Literature from production、Publishing and spread to reading acceptance is a big system。Where，Literature's publishing and reading and reading accepts literary evaluation。Literary criticism is an important part of literary evaluation，Mainly promoted、Promotional role。General new works are launched，Introduction to literary criticism、Review、Recommendation and encouragement。So，The function of literary criticism and book reviews is almost the same，Mainly reading promotion of new works，Let more readers understand the content and characteristics of new works。

　bet365 live casino games Literary criticism

In the entire literary evaluation，Literary research and literary criticism the most noticeable，Easy to be selected as a business。Literary research is mainly a macro or micro -study and research on literature in literature research institutions or university professionals，Focus on learning rationality and science。Literature research is a science，Attitude should be objective，Methods to be proper，Put the writer's work、Literature Thoughts and Literature Development as the main research object，Perform rational analysis and scientific research。Literary research has research from the perspective bet365 best casino games of theoretical perspective，There are also research on research methods; there is a case research，There are also overall research; there are horizontal comparative research，There are also vertical in -depth inspections; knowledge archeological research，There are also theoretical constructive studies。Literary research requires both theory，Also generated theory，Literary criticism is the theory of using and inspection。The analysis of the work of literary research is not only the background of the writer's personal growth，It also takes the changes of the times and society as a reference，Emphasize the creativity of literature and art。Literary criticism is mainly to analyze and interpret literary works for "defect"，It is a combination of sensuality and rationality。Tabo said in "Six Literature Criticism" that literary criticism has "criticism of beauty" and "criticism of defective"，Of course，He is more sure of that "defective criticism"。I think the main responsibility of literary criticism is "Furious"，instead of "seeking beauty"，Because "Finding Beauty Critic" is certainly beneficial，But can only encourage the author，But "Federation of criticism" can inspire many people，Therefore, "defective criticism" is more influential，It can also benefit more readers。

But the reason why the current literary criticism is always unsatisfactory，The main reason is that it acts too much as the bet365 Play online games role of "seeking beauty"，Lost its "defective" attitude and function，Therefore, literary criticism has lost strength。For example，Some novels are published，There is a large number of praise of comments articles concentratedly launched in newspapers and periodicals，and it is a praise of the words，Obvious internal effects in the circle，Even overflowing the literary circle，and become a media communication phenomenon。This is to simply treat criticism activities as a medium marketing strategy，criticism with the real "defective" does not conform to，Not to mention the combination of "seeking beauty" and "defect"。

　　Grasp the criteria and common sense of criticism

The most important problem with the existence of literary criticism is part of the criticism from "common sense"，Therefore, it seems a bit confusing，Specific characteristics are the following three aspects。

First, a positive comment，Even the criticism of literary criticism with praise。There is a more common phenomenon in the literary world，Some poems、Published by the novel collection，A lot of praise comments are published in batches，There is almost no serious criticism，Only highly of praise。Some people dislike this "praise" as the operation of "small circle"。This blind "praise" is obviously inconsistent with common sense，Because the new work has not been tested by readers。Besides，Many authors are looking forward to obtaining visibility、bet365 live casino games Critical criticism，Some writers even have a strong spirit of exploration，Their innovative attempts need to be diagnosed by people。Literary criticism plays an unspeakable role in the classic literary class，Mainly because it promotes the screening and elimination of contemporary works。From the perspective of the classicization of contemporary literature，Praise criticism is not conducive to the classic art construction。

Second, literary criticism lacks professional aesthetic vision。The so -called "criticisms" that have been more lively in recent years and caused the dense attention of paper media and online media，Because there is no professional aesthetic attitude and perspective，Critics have turned serious aesthetic activities into an entertainment activity，It seems that the purpose of criticism is to "show" instead of aesthetic。Literary criticism can have multiple perspectives and multiple methods，But it is a aesthetic activity after all，Leaving the aesthetic scale，Then I don’t call literature criticism，It can only be called "public opinion" and "entertainment events"。Literary criticism becomes the result of the event is，The serious literary criticism created many unknown truth、Viewers who do not distinguish authenticity to perform "Literature onlookers"，Therefore, to the writer's unwilling cyber violence and mental injury。Literary criticism should not become "Literature onlookers"，should become "literary bet365 live casino games thinking" or "aesthetic contemplation"，Especially for those who have become famous writers，There must be a "aesthetic contemplation" with goodwill and professionalism，This will help readers' understanding，It is also conducive to in -depth interpretation of the work。

Third, use classic standards to judge when facing new works。In the era of mass media，New works especially need to be promoted and promoted，Make it out of massive information，so。As far as new works are concerned，Critics should criticize "defect"，This aspect helps improve the aesthetic creativity of the creator，On the other hand, it is also conducive to readers to optimize their reading choices。But in the face of new works，It is not advisable to use classic standards to evaluate the agency，should be combined with specific creative context，Try to compare analysis as much as possible，Vertical analysis is also best to compare with the previous work of the writer himself。Some critics are accustomed to presented the classic title to the new work of famous artists，This becomes a "humanistic criticism"，Lost the subjectivity and basic position of criticism。Other critics like to make contemporary writers，Especially their new works are placed in the classic coordinates to evaluate，This may be too early，or overwhelming。And，Classic standards are the critics to wake up through criticism，instead of reinforcing by negation。Bet365 app download Classics are read by generations、Comments、Criticism and research can be established，It is both the object of criticism，Also the object of research，but，Classic coordinates are for authors and readers to learn，Not the rhythm of the author at the moment。

In short，In the literary evaluation system，Literary criticism is biased in perceptual cognition，Pay more attention to literary exchanges and promotion，It is useful for forming a warm and harmonious literary atmosphere。Especially for newcomers to literature，The carrying and encouragement of a critic can easily gain confidence and sail hard; literary research is rigorous、Reasonable、Scientific behavior，Keep a certain distance from the current literature site。Literary critics must have emotional temperature，It is necessary to show rational wisdom，Literary critics must have emotional temperature，Don’t，Literary criticism will not only be offside，Can also fail，It will even interfere with normal literary production、Publishing and spreading and reading acceptance，Make the literary evaluation system lose the balance between sensibility and rationality。In short，Literary criticism requires both sober eyes、Objective and fair positions and transparent rational words，You also need to call the return of "common sense"。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Literature of Shanghai University)