In the postmodern theory of the 20th century in France，Discovery and borrowing of Zen thoughts as French thinkers to resist "Logos Centerism" and "discourse hegemony"。For example，Roland Balt uses the spirit of the Zen Tao as an important theoretical assistance to promote its "neutral" ideas。Specifically，The language view of Balt borrowed Zen Tao，Re -refer to the position that resists the hegemony of Western languages ​​and then resist capitalist ideology，and thus develop a "neutral" survival aesthetics。

As early as "Symbol Empire"，Balt regards Western language as a patriarchal language，I believe that this parent language wipes all the irrefracting differences in life with unquestionable independence and mandatoryness。In the inauguration speech of French College in France a few years later，Balt proposed that language itself, especially the Western language logic, formed a fascist -style arbitrary violent place。The core of the "neutral" language concept is to resist the arbitrary violence of language，The minor difference between the restoration language should have，Where is there in the Zen Destiny Language，Balt found the power of the detailed life of the language。

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"Langa Sutra" in "Langa Sutra"，Not the first meaning "，Zen's language philosophy has emphasized words from the beginning、The position of the heart of the heart。The ancestors of the Chinese Zen Zen Zen Buddhism and Hui Ke、Daoxin and other masters，All emphasize the position of Zen's thoughts that do not hold text。In the world of Zen，Each thing is recognized as the original state as an absolute special thing。So，Zen rejection of all conceptual media，bet365 live casino games In particular, opposition to the medium that treats language as the concept，The use of the concept of words has caused things and things, and the separation of things and things.。So，To restore things, the original pure and thorough state，First of all, it is necessary to break through the original common sense and the established knowledge concepts to face the restrictions of people and face things itself，and Balt saw the possibility of removing language conceptualization in Zen Dao language，He attributed the concept of language to the problem of "predicate"。

In the "Neutral" course，Balt proposed the "predicate" problem of language，He believes that the predicate as a grammar concept，It is mainly a super modifier that proposes to a certain thing and adds to a certain thing，Can be used to determine the nature of the object or the relationship between the object，But the function of the predicate words has imprisoned the lively existence in "Death"。"Do not assign anything existing things: only individuals exist: what I see is a horse，Not the attributes of a horse → Any predicateization becomes unable to achieve，Because the subject cannot be turned about as predicate。"(" Neutral ")，The characteristic of language predicate is to eliminate the uniqueness of things，So as to make it category，This is a means to obtain knowledge through induction，and Balt’s "neutral" concept oppose things to the predicate of things，Pay attention to the individual quality of the current thing。In the book "Symbol Empire"，Balt made a rough analysis of the language view of Zen: "A verb has neither a subject，There is no expression，But it is a passage，This is equivalent to saying，A kind of knowledge behavior，I don’t know the subject，There is no known object ... "From Balt’s view，Zen language is not the power of the subject to spread knowledge Bet365 app download on the object，Instead, the distinction between the subject and the object was erased in an instant，The true nature of direct things，Zen language is repaired instantly，It is the manifestation of the life of things。So，The language of Zen is a dehomitized language with "neutral" characteristics，This language never tries to define the relationship between the subject and the object，Never limit things，Because once you make a "predicate" attempt to modify things，It means that the subject has the possession of things，This is exactly what Balt strongly opposes。

　"Answers to the question" and "neutral" response method

In the "Neutral" course，Balt once taught a lesson around "Answer"。He believes that all hair questions mean some power，It means that the respondent's power of the questioner and the inherent thinking of the questioner。So，The language power to fight the questioner，Balt believes that you can use answers、How to leave the problem，This is a "neutral" response method。Zen's seemingly rude response method is just the word type that is the most reflected "neutral" thought in Balt's eyes。

In "Neutral"，Balt introduced such a famous Zen public case，Master asked Gao Feng: "Who wearing your stinky skin。"The peak suddenly" hey "，Master heard that he wanted to hit him，Gao Feng said: "You must not hit me today。"Master asked:" What is the reason? "Gao Feng chose to silence and leave。the next day，Master asked Gao Feng: "Everything goes back，Where is it? "Gao Feng replied:" Dog licking boiling water in the pot。"Balt believes that in this peak's conversation with Master，All types of "neutral" answers appear: silence、Travel、Disting，Among them, the answer to the answers to the question is finally satisfied with the Master。Balt further emphasized: "Neutral" answers must be sincere，instead of the formal and poor emulation，It is not a means to achieve bet365 Play online games a certain purpose，Instead, in this situation, the true 僭 僭 僭 僭 僭，The focus is on the resistance of the power relationship that the quiz relationship is acquired to the relationship between language violence。Balter referred to the Zen Zen rules of the Zen Zen in the Zen of Zen。The so -called "correlation"，refers to the "certain logical thought of continuity content" dependent on the formation of linear language，Relatives implies a specification，This specification comes from logic similar to Doxa (Doxa)。Where to Balt，Ding seeing to the public opinion or public common sense。The typical "anti -correlation" logic contained in Zen's language can be directly reached the essence of individual existence through the lively language of daily life，The moment of "enlightenment" through the negation of public experience，and realize the real Buddha nature through this moment。

"Altar Scriptures" mentioned the problem of mind -based cleanliness。Heartbility Ben includes three aspects: all beings have pure heart; equality of Buddha and sentient beings、Everyone has a pure heart; everyone has Buddhism。In "Altar Scripture · Prajna Pine Two", there is "when you realize the realization，All beings are Buddhas。Therefore, I know that all the way is in my heart，Why not from my heart，Donald the truth is like nature "，Affirmed the true nature of people living inside the universe，The true nature of self -self，I can only obtain Prajna Wisdom through meditation。Prajna Wisdom can be summarized as three aspects: no thought、No phase、No go。No thought refers to breaking the inner secular desires of the subject; without phase referring to foreign objects;，Not persistent on heresy，Do not do absolute separation of all things。

Therefore，Balt regards Zen Answers as a non -asked answer as a rebellion for the public.，This view Bet365 app download is coordinated with the requirements of Zen not in foreign objects。But the view of the language that Zen answers a non -question shows the true nature of all things in the universe，Not the Utopia World，and Balt only regarded this as a language game，and imagine a Utopia that has no absolute spirit，This has a large income from Zen。In addition，Balt's appreciation of Zen to a large extent is based on Zen's abandonment and away from Zen language，I only see the spirit of the human life that is based on daily life，without seeing the aspect of "sex" in "Seeing the neutrality" behind Zen，This is also the fundamental difference between Balt’s "neutral" thought and the spirit of Zen.。

　　The necessity of "Tao Unable to Word" and "Silence"

In addition to the language view of Zen，The Taoist language view of "Unable to speak" also attracted Balt's attention。In the book "Roland Balt on Roland Balt"，Balt can hardly hide the fatigue of language，He said，"I have been experiencing this kind of cycle for a lifetime ..." Since the 1950s，France's endless theoretical disputes of public noise，Balt was obviously tired of this in his later years，Therefore, the theoretical retreat began。To find a way to remove violence，Compared to a firm position that defends his own point of view in the early years，He emphasizes the necessity of "silence" at this time。

Balt see，People in the Western world today have the anxiety of "what to say"，But when everyone only cares about the expression of self -point, not knowing silence，It exactly forms a popular opinion of "people and clouds"，and this public opinion promotion has become a rich soil to implement ideological myths。So，From the eyes of Balt，The top priority is not to teach people what to say，Instead。Silence does not mean indifferent to watch，Instead of seeking other people's identification bet365 live casino games to the life body of individual self -recognition。

"Tao Unable to speak" relies on Taoism’s "inaction" thought，For Balt，"Inaction and profound attitude = Don't make a choice ... From the perspective of Tao，Nothing is destroyed，Nothing can be done。This is the so -called ‘撄 Ning’ ”。("Neutral") The "inaction" thought of Taoism means an omnipotent atmosphere，Call the return of the true life of the individual's true life，It represents a kind of survival wisdom that completely blocks power and violence。In addition，Late Balt frequently mentioned the significance of "inaction" to the survival of the individual，also represents his criticism of the existing bourgeois life order。As Max Weber said，The inner development of this order of life cannot be separated from the new teaching concept of penetrating into capitalist blood，The rational formed by the formed tool is while promoting the prosperity of the capitalist world，Also constantly compressing the living space of the individual。This is also at the end of the "neutral" course，Balt regains the Taoist "inaction" thought and uses it as the reason why modern people should have the wisdom。

In short，"Neutral" as a key concept in Balt theory has a strong tolerance，This concept penetrates Balt's "big system without cutting、No knowledge、No difference "ideal living space pursuit，and the desire for the ideal survival method of the individual，The language of the Zen Dao Dao undoubtedly fits the theoretical appeal of the late Balt。"Everything can be raised without each other，Taoism is not contradictory。"(" The Golden Mean ") For individuals in a modern crisis，Any ideological resources may become an effective solution to resolve crises，and only based on a global humanistic care as a foothold，can we abandon civilized superior theory，Solve the survival crisis faced by the individual。and bet365 best casino games Balt's reference on the view of the Zen Taoism in the "Neutral" theory、Reintegrality of Zen thought in Western theoretical discourse，It just reflects its profound reflection on the superior theory of Western civilization。At the same time, it also indicates，Chinese traditional ideological and culture can provide valuable theoretical vision for human resistance to modern technology，It is an indispensable ideological resource for building a community of human destiny.。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Renmin University of China)