Wang Ningsheng (1930-2014)，National Archeologist。Jiangsu Guanyun people，Born in Nanjing。Graduated from the Department of History of Peking University in 1959，Leave school to teach。The Department of History Department of the Central Ethnic Academy of the Central University for the following year，Participate in Maowen, Sichuan、Liangshan、Northwest Guizhou、National Survey in Northeast Yunnan。In 1964 to the Institute of History of Yunnan Province。In 1979, I was transferred to Yunnan National College。Research on ethnic archeology and cultural anthropology for a long time。Main works include "The Discovery and Research on Yunnan Archeology", "The Discovery and Research on the Cangyuan Cliff Painting in Yunnan", "Collection of National Archeology", "Copper Drums and Southern Nations", "History and Culture of Southwest China", etc.。

Mr. Wang Ningsheng in his studies，Blending ethnic and archeological research methods，Forms a personal unique academic characteristics。His book "Yunnan Archeology"，Learn me about the archeological history of Yunnan and the history of Yunnan，benefit a lot。Mr. Wang's early research on Cangyuan Rock painting，It also left a deep impression for me。

Mr. Wang has not studied many research on Naxi，But several of his studies，It is particularly important for Naxi Studies。He published the papers "The Naxi people from the New Certificate of the Dragons" in the 5th issue of "Ideological Front" in "Ideological Front" introduced the bet365 best casino games Dongba teaching wood brand，Reading makes people refreshing。On the rituals of various Dongba religions，You can see a unique religious art wonders，Various altars with complicated names are made with pine woods in various altars，25-40 cm long、Wood sign 4-5 cm wide，Delivery on it、colorful pictures。At the water source of some forests,，You will also see this kind of wooden card painting inserted around the water。This is the pest of the Nasis people used to sacrifice the elves of nature (SVQ)，According to legend, the water source is one of their favorite habitats。This strange religious wood brand painting has a long history，Mr. Wang Ningsheng thinks in this article，Dongba teaching wooden painting and human face -shaped wooden sign unearthed from the Han Dynasty site in the northwest of our country have inheritance relationships。The wooden sign unearthed from the northwest is called "human face -shaped wooden sign", "wooden" or "杙"。1906-1908，Stan's first discovery in the Dunhuang Han Dynasty's。1927-1934，China、The Northwest Scientific Inspection Troupe of Sweden was excavated when he was in the Yanhan Dynasty site，There are a lot of unearthed this object。In the 1970s, a large number of Han Dynasty Jane and cultural relics unearthed from Juyan，There is also this kind of wooden sign。Human face -shaped wooden sign is generally 20-25 cm long、4-5 cm wide，Cutting one end to cut one end，As a flat head or wedge -shaped head at the other end，Draw a person image with black and red two colors on it，Extreme 狰。This kind of wooden card shape is generally the same as that of Dongba teaching wooden card paintings，It is also used for inserting ground sacrifice，Just as far as the painting Bet365 app download is concerned，Human face -shaped wooden sign is much simpler than Dongba teaching wood cards。Dunhuang and Juyan have belonged to the scope of the ancient people's activities since ancient times，Wooden card painting ghosts and gods to sacrifice the customs，Originally the ancient customs of the Qiangren，As the descendants of the ancients, the Naxi people followed this ancient customs。

After reading this article from Mr. Wang Ningsheng，The author began to pay attention to some research at home and abroad，Also noticed some unique features of Dongba teaching wood brand paintings。The human face -shaped wooden sign unearthed in the Han Dynasty only uses black and red two -color to draw a variety of strange ghosts and gods，and the content of the Dongba wooden card is rich and complicated，Collection of various gods and ghosts、Persons and nature things together，Some also show the content of the pictograph，The image of ghosts and gods is more detailed。Visible，Dongba Muzai painting is a form of religious painting in the basis of ancient 羌。Dongba drawing pictographs are called "Suro Lu"，That is "the traces on the wood and the stone" or "the record of wood，Stone Record "，This also means that the paintings and symbols on the stone (such as rock paintings) and the paintings and symbols on the wooden sign may be the oldest form and carrier of the Naxi people。

I later studied books in foreign countries，Such as "Tibetan History of Tibet Benism" in Hofman in Germany and Du Qi's "Tibetan Religion" and other books found that Tibetan religion also uses a pointed wooden painting，Divine and other patterns are painted above。There is a close relationship between the religion and Naxi Dongba teaching，And both are related to the religious culture of the Bet365 lotto review ancient people。Tubo documents reflected in the Tibetan native culture unearthed in Dunhuang also found that it is extremely similar to the content of the Dongba Jing。These can be used as the evidence of the relationship between "human face -shaped wooden sign" unearthed from Dunhuang and other places and the relationship between Dongba teaching wooden sign。French anthropologist Christina's survey mentioned，Naxi (Mosuo) Wizard Daba's practice，He always places a vase that inserts an artemisia branch on the altar or on the ground、A few butter lamps、A few glasses of wine、Water purification、a few bowls of cream、Salt、Tea、White rice and Budu，As a tribute to God。The right time is time，Daba will add several Yu Le (yu le) dual or a few grass people。If he still has other religious utensils，It will also use the unspolished wooden sign "Kuaper"，This is a wooden sign for religious rituals，The Naxi people call it "K’O-BUU)。

Mr. Wang Ningsheng also wrote "The Bone Bone Bone of the Yi and the Naxi -Re -Discussing Ancient Oracle Divination Customs"，A comparison of the three types of sheep bone bones in the same way，This comparative study，Further expanded the Yi Yi、Research on the method of the Naxi and Oracle sheep bone divination。In this study，I also see the rigor of Mr. Wang academic。His October 1961、September 1962, I went to Lijiang twice in September 1962，To Dongba and Junchang, who is over the years,、He Fang understands Dongba's sheep bone，Mr. Wu Jiren in Lijiang helps to translate，Record "Book of Dongba Sheep Bone Book"。Mr. Wang said in the annotation of this paper: "This book was originally a reporter and Jun Chang、He Fangkou describes the big meaning，recorded by the author。Since I don’t understand bet365 live casino games Dongbawen，I am afraid that there will be mistakes，In the past briefing, only a few numbers were given as an example，The book has not dared to announce it so far。This time Cheng Yingnan History Research Institute and Mr. Zhiwu re -review，Last finalization。Thank you for。”

Mr. Wang Ningsheng through comparative research，Drawing the conclusion: "In the ancient mainland oracle customs and the Liangshan tribe、The Naxi sheep bone Bone comparishes and compares one by one，Our impression is，Ancient Bone Bang is still in the stage of direct burning without repair (especially like the cultural bone of the Qi family)，and the southwest of these ethnic minorities that have been preserved in many aspects of sheep bones are consistent，Just in the Yin Shang period，Not only does the turtle shell，And developing a set of repair drilling technology，and engraved on the oracle bone，Caused the specific method of divination，Different from the two。Even so，I have used the buried bone，The name of Bu Zhao，The principle of interpretation，The phenomenon of Doru，Book of the Book，Pay attention to the aspect of sheep bones，Ancient and modern can still be confirmed。This once again proves that the ancient Tongbu and the southwest ethnic minority sheep bone has a common source。”

During 1961-1962，Mr. Wang Ningsheng twice went to northern Yunnan to engage in national survey and archeological survey，Although there was no research on Tibetan Buddhist temple at that time，But because of the keen and thinking of scholars，His Guihua Temple (Songzanlin) in Zhongdian (now Shangri -La)、The five temples of Lijiang -Fuguo Temple、Wenfeng Temple、refers to Yun Temple、Puji Temple、Yufeng Temple and other bet365 best casino games temples conducted research，Written "Remembering Several Lama Temple in Northwest Yunnan"。After the founding of New China，The academic community rarely has detailed research on the above -mentioned Tibetan Buddhist temples，So，Mr. Wang’s research report is more precious and important。I have made some surveys on the five major temples of Lijiang in the 1990s，Deeply feels the lack of previous information，Mr. Wang Ningsheng's National Chronicle Examination Information，Make up the lack of research materials for these Tibetan Buddhist temples in the 1960s。

Mr. Wang Ningsheng is also the earliest scholar to investigate the earliest investigation of the other in the Yongsheng County of Lijiang City。He conducted a national science survey of his residence from September to October 1962 to October 1962，A total of 10 natural villages surveyed、A marriage history survey of 307 households' family of Lu people，Focus on investigating 10 typical households。His survey is mainly family and marriage，After deep investigation，In 1983, a survey report was released at the "Southwest National Research"。

May 2000，I and Wang Ningsheng、Mr. Lin Chaoming at the National Far East Cultural Relics Museum in Sweden、Department of Oriental Linguistics at Stockholm University、Longde University East Asia、Invitation of the Southeast Asian Research Center，Go to Sweden for a lecture visit。Intera，We have repeatedly participated in an international academic seminar that focuses on the theme of the Southwest Nationality of China。This trip to Sweden，I found the two major characteristics of Mr. Wang Ningsheng，First, his English is good，You can speak in English at an international academic conference。Second, he likes to record carefully。bet365 Play online games This gives me a deep revelation。Mr. Wang's "Shin Kunlun, don't have a mountain -Selection of Overseas Study Diary"，is the result of its while walking。

Go abroad this time，We have discussed some problems together，I feel Mr. Wang Ningsheng's rigorous academic attitude and keen thinking, as well as broad ideas and vision。He can send people from some archaeological materials that are not noticeable for others，sharply found very valuable questions。His ethnic archeology achievements in the ethnicity and proves in ethnicology and archeological materials，Most of them are pushed by the academic community，This is very reasonable。

　　Bet365 app download