，It is undoubtedly the issue of actively abandoning the leadership of the Intelligent Revolution。Current，The world has stood at the door of the Fourth Industrial Revolution，China and the United States may become the leader of the fourth industrial revolution，Opportunities and challenges coexist。This requires us to adopt an open and innovative attitude，Keep walking at the forefront of world innovation，Obtain and maintain innovation's pre -status and advantages through some original innovation。

2，Breakthrough in joint force。This requires my country to further play the advantages of the new national system。To achieve the promotion of such a general model，Computing power is an Bet365 lotto review important technological productivity condition，It is necessary to form a large -scale public computing power pool on the basis of government coordination。Another，Data should form a joint force。For example，The current Chinese data is scattered in the apps of different enterprises，It is necessary to realize the sharing of large enterprise data through the innovative method of public coordination mechanism，Then improve the quality of the data，Provide the basics for the in -depth development of the big model。

third，Risk sharing。In the background of the development of a general model，Need the government to play a greater institutional guarantee function。If it is through unemployment protection and re -employment training，Effective conversion alternative effect，Create a new job，or perfecting social security to solve the problems of unemployment。Under the background of the risk sharing，Prevent the huge risk of creative destruction in a controllable range。At the same time，As the risk point is gradually solved，Vigorously strengthen the new productive forces generated by creative effects，Continuously realize wealth increase，Optimize the overall risk system。

fourth，Careful supervision。The government needs to supervise the large model provider，Real -time evaluation "Strong Supervision" and the effect of technological innovation，Carefully adjust the supervision method，Always guarantee that we are in a relatively leading position in the Intelligent Revolution。If the early stage of new technology，You can use some kind of "weak supervision" or "sandbox supervision" method，Actively encourages the social benefits brought first to the emergence of technology，Then by agile governance，Control the negative effect that may be generated in a certain environment Bet365 app download and space。Through this technical pilot method，Effectively ensuring space and opportunity for technological innovation and growth，The comprehensive effect of orderly strengthening supervision。Only continuously improve the prudent supervision environment，It is possible to promote original innovation more in China。

(The author is the Dean of the Institute of Political Science, East China University of Political Science and Law、Professor)