From Zhou Gong's ritual to the East Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is coming，Self -consciousness firmly rooted in the deepest part of the early ideological and culture。The author of "Zhouyi · Department" has long found this keenly，Said: "Yi" Xingye，Is it in the Middle of China? "Easy"，Do you have any worries? "Xu Fuguan has done a deep interpretation of the connotation of worrying consciousness，Put forward "the formation of worrying psychology，It is the vision of thinking about the success of the success or failure of the success or failure of the parties; in this perspective，It mainly discovered the close relationship between the success or failure of the good and bad and the behavior of the person in the person，The responsibility of the person in terms of behavior "(" History of Chinese Humanity, History of Humanity, Pioneer ")。This can be seen，The so -called sorrow consciousness，Not only "trembling，Ru Lin Abyss，Careful character of such as as thin ice，It also includes the main body and responsibility of the subject of "thinking and suffering"。

Predictive Aesthetic Thoughts also paid attention to such a sense of worry。Although the sons have different positions and ideas，But all facing the background of the era of "ritual collapse"。The collapse of ritual and music culture is not the same as the decline of aesthetic culture。To be precise，It means that excessive aesthetic culture breeds, so that it is completely out of control in a sense。So，For the secular aesthetic culture at the time，The sons are holding a high degree of fear gesture，Their aesthetic thought can be regarded as "excessive、Inadvertent beauty "worry and anti -dialing。

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The worries of the sons bet365 best casino games are mainly due to the following four dimensions.

Those who are worried，Is the separation of beauty and virtue。As early as when the dawn of civilization appeared，Midea has become a symbol of power。On the occasion of Yin Zhou Dingge，The rulers of the new regime creatively propose the concept of "with virtue"，Lien the legitimacy of power with virtue。This is here，Midea has also become an external manifestation of virtue。Mei、Politics、The unity of morality three has important practical significance: politically，The beauty of possession that does not match itself is undoubtedly a taboo of human and god indignation; and in turn，This taboos played a considerable degree of restraint on people morally。For example，King Zhou Gong，There are three beautiful women marrying Mi Kanggong，Mi Kanggong's mother believes that she should dedicate the beauty to King Zhou，and warned: "Husband，Beautiful things also。Better to the women with beautiful things，And He De is right。Wang is still unbearable，Kuer Clown? Clown preparation，Death to die。"(" Mandarin · Zhou Yu ") However，With the decline of the Zhou royal family and the violent changes in the political map，"Destiny" concept is generally questioned，The bond between power and morality is getting thinner，Morality and Moral inevitably have decoupling。Confucius said: "Eight Dance in Court，Is it tolerance，Is it unbearable? "(" The Analects of Confucius · Eight ") The aesthetic taboos originally designed for the order，Instead, it has greatly stimulated the heart of the non -track。

Those who are worrying 2，Is the beauty of the beauty right。Lile and Mile Culture Although there are also special situations that are precious，The so -called "respectful and not good，Father's Party has no accommodation，Daguang does not follow，Big Boy Disorders "，But in general，Mainly pay bet365 best casino games attention to "Nothing，Filling "(" Book of Rites · Rites ")。In specific practical activities，On the one hand，outer "Wen" has functions such as both characterization of power，It is developed by productive forces、The influence of material culture is becoming rich，Therefore, it is easy to move towards excessive。On the other hand，The programming and repeating external forms，It is easy to make "Ben" that is, that is, inadequate truth，So completely absent。With the distance between "Wen" and "Ben"，Lile and Music Culture is dangerous to become hypocritical。Lao Tong's Well -known History，straight Chen "Box is not beautiful，Beautiful Words Not Believe "(" The Tao Te Ching · Chapter 81 ")，Also said "Fu Li，The head of loyalty and faithfulness。Former Ice，Daozhuan and Fool's Start。It is the thickness of the eldest husband，No thin; actually，No Hua Hua "(" Tao Te Ching · Chapter 38 ")。He seems to think，This is a law that cannot be intervened。Confucius is not as pessimistic as Lao Tzu，But I also think that "ingenious words make color，Fresh Ren "(" The Analects of Confucius · Yang ")，Proposal "Li，and luxury，Ning Jian; Funeral，Instead of easy，Ning Qi "(" The Analects of Confucius · Eight ")。He regards virtual literature as a fatal threat to etiquette and music culture。

Those who are worried about 3，It is excessive beauty that is obstructive of individual happiness。Beautiful things are both symbols of power，It is also a material for luxury life with。No matter what the purpose is，The chase of the beauty of the world is a specific manifestation of desire。People’s desire always does not stop，Poor luxury desire does not bring the peace of mind，People instead become numb because of the sensory stimulus。Lao Tzu pays special attention to the harm of indulgence to human nature，It said: "Five colors are blind，Five sounds are deaf，Five bet365 Play online games flavors are refreshing，Gallowing Hunter is crazy，Rare goods are good for。"(" The Tao Te Ching · Chapter 12 ") Zhuangzi also said almost the same thing。Confucianism often pursues the pursuit of material desire with virtue，This highlights the valuable value of the latter。Confucius said，"People who have not seen good virtues also" ("The Analects of Confucius · Weiling Gong")，Mencius claims to "from its general adult，From its small body as a villain "(" Mencius · Tzuzi ")。Their remarks are not as strong as Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi.，But still implies clear value selection。

Those who are worrying 4，It is an excessive beauty that destroys production and life。In order to meet the needs of the ruling class, the demand for pride and extravagance，The normal life of the people has been severely damaged。Because of this，Mencius proposed that Music Lele was not as good as Zhongle when persuading King Qi Xuan，The ruler should be "enjoy with the people" ("Mencius Liang Hui") the famous proposition。In fact，The extravagant life of the ruling class, the extravagant life of the dog and horse, has aroused extensive concerns of people of people at that time。For example，King Chu Ling was intoxicated by Zhang Huatai's tall glory，Wu Juyu warned: "Chen Wen Guojun's pets think of beauty，Anmin thinks fun，Listening to De is Cong，Zhiyuan thought Ming。No hearing its lofty civil engineering、Tongkou is beauty，and the Changda of the Golden Stone Bamboo、Holding for the fun;、Vision、Moisturizing as Ming，Taking the turbidity as Cong。"(" Mandarin · Chu Language ") Mozi advocates still the same、兼，It also has a deeper inspection of the hardships of the people，So pay particular attention to this。Shang Ye is also very alert to the destruction of production of material desire，But his starting point is to win the merger war，and Confucianism、Mo two have essential differences。

　Putting a strategy of response

Bet365 app download The symptoms of Zhuzi have their own emphasis，The prescriptions for prescribing are also very different。

Confucius is both the maintenanceer of the etiquette culture，It is also a improved faction for etiquette culture。Lile and Le Culture itself has both politics and teaching。Confucius on the political side "Knowing it cannot be done"，But after all, I failed to pull the building to pour。On the side of education，Confucius broke the monopoly of the aristocracy for elite education，also focused on the tradition of music education for cultivating the gentleman of the literary literary literary literary literary literary literary quality，With the power of music instead of political power，reinterpret the beauty and morality，Therefore, the continuation of etiquette culture and the reconstruction of the order of rule。As Wang Fuzhi said in "Solution"，"The saint uses poetry to relieve its turbid heart，Shock its twilight，Name to the heroes and the later period with sages，The power of this saving man in troubled times is also "。

What needs attention is，Only as far as aesthetic education，Mencius and Xunzi do not seem to completely inherit the mantle of Confucius，Even a large offset occurred。Mencius's aesthetics also take the pursuit of glorious personality beauty as the main feature，But its theory of qi is very different from Confucius' poetry。Xunzi seems to be ritual and music and weighing，It also emphasizes the importance of learning，But in fact，He turned the high -standard elite education of Confucius into a low -standard mass education，Turning Confucius's emotional aesthetic education into a rational standard education。

Mo Family and Legalists are the thorough opponents of Lile and Music culture。Mozi's argument has a clear way of reason，Investigate whether it is beneficial to heaven，Is it good for ghosts，Is it good for people，In the end，In fact, it is to investigate Bet365 app download whether it is conducive to the survival and life of the people。Mozi said: "There are three people in the people: the hungry is not allowed to eat，The cold must not be worn，The worker is not to be checked，The huge sufferings of the three people also。But it is a big bell for it、Drumming Drum、Playing the Qin Se、Blowing the Shengsheng and raising the Qi Qi，Fortune of people's clothing and food will be available? "(" Mozi · Fei Music ") In his opinion，Lile and Mile Culture is all useless，Only working to hurt the people，Further increase the burden on the lower people。Shang Yang、Han Fei's argument also has a clear way of reason，Investigate whether it is conducive to agricultural war、rule of law。Shang Yang said: "State -owned gift、Youle、Poems、There is "Book"、Have good、Repair、Filial piety、Have a brother、Lian、There is any debate。State -owned ten，There is no war in the upper battle，must be cut to death;，There is a battle on the upper battle，Bingxingzhi King。"(" Shang Jun Book · Qiang Qiang ") Han Feizi said:" Confucianism is chaotic，Xia Yitu Ban，And the Lord and the Euravity，This is also chaotic。"(" Han Feizi · Five ") They strictly reject all humanistic things。

Zhuangzi Different Live Face，His aesthetic thought is a transcendence of etiquette culture。On the surface，Zhuangzi of Lao Tzu's Series、Han Feizi opposes ritual and music culture，All deny the so -called beauty。But we can’t equate to the two，Because Zhuangzi is negating，It is also highly suspended "Great Beauty"，thus open up a new situation for Chinese aesthetic thought。Zhuangzi proposed，The cognitive level of the world is limited，thick flavor、Right and wrong judgment is very unreliable，So，body safety、thick flavor、Meifu、Good color、The happiness brought by secular value such as sound and sound，It's just the illusion Bet365 app download that it is pinned in the sensory enjoyment。So，How to settle the soul，Exempting spiritual torment，What about the real "Music"? Zhuangzi thinks，The key lies in "No self"。Do nothing，You can do it naturally，The so -called "also" also，Lost Shunye，An Shi and Sushi，Mourning Can't Enter "(" Zhuangzi · Great Master ")。Do nothing and go naturally，You can also enter "Full Food and Ao You，If the Boat of Fan Never "(" Zhuangzi · Lie Yukou ") is free。

　　(Author is assistant researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Institute of Philosophy of the Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences)