The Xiaomojiao Mountain Platform in Liangzhu Bet365 lotto review City Ruins Park Image source: CFP

June 2，General Secretary Xi Jinping attended the symposium on cultural inheritance and development and delivered an important speech。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，Chinese Bet365 lotto review has outstanding continuity，It fundamentally determines that the Chinese nation must follow its own path。If you don’t understand China from its long historical continuity，It is impossible to understand ancient China，It is impossible to understand modern China，It is even more impossible to understand China in the future。Why Chinese Bet365 lotto review can last for more than five thousand years，And formed a unified super-large Bet365 lotto review，Why Europe is still divided but the unification of China is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people？Maybe it is due to geographical environment，China and Europe are both in the temperate zone，At both ends of the Eurasian continent，There are no insurmountable obstacles within each party，Therefore，It is difficult to explain from a geographical perspective，Must be understood from a historical perspective。The process of Bet365 lotto review in prehistoric China has a very significant feature，That is fusion，And this has become a long-term characteristic that dominates the development of Chinese Bet365 lotto review。How the fusion characteristics of Chinese Bet365 lotto review were formed？Why is such a characteristic formed？Archaeological discoveries and research in the past two decades have profoundly changed our understanding of the Bet365 lotto review process of prehistoric China，Archaeology has become the core of exploring the origin of Chinese Bet365 lotto review。Of course，Understanding the fusion characteristics of Chinese Bet365 lotto review must be examined within a broader historical context，Connecting Chinese history and culture，It is possible to understand the fusion characteristics of Chinese Bet365 lotto review，This requires multi-disciplinary cooperation，In particular, the participation of humanities and social sciences is needed。

Diversity and Bet365 lotto review trend

Fei Xiaotong、Su Bingqi has proposed that the formation of Chinese Bet365 lotto review is "pluralistic and unified" from the perspective of their respective disciplines，The former is for the integration of nationalities in China’s historical period，The latter is aimed at the archaeological culture of prehistoric China，Different paths to the same destination。This also shows that "diversity and unity" are actually the long-term trend of the development of Chinese Bet365 lotto review，It is a continuous development process。The integration trend of pluralism and unity has profoundly affected the development of Chinese Bet365 lotto review，Archaeological research extends this trend to the Neolithic Age，And use concrete physical remains to reflect this feature。Continuous integration has produced a super large Bet365 lotto review，And it goes on and on，This is very rare in the history of human Bet365 lotto review。Archaeological research in the last twenty or thirty years，A major breakthrough is the realization that "diversity" did exist in the Bet365 lotto review process of prehistoric China。The beginning of the Neolithic Age opened the prelude to the development of cultural differentiation，On this basis, several centers for the development of Bet365 lotto review were formed。Recent，Han Jianye, a professor at the School of History at Renmin University of China, proposed that Chinese Bet365 lotto review is “one yuan with many branches”，This view is established in the cultural and traditional sense，Pluralism and unity explain more about the specific process of Bet365 lotto review。The two views emphasize different contents，No parallelism。

China in a cultural sense，Originated ten thousand years ago，To documented history，After thousands of years of development。Archaeology is the main way to reveal this unknown history，Currently archaeological discoveries and research have been able to clearly outline the historical context of the origin of Chinese Bet365 lotto review。The Bet365 lotto review process of prehistoric China can be divided into three distinct stages: differentiation、fusion、Unification (or diffusion)。What needs to be emphasized is，Differentiation and fusion proceed simultaneously，It’s just that the main trends are different in different periods。The overall process is to differentiate first and then merge，The turning point was 6,000 years ago，Differentiation begins to give way to fusion。Such development is the product of the maturity of the original agricultural cultural ecosystem，With the expansion of agricultural production，Population increase，Agriculture spreads to surrounding areas。Agricultural development also means that people have the ability to provide more production surplus，Strengthened professional division of labor，Intensified class differentiation within society。Social inequality、Specialized production in the handicraft industry did not suddenly appear at the origin of Bet365 lotto review，The origin can be traced back to at least the stage of agriculture，At the origin of Bet365 lotto review, its development began to accelerate。

Around 6,000 years ago，There is an obvious trend of integration in the process of Bet365 lotto review，Characterized by the unification of religious ritual utensils，China in the cultural sense begins to take shape，At this time, it may be possible to adopt the concept of "divine China" mentioned by Zhao Tingyang, a researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，That is, people may already have a psychological understanding of cultural community。From 6,000 years ago to more than 4,000 years ago，Integration and differentiation at the same time，Different regions have developed different forms of Bet365 lotto review，The process is more like the rising and falling waves。From Songze、Red Mountain、Xipo and other ancient countries to the ancient Liangzhu country about 5,000 years ago，The development of the ancient country has reached an unprecedented scale、Complexity，Already very close to a country in the historical sense，Maybe Liangzhu is already a kingdom。In the wave of waves of Bet365 lotto review，Civilizations from different regions communicate and interact，The Central Plains region with its more superior geographical location、Better agricultural foundation，Extensively absorb surrounding cultures in the process of integration，Provided a solid foundation for the subsequent move toward pluralistic unity。

More than 4,000 years ago，The process of Bet365 lotto review has entered a new stage，The Bronze Age Begins，The organizational efficiency of social power has been significantly improved，Represented by Erlitou culture，Obvious characteristics of Bet365 lotto review diffusion，Deng Cong, Distinguished Professor of the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Shandong University, noticed that its Yazhang even spread to Vietnam，And the shape is still consistent with the Central Plains。From the formation of agricultural society to the formation of regional Bet365 lotto review，From multiple regional civilizations to a unified Bet365 lotto review，On the one hand, the development of the three stages reflects the gradual maturity of the evolution of complex social organizations in prehistoric China，On the other hand, it reflects the integration of different regional civilizations。The process of Bet365 lotto review is a staged development process，From an archaeological perspective，Bet365 lotto review has originated around 6,000 years ago，The symbol is the formation of the ancient country。What needs to be further pointed out here is，The nature and form of the origin of the state are two different questions，It is also a complex social organization like the state，Their external physical manifestations may be completely different。If a simple and unique standard is adopted (the so-called "three elements of Bet365 lotto review" based on West Asia as the standard: city、Words and Bronze)，It will greatly limit the research on the origin of Bet365 lotto review，It is not conducive to our understanding of the Bet365 lotto review process of prehistoric China。

Chinese Bet365 lotto review remains strong

There are three major systems in the history of human Bet365 lotto review: China、Western Asia and Central and South America，corresponds to the three major agricultural origin centers。American Bet365 lotto review appeared late，The integrated Inca Bet365 lotto review，covering a range of more than 5,000 kilometers from north to south，But the average distance from east to west is only 300 kilometers，Located on a plateau with inconvenient transportation，High maintenance costs。The Bet365 lotto review that can truly be compared with the Chinese Bet365 lotto review is the Bet365 lotto review on the west side of Eurasia，Based on agriculture originating in West Asia，Two rivers were formed respectively、Ancient Egypt、Indian River、The four civilizations of ancient Greece。Although there have been figures like Alexander the Great in history，Trying to unify the four，Ancient Rome once formed a huge empire centered on the Mediterranean，Ottoman Türkiye also formed a political power spanning Europe, Asia and Africa，But none of them can unify the four civilizations on the west side of Eurasia。Later it was even torn apart，It has been divided into different Bet365 lotto review systems。Due to the unique natural geographical conditions and effective social integration strategy，Chinese Bet365 lotto review started the integration process of pluralism and unity in the prehistoric stage，And carried forward in various historical periods，Develop integration characteristics into an important feature of Chinese Bet365 lotto review。The results it creates，It is a super large Bet365 lotto review，This is of great significance to the development of contemporary China。As a very large single market，With the further rise of China，The scale effect becomes increasingly obvious。Conversely speaking，Ultra-large scale allows Chinese Bet365 lotto review to stand firm in the face of the violent impact of the turbulent world，Play the role of the mainstay。

Fusion is not a simple addition，It is also competition and choice。Chen Xingcan, a researcher at the Institute of Archeology, Bet365 lotto review Academy of Social Sciences, noted，The Central Plains region in prehistoric times was more collective-oriented，Eru Haidai、Liaoxi、Liangzhu and other places are more individual-oriented，The tombs of their noble leaders often contain rich grave goods，The Central Plains attaches great importance to regulation，Much less burial objects，There is a particular lack of valuable burial objects。After fusion，The collective-oriented Central Plains gained a dominant position。In this sense，The process of integration is the process of centralization。However，The Central Plains has also widely absorbed the culture of surrounding areas，Like images of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River、Jade culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and western Liaoning、Ritual utensils and craftsmanship in Shandong。The fusion culture of Central Plains not only comes from surrounding areas，Also from the far west side of Eurasia。You may need to answer why the Central Plains can be integrated，But other regions cannot？In addition to location advantages，What’s more important is the changes in social structure，To win in the competition among the civilizations at that time，There must be innovation，The Central Plains region has a stronger need to introduce new culture，The Central Plains region took the lead in completing the reform of the social power structure，Incorporating more military power on the basis of traditional theocratic power。Another thing to note is，Integration can also be about building a complementary relationship，This relationship is especially expressed between the north and the south。The north is the birthplace of a culture that emphasizes etiquette and order，And the South is the home of a spiritually transcendent culture，The complementarity of Confucianism and Taoism in Bet365 lotto review thought and culture，The original basis is the two different cultural traditions of the north and the south。

Achieving the Bet365 lotto review of civilizations at all levels

Needless to say，Regardless of national integration in historical periods，It is still a cultural fusion in the prehistoric stage，Brutal violence and war are important parts of it，And with the evolution of technology，The scale and cruelty continue to expand。It is against this background，Look at the Bet365 lotto review process of prehistoric China，It can be found that it retains unique moral factors，Represented by jade culture，Develop into a moral spirit of "fearing virtue but not fearing power"。Therefore，Although there is no shortage of conquests during the period of Bet365 lotto review integration，A lot of evidence of violence was found at the Longshan Period sites，The same was true for Liangzhu earlier，But while integrating at the political level，There is another integration path，That is cultural integration，Especially ideological integration。At this level，Emphasis on business-oriented、Secular、The Central Plains culture of etiquette has become the core idea that plays a leading role，And thus formed a more inclusive culture，When dealing with a culture different from your own，More willing to adopt the values ​​​​of "people and things"。Chinese historical period，The conflict between the grassland nomadic groups and the Central Plains farming groups is sometimes very sharp，Grassland ethnic groups continue to dominate the Central Plains，Change of dynasties，No matter what policy the ruling group adopts，Cultural integration is always going on，The ideology centered on the Central Plains has not been abandoned，On the contrary, it has been strengthened，The sinicization of a large number of ethnic groups is evidence of this。There is no disconnect between China’s historical period and prehistoric times，Social integration strategy pioneered in prehistoric times，When it works，It will be easily accepted by future generations。In historical documents, different dynasties praised the Three Emperors and Five Emperors as well as the virtues of the Ming Dynasty during the Three Dynasties，This shows its influence on later generations of politics。

Bet365 lotto review integration is all-round，This in turn affected the ancient historical legends passed down to later generations，For example, the integration of family lineages，Yellow Emperor became the common ancestor of different ethnic groups。As for whether the idea of ​​blood fusion has been formed in prehistoric times，Unknown at the moment。Using the term blood fusion，Obviously it can increase the identification of different ethnic groups with the new ethnic community。Integration is not just about politics，Also reflected in cultural significance，And reflected in the material remains，Finally formed a unified、Stable structure，This is the Chinese culture we are familiar with。We are proud of the long and strong vitality of Chinese Bet365 lotto review，The fusion characteristics are the fundamental guarantee of its vitality。Chinese Bet365 lotto review continues to accept and integrate new cultural factors，Even astronomy、Geography and personnel are integrated，Formed the ideological tradition of "harmony between man and nature"。Under the influence of fusion characteristics，All nations in the world are gradually becoming unified，All descendants of Yan and Huang，In modern times, it has further integrated into the unified "Chinese nation"。The sea is open to all rivers，Tolerance is great。This remarkable feature of Chinese Bet365 lotto review is in the present and even the future，will also play an important role，For a chaotic world，A culturally inclusive Chinese Bet365 lotto review is where hope lies。

(The author is a professor Bet365 lotto review Department of Archeology and Museology, School of History, Renmin University of China)