Damagou bet365 code Cultural Site is located 28 kilometers east of Cele County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region。Cele County is on the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert，Preserved many castles on the ancient Silk Road、bet365 code temple ruins and ancient tombs，More than 30 bet365 code relics have been discovered in Damagou bet365 code Cultural Sites。As recorded in "Book of Wei·Biography of the Western Regions"，In Khotan, “the secular world values ​​Buddhism”，There are many monks and nuns in the temple and pagodas”，bet365 code culture was prevalent in ancient Khotan (ancient Khotan area is roughly equivalent to the current Hotan area in Xinjiang)，There are many pagodas and temples in the territory。It can be said，The Damagou bet365 code cultural sites represented by the Small Buddha Temple provide important historical materials for the study of the origin of Chinese civilization，It is also the Silk Road between Eastern and Western civilizations and ethnic integration，And an extremely vivid physical example of the formation and development of the pluralistic unity of Chinese civilization。

　　Mutual learning between Eastern and bet365 code civilizations along the Silk Road

The small bet365 code temple is Topluk Dun No. 1 bet365 code Temple，Discovered by local herdsmen in 2000，In 2002, the Xinjiang Archaeological Team of the Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences conducted a rescue excavation，The Damagou bet365 code Site Museum was built in 2007。According to relevant excavation reports and comprehensive measurements，The bet365 code temple No. 1 in Topluk Dun was built roughly from the middle of the 6th century to the early 7th century，Possibly as early as the late 5th century。The bet365 code temple ruins face north and south，The area is only 4 square meters，The Buddha statue was damaged above the shoulders，Both hands are damaged。This bet365 code temple is one of the best-preserved bet365 code temple ruins discovered so far in Hotan area，It is also the smallest bet365 code temple in the medieval period found in the world。

The Damagou bet365 code Site Museum also displays bet365 code Temple No. 2 in Topluk Dun、Precious cultural relics and incomplete murals unearthed from the bet365 code ruins No. 1 in Kaladun。The figures in the painting are full-bodied，Beautiful lines。The remaining mural of Avalokitesvara with Thousand Arms and Thousand Eyes unearthed from the bet365 code site No. 1 in Kaladun，Lifelike，Lifelike，Unfortunately, only the head remains、Chest and some arms。It’s worth noting，Among the seven arms on the left，Raise the wrist of the arm closest to the halo of the head，Wearing an armband。Another hand is raised，And there is a round object in it，A mouse is clearly drawn in the circle，This is one of the few objects in the world that can confirm the worship of the sacred rat recorded in Xuanzang's "The Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty"。At the same time，The clothing styles of the characters in the murals，It also truly reflects the social life in ancient Khotan，And its close connection with the Central Plains in various aspects of culture and art。

Buddhism has been popular in Khotan since ancient times，First introduced to Theravada Buddhism，Later introduced to Mahayana Buddhism，known as the bet365 code country。Khotan made great contributions to the spread of Buddhism to the East。About BC，King Yuchi’s family is a devout bet365 code，Proficient in Buddhism and vigorously promote it，So temples were built in the territory、Zhuang Luan Buddha Statue，As a result, Buddhism gained supreme status in Khotan，There are many pagodas and temples in the territory，There are tens of thousands of monks。It was also at this time，A large number of Mahayana scriptures spread to the Central Plains from Khotan，Khotan became the birthplace of Mahayana Buddhism in the Central Plains。Many eminent monks such as Faxian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty、Xuan Zang and others in the Tang Dynasty have recorded the development of Khotan Buddhism，For example, the relevant description in "The Biography of Eminent Monk Faxian": "The country is prosperous and happy，People's Yin Sheng，Everyone obeys the law，Entertaining each other with Dharma。There are tens of thousands of monks，How much learning，Everyone has food to eat。People from other countries live in stars，There are small towers in front of every house，The smallest one can be about two feet tall。Build a four-way monk’s room，Provide guest monks and other necessities。”The eminent monk Faxian and his party arrived in Khotan，Fa Xian is rich for the people of Khotan、We all respect Buddhism，Especially because there are so many monks in the territory，The grand occasion of studying Mahayana Buddhism is very impressive，Then give a detailed introduction。

Khotan, located on the Silk Road，Is the hub for the spread of Buddhism from west to east。Buddhism was introduced to Han Dynasty through the Overland Silk Road，Divided into two parts, north and south，The North Road is centered on Kucha，The South Road is centered on Khotan。During the Southern and Northern Dynasties，Qiuci has been formed、Yu Tian、Three major bet365 code centers in Gaochang，Enabled unprecedented development of monasteries and scripture translation in various places。Khotan and Buddhism are inextricably linked，Many eminent monks emerged，There are many remains of bet365 code temples。There are also many interactions between Central Plains and Khotan Buddhism，For example, a famous monk from the Eastern Jin Dynasty who was a disciple of Huiyuan in Lushan Mountain，Emperor Xiaowu went to the Western Regions to seek Dharma in the seventeenth year of Taiyuan (392)，To Khotan，Obtained the Sanskrit version of the Avatamsaka Sutra with thirty-six thousand verses and the Sanskrit version of the Four Parts Law，Meet the eminent monk Buddha Yashe from Jibin。Buddha Yasa enters Chang'an，Translated "Four Parts Rhythm"。Tan Wujue, an eminent monk from Northern Liang, went around looking for scriptures，The Mahaparinirvana Sutra in Khotan，Later translated in Liangzhou。Shichananda, an eminent monk in Khotan during the Tang Dynasty，At the invitation of Wu Zetian，Bring the Sanskrit version of the Avatamsaka Sutra to Luoyang，Yu Yijing、Fazang and others jointly translated eighty volumes of the Huayan Sutra。It can be said，The introduction and translation of important bet365 code classics such as the Avatamsaka Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra，The value and impact produced are immeasurable。As mentioned in the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, one can become a Buddha with just one Chantika，Confirms Daosheng’s point of view，It was a big shock to the Chinese bet365 code community at that time。Translation of these classics，It has greatly changed the original pattern of Chinese Buddhism，It has had a lasting and far-reaching impact on the development of Chinese Buddhism and even Chinese culture。To the Tang Dynasty，With the spread of Mahayana Buddhism from the Central Plains to the Western Regions and its widespread influence，Guanyin belief and so on were also introduced accordingly，Many Chinese bet365 code temples have also been built in Khotan，Ruhuguo Temple。From this，We can see that Khotan is promoting the spread and development of bet365 code culture、Played an important role in promoting cultural exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations。

　　The ethnic integration between bet365 code and the Central Plains is becoming increasingly obvious

bet365 code Temple No. 1, Topluk Dun，That is, the exquisite murals around the small bet365 code temple belong to the "Khotanese School of Painting"，Has typical and strong cultural characteristics of Han and Tang Dynasties。As a rich bet365 code cultural relic in Khotan，These murals are related to the Dandan Urik ruins north of Dama Valley，As well as the woodblock prints and murals at other bet365 code sites in Damagou, they jointly display the remarkable characteristics and evolution of the "Khotan School" from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty。

"Khotanese School of Painting" emerged in Central Asia in the 2nd century、Western Region，Matured in China in the 5th and 6th centuries。The early "Khotan School" mainly focused on human subjects，Mostly related to bet365 code content，Including regional customs，The characteristic of this painting school is its absorption of India、Sfumato in Central Asian native artistic expressions，Absorbing lines from Central Plains paintings，Develop a unique painting style，Became an important creative school at that time，It had a great influence on the development of bet365 code art in my country and the evolution of painting at that time。According to research，The good use of lines is a distinctive feature of the "Khotanese School"，He often uses lines to dominate the character's shape，Vivid and full，Usually using the concave and convex blending method and the "bending iron panning silk" line drawing technique。It’s worth noting，We can appreciate the rich information contained in the early plastic language of the "Khotan School"，Explore how he was influenced by Gandhara culture and Central Plains civilization，And then develop into a regional cultural and artistic form that is both inclusive and innovative。“Khotan School” was popular in the Tang Dynasty painting circles，Not only with the Central Plains，It also has a deep connection with the formation of Dunhuang and Tibetan bet365 code plastic art systems。

Sui and Tang Dynasties，The exchanges between various parts of the Western Region and the Central Plains are becoming increasingly frequent，Interaction between Central Plains civilization and bet365 code culture、Collision Fusion，Making the “Khotanese School” more inclusive，It also highlights the characteristics of integrating multiple Eastern and Western art forms。Father and son Yuchi Bazina and Yuchi Yiseng, representative figures of the "Khotan School"，The Khotanese bet365 code painting techniques were brought to the Central Plains。At the same time，Monks from the Central Plains during their journey to the West to seek Dharma，Also bring the culture of the Central Plains to Khotan，Greatly enriched Khotan’s painting and other artistic culture。The "Khotanese Painting School" combines Khotanese local art forms with Central Plains painting elements，As well as interactions in culture and art，It can be seen that Khotan and the Central Plains learned from each other in culture from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties、National integration、Extremely distinctive characteristics of the times in terms of artistic integration。

Except for painting，Khotan in sculpture、Music、He also has profound attainments in dance art and other aspects，It also had a wider impact on the Central Plains。For example, the Damagou bet365 code Site Museum displays a very ancient traditional plucked instrument - Pipa，It was unearthed near the Small bet365 code Temple，It is the best preserved one unearthed in China、Extremely rare real Pipa instrument。According to research，The age of this wooden pipa should be before the Tang Dynasty。At the same time，A large number of pottery pieces playing pipa and other musical instruments have also been unearthed in the Hotan area where Damagou is located、Pottery figurines and other musical instruments。This fully reflects the long-term cultural exchanges and ethnic integration between Khotan and the Central Plains，Khotan in music、Profound knowledge in dance art and other aspects，Presenting the splendor and swaying variety of his music art。Xuan Zang believed in "The Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty"，Khotan’s “Guoshang Music”，People like to sing and dance”。This points out Khotan’s overall attitude towards music，And its form and tradition in music art。Historically，Han Dynasty，There are exchanges between the Western Region and the Central Plains，Khotan music has also been introduced to the Central Plains earlier。Especially since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty，Sent envoys to the Western Regions many times，A large number of musical instruments were introduced from the Western Regions，Injecting new rhythm into Chinese classical music，Greatly enriched China’s music style，Promoted the development of Chinese music culture。To the Sui and Tang Dynasties，The trend of advocating the music and dance of the Western Regions arose from the court to the people。According to the "Seven Parts of Music" and "Nine Parts of Music" of music and dance recorded in "Book of Sui Music"，About Xiliangbu，Songs include "Eternal Music"、The interpretation of the song includes "Wan Shifeng"、Dance music includes "Khotan bet365 code Song"，It can be seen that with the deepening of cultural exchanges between the Western Regions and the Central Plains，The trend of national integration is more obvious，Even Khotanese music and dance, which combines Buddhism and music art, have become more popular in China，And occupies a higher status。Wang Jianze, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, in "A Journey to Liangzhou"，Using "Every family in Luoyang learns Hu music" depicts the scene of national integration at that time，That is, a large number of musical instruments, songs and dances were introduced to the Central Plains from Khotan and other Western Regions through the Silk Road，And then become an important part of Chinese music culture。

In summary，Analysis on issues related to Damagou bet365 code cultural sites，For promoting research on bet365 code culture in the ancient Western Regions、The evolution of art, culture and history、Interpretation of the history and civilization of the Western Regions，As well as the exploration of the interaction and integration between Khotan and the civilizations of the Central Plains on the Silk Road, it is of great significance。The long-term unification tradition of Chinese civilization，forming a pluralistic unity、The unity of unity。Chinese civilization is rich because of its diversity，Long-lasting because of oneness。To some extent，Xinjiang’s Damagou bet365 code cultural site, represented by the Small bet365 code Temple, provides an in-depth understanding of the historical context of the formation and development of Chinese civilization，Promote research on the origins of Chinese civilization、Cultural exchanges and mutual learning between East and West along the Silk Road，As well as major issues such as the evolution pattern of pluralism and unity of Chinese civilization, it provides rich physical examples。

　(The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Philosophy, Tianjin Academy of bet365 code)