Fu Gang proposed in the article "Review and Prospects of One Hundred Years of bet365 new customer offer"，We should "establish the philology of "bet365 new customer offer""。He thinks，"bet365 new customer offer" since its establishment in the early Tang Dynasty，The accumulated literature is very rich，Currently scholars have not done their best to sort out the history of "bet365 new customer offer" and the research results of past dynasties，“Data construction should be carried out on a larger scale，For example, compiling bet365 new customer offer on the study of "bet365 new customer offer" of all dynasties、Collection of famous works from "bet365 new customer offer" of past dynasties，Photocopying the transcript of "bet365 new customer offer"、Important engraving、Revision、Commentary Book，Compilation of "History of Selected Literature"，These tasks are imperative，Lay a solid literature foundation for the in-depth development of "bet365 new customer offer" study"。

As a thousand-year specialized study，The emergence and research of "bet365 new customer offer" study，There has always been an objective level of philology。Contemporary Research，Fu Gang's "Study on Editions of bet365 new customer offer" incorporates the research methods of edition studies into the systematic study of "bet365 new customer offer" for the first time。For a long time afterwards，There are an increasing number of monographs examining the Song and Yuan engravings and early manuscripts "bet365 new customer offer" from a philological perspective。But in contrast, the study of "bet365 new customer offer" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，But a bit monotonous and thin。Currently，The research results of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are more focused on the literary analysis of "bet365 new customer offer"，There are few articles and treatises on systematic observation from the philological level。In view of this，This article attempts to summarize the current status of the study of "bet365 new customer offer" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Comprehensively discuss the necessity and contemporary conditions of philological observation of this paragraph，And systematically expounds the research methods and basic principles of "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties based on the perspective of "philology"，Further expand the horizons of research on "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Comprehensively enrich the connotation of the study of "bet365 new customer offer"。

　　The current situation of research on "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Fan Zhixin's "Manuscript of the bet365 new customer offer Edition" and "Extracts from the bet365 new customer offer Edition" are the earliest monographs that comprehensively surveyed the Ming and Qing "bet365 new customer offer" editions，The content is concise and comprehensive，Very inspiring。The reason for compiling the two books is，I occasionally read Jiang Jinghuan's "Selected Texts"，Meng Sheng collects and compiles the engravings of "bet365 new customer offer" from past dynasties，Edit "Book Shadow"，Thoughts to accompany a brief narrative。The book "Anthology Editions" focuses on the textual research on the editions of each book，Divided into two parts: engraving and manuscript。The attached "bet365 new customer offer" edition chronology，Covering 227 versions in the past，Extremely useful for investigating the origin of engraving of "bet365 new customer offer"。"Selected Versions of bet365 new customer offer" is accompanied by books and photos from various periods，Knowing the trajectory of positive changes in selective studies。Should say，These two books have laid a solid foundation for the study of "bet365 new customer offer", especially the study of the edition catalog of the Ming and Qing engraved "bet365 new customer offer"，It’s a pity that there are no successors，No one goes further along this path。After the publication of Xu Hua's "A Comprehensive Record of Selected Academic Literature of the Past Dynasties"，It also gives us a basic overview of the research works on "bet365 new customer offer" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties。According to its records，Ming Dynasty Guangxu Class、Certificate Class、Commentary、Dictionary、76 selected editions and works in series，There were 188 more species in the Qing Dynasty，Add the two，More than 260 species in total。Since the book is mainly about description and simple summary，So there is no in-depth discussion of each book recorded。But the same as the model book，Can provide a detailed bibliographic foundation for the study of "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties。

The study of "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties formed a special book，Wang Shucai's "Review of bet365 new customer offer of Ming and Qing Dynasties"、Zhao Junling's "Study on Commentary on bet365 new customer offer"、Wang Xiaoting's "Research on Selected Literature of the Qing Dynasty"、Hao Xingzai's "Research on bet365 new customer offer of the Ming Dynasty" and my humble work "Research on bet365 new customer offer of the Qing Dynasty" (to be published)。Specialized research on a "bet365 new customer offer" monograph，There is Guo Baojun's "Research on bet365 new customer offer of the Hu Ke Family"，The rest are mostly concentrated in dissertations。The results are not small，But it can be found by reading these monographs and papers，Most scholars focus on a period of time or a scholar's "bet365 new customer offer" achievements，Or pay more attention to his literary views derived from "bet365 new customer offer"。Including table of contents from a philological perspective、version、Collaborators and others will systematically examine what was learned in "bet365 new customer offer" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，A handful。This is for the nearly 300 monographs on the "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties that exist and the hundreds of revised editions of the "bet365 new customer offer"，Obviously not enough force。

　　The necessity of philological observation

Some scholars believe that "bet365 new customer offer" is a collection of literature，The study of "bet365 new customer offer" must return to the literary works themselves。Of course this is true。But，As above，"Selected Literature" as a discipline，Since the date of birth，It exists along with the objective characteristics of philology。This is the reason why we advocate that the study of "bet365 new customer offer" must pay attention to the philological perspective。The most important thing is，If we don’t understand the engraving of "bet365 new customer offer" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from a philological perspective、Selected academic works and revised editions，We must deeply study the characteristics of the "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Issues such as the relationship between the study of "bet365 new customer offer" and the literature of that time，It’s difficult。

Published and commented on "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming Dynasty，It can be called a characteristic of the times。Analysis，There are many details that have not yet been studied clearly。Take Zhang Fengyi's "bet365 new customer offer and Annotations" as an example。Zhang Fengyi (1527-1613)，Zi Boqi，People from Changzhou (now Suzhou)，Juren in the 43rd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1564)，But failed after repeated attempts。After failing for the fourth time in the fifth year of Wanli (1577)，Already over fifty, he finally gave up on his official career。Books compiled and published by Zhang Fengyi，The main purpose is to make a living by selling books。

The eighth year of Wanli，Zhang Fengyi compiled "bet365 new customer offer and Annotations"，Collecting and compiling comments from various commentators on "bet365 new customer offer"，Very helpful for career development。But for such a large book，He was unable to publish it himself at that time，In "Reading Gongwang Shu with Xu Shi" it is said: "Specially note many mistakes in "bet365 new customer offer"，reposted as compilation，We are now eight out of ten。There are not enough people to finish the draft，But Dengzi is weak，I’m just afraid of being arrogant。”Except lack of funds，The sentence "there are not enough people to complete the manuscript" seems to reveal something about the compilation and collation of a big book in the late Ming Dynasty，Some people have teams、Organized，Not necessarily done by one person。This can also respond to the situation that some scholars wrote many and abundant works in the late Ming Dynasty，is a document worthy of special attention。

Later，Zhang Fengyi helps through Shen Maoxue，With the support of Wu County Magistrate Fu Guangzhai, this book was engraved。His "Jun Dian Shu with Shen Xiu" says: "The engraving of "bet365 new customer offer"，Your Excellency is bragging，Er Lingjun is very interested in donating money to help Zi...Wu County Lord is sending officials to supervise the service，Please finish in advance，His virtue is more important than funding，All given by Your Excellency。"Once "bet365 new customer offer and Annotations" was published，Zhang Fengyi sent him to Beijing、Promotion in Guangdong and other places，Not long after the first carving came out，That’s popular all over the world，Reprinted、There are endless reprints，More than ten types，Soon formed a series of "compilation" commentaries，It also formed its unique influence on the review of "bet365 new customer offer" of the Qing Dynasty (see He Zhaohui's "Scholars and Commercial Publishing in the Late Ming Dynasty")。Judging from the existing quantity and the manuscripts used by various critics，The impact of the imprinting and spreading of this version of the system，Second only to Jiguge Edition。

However，The version printing issue of "bet365 new customer offer and Annotations" is still unclear，What is the original version used？The obvious sign of the original engraving is the name of the engraver "Gu Ziyu" below the center of the plate，The later printed copy is missing，Further detailed and in-depth investigation，No one is involved (see Fan Zhixin's "Selected Editions of bet365 new customer offer")。The relationship between the entire system derived from this，It’s impossible to talk about it。

The same is true for the Jiguge version，Not only did the late Ming and early Qing dynasties keep pace with the dissemination and reading of "bet365 new customer offer"，It also became one of the most important version systems in the Qing Dynasty。This version of the system includes the original version of Jiguge、Revised by Qian Shimi in the 25th year of Kangxi reign (1686)、Renovated version of Yang's Confucian Hall in the 27th year of Qianlong's reign (1762)、Renovated version of Qingwei Sutang，etc.。Up to the formation of the Jiguge edition reprint series，Reprinting and piracy of Hailuxuan copies is becoming common，They are all very complex engraving forms，The research space is very considerable。

In addition，At least 140 kinds of manuscripts published by various schools during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republic of China still exist。He Zhuo’s criticism has different aspects in different periods，This point was widely circulated in "Yimen Dushu Ji·bet365 new customer offer"、The difference in He Zhuo’s comments in Hai Luxuan’s “bet365 new customer offer of He Yimen” and Yu Guanghua’s “bet365 new customer offer” can be proved。Then，What was the earliest appearance of He Zhuo’s review？What is the most comprehensive？Zhuo He and Yu Xuan、After superimposing the reviews by Qian Luccan and others，How should we clarify the real "what batch" through the different batches of early, middle and late batches？These issues require further study。

　Specific methods and bet365 new customer offer rationale

Strengthening the philological perspective in the study of "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The author believes that we can start from at least three aspects。

First，Improving the compilation of the bibliographic summary of "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties。Already mentioned above，Fan Zhixin、Xu Hua is based on the scholars of his predecessors，Through extensive investigation and research，In the "bet365 new customer offer" version、Achieved certain achievements in the bibliography。But，The "summary" text in the two books is relatively simple，Can only meet the preliminary understanding needs of general readers。If you want to go further，It needs more detailed sorting，For example, the compilation of "Narrative and Research on the Engraved Editions of bet365 new customer offer in the Ming Dynasty", "Narrative and Research on the Engraved Editions of "bet365 new customer offer" in the Qing Dynasty", "Narrative of bet365 new customer offer of the Ming and Qing Dynasties", "Record of Insights on the Corrected Edition of "bet365 new customer offer"" (my humble work，To be published) and other topic narratives and research works。Build on this，Collected Works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Compilation of "bet365 new customer offer" materials in notes (Liu Feng has collected and compiled some)，More difficult and challenging。

Next，Strengthening the study of important edition systems and edition studies of important bet365 new customer offer。From an edition perspective，As the ancestor of Jibu，An important engraving of "bet365 new customer offer" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，All are worthy of in-depth research in monographs，Understand the original source of each engraving、Publication and revision status、Reprinting and derivative effects。Important version families，Such as "bet365 new customer offer Compilation and Annotation System", "Ji Gu Ge Edition System", "Hai Lu Xuan Edition System", "Hu Ke Jia Edition System", "bet365 new customer offer Collection and Review System", etc.，More comprehensive investment is required。As the founder of a certain system，For example, the Hook family，Not only engraved "bet365 new customer offer"，Also engraved with "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" etc.，Can occupy a place in the history of book publishing in the Qing Dynasty，However, no one has compiled a "Chronicle" for him so far。Based on the principle of knowing people and judging the world，The author is guiding students to compile "Chronology of the Hooker Family"。

More than 260 selected academic works during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Less than 10% received specialized research。If you combine the study of "bet365 new customer offer" with the study of editions，It will definitely be more interesting than research on versions just for the sake of versions，Nature will also produce more related results。Not long ago，I saw a copy of Xu Xunxing's "Selected Literature Notes" published by Xu Jiade at the office of Teacher Shi Xiang of Fudan University，Introduced by Teacher Shi，Browsing through hastily，I found that this book is a incomplete volume，But it’s too important。The "bet365 new customer offer Notes" of Xu Xunxing we are seeing now，Basically eight volumes engraved by Xu Jiade during the Guangxu period，I don’t know that there were still six volumes of printed copies in existence。This fragment is exactly its early six-volume edition，Read between the lines、The sky and the earth are benefited by Xu Jiade's blessings，Added as stated in the postscript of the eight volumes，Most of the materials have never been seen by his great-grandfather Xu Xunxing。These changes are reflected in the eight volumes，The appearance of fragmentary books，It allows us to get a glimpse of Xu Jiade’s process of editing and revising "bet365 new customer offer Notes"，On the completion of the eight-volume book and the proportion of the work of the grandfather and grandson in it，Everyone will have new understanding。Such a case study of selected academic works，Not in the minority。

Finally，Accelerate the construction of the special database of "bet365 new customer offer"，Relying on new digital humanities methods，Deepen the collation research of "bet365 new customer offer"。We are luckier than the people of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，It means having new technical means。In recent years，With many editions of "bet365 new customer offer"、The photocopying of research works and the successive release of images of ancient books in the library，Basic version of "bet365 new customer offer"、Writing materials are now relatively easy to obtain。But，Because there is no special database and analysis platform，The research on "bet365 new customer offer" seems to enjoy less convenience brought by new methods。If we can build a relatively complete special data platform for "bet365 new customer offer"，You can use the structuring of literature knowledge，Application version comparison、"Distant Reading" and other means，Restore kindness to the greatest extent。

In addition，Based on the large-scale integrated works such as "Collection of Old Annotations on bet365 new customer offer" and "Annotations on bet365 new customer offer" that have been completed by previous scholars，We can use the power of AI，Solving version research problems that were unimaginable in the past，Includes historical notes、Composition and comparison of batches，Naturally, you will get twice the result with half the effort。

　　　，Only by strengthening the philological perspective in the study of "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Only in this way can we truly clarify the academic achievements of the "bet365 new customer offer" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Comment it、Thorough analysis of the characteristics of comments。That’s the only way，Only then can we write a relatively complete "History of the Study of bet365 new customer offer in the Ming Dynasty" and "History of the Study of "bet365 new customer offer" in the Qing Dynasty"。

　　(The author is an associate professor at the School of Liberal Arts, Capital Normal University)