Wu Zongguo，Famous Historian。Author of "Study on the Imperial Examination System of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty", "A Brief History of the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties", "bet365 bonus code louisiana Taizong and the Rule of Zhenguan", "bet365 bonus code louisiana Xuanzong", "Research on Medieval Social Changes and Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana History", "The Endless bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty: History of the Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties II" Ten Lectures" etc.，Compiled "Research on the Bureaucratic Political System of Ancient China", "Research on the Political System of the Prosperous bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty", "The Rise and Fall of Chinese Feudal Dynasties (Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Volumes)", "Encyclopedia of China·Chinese History·History of the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties" and many other achievements and historical tools Book，Participated in writing the first edition of "Outline of Chinese History"，The "Outline of Chinese History (Updated Edition)" (volumes 1 and 2) that he presided over won the highest honor in the field of textbooks - the first prize of the first National Excellent Textbook Award。

Mr. Wu Zongguo (1934-2022), Peking University Research Center for Ancient Chinese History, is one of the senior scholars of the Peking University Medieval History Research Team，cultivated Liu Houbin for Peking University、Lei Wen、Meng Xianshi、Ye Wei、Chen Zhijian and a large number of outstanding scholars of medieval history。Mr. Wu also made great contributions to the academic field of bet365 bonus code louisiana history in my country，Served as a long-term director of the bet365 bonus code louisiana History Society of China (1986-2004)、Academic committee member of bet365 bonus code louisiana Research Foundation Series (1994-2007) and consultant of Renmin University of China's photocopied newspaper materials "History of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties" (2003-2008)。Mr. Wu’s research field mainly focuses on the history of the political system of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty，Has a wide range of influence at home and abroad。Overview of Mr. Wu Zongguo’s academic career，Can be clearly divided into four stages，In these four stages，Mr. Wu Zongguo’s academic achievements also have their own characteristics。

　　Writing bet365 bonus code louisiana textbooks

Mr. Wu Zongguo stayed at Peking University to teach after graduating from the Department of History in August 1958，Evaluated as lecturer in June 1979。During this period，Various colleges and universities have various textbooks published，Or published，There are also people who spread it only by mimeograph。Mr. Wu produced two textbooks during this period: one was the second volume of "Outline of Chinese History" edited by Mr. Jian Bozan (1898-1968) of the History Department of Peking University (first published by People's Publishing House in 1965)，Reprinted in 1979) The writing of the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties sections，He was the assistant of Mr. Wang Xun (1916-1966) at that time，Written under the leadership of Mr. Wang；The second is the Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties part of "Lecture Notes on Ancient Chinese History (Trial Draft)"，This is a manuscript of the lecture notes printed at Peking University in 1973。

Mr. Wu is in Jian、Participated in the compilation of "Outline of Chinese History" under the leadership of Mr. Wang Er，And thereafter he was responsible for compiling the "Lecture Notes on Ancient Chinese History" for school use，Not only laid the foundation for his decades of teaching career，It further shaped his basic characteristics in academic research，That is, the scientific use of Marxist historical concepts。In addition，The writing of Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana history in these two textbooks is also the beginning of Mr. Wu’s research on Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana history。

　　Participate bet365 bonus code louisiana compilation of character dictionary

After the reform and opening up，Mr. Wu Zongguo’s teaching and scientific research have entered a new stage。Mr. Wu was promoted to associate professor in May 1983，Added as master’s tutor in September 1986，Evaluated as professor in 1990。During this period，In addition to making steady progress in teaching，Mr. Wu also participated in the compilation of the popular character dictionary at the time。First, he served as the deputy editor-in-chief of the writing team of "Encyclopedia of China·Chinese History·History of the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties" (China Encyclopedia Press, 1988 edition)，Responsible for writing many articles。In addition, he participated in the compilation of some entries in the Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties in the "Dictionary of Chinese Military Figures" (Xinhua Publishing House, 1989 edition)。

The compilation of "Encyclopedia of China" was officially launched by the State Council in 1978，And established China Encyclopedia Publishing House to be responsible for publishing，The Editorial Committee of the Encyclopedia of China summons scholars to participate。The writing team of "History of Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties" was headed by Mr. bet365 bonus code louisiana Changru (1911-1994) of Wuhan University, who was the then president of the bet365 bonus code louisiana History Society of China，Zhang Gong, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Wang Yongxing of Peking University、Zhang Guangda、Wu Zongguo，Chen Zhongan of Wuhan University、Zhu Lei，Six Mr. Hu Rulei of Hebei Academy of Social Sciences serve as deputy editors。This lineup effectively ensures the academic level of this volume。

"The Dictionary of Chinese Military Figures" is a collaboration between 14 historians from the Chinese Academy of Military Sciences and Peking University，Major General Wu Rusong serves as editor-in-chief of the War Theory Research Department of the Academy of Military Sciences，Mr. Wu Zongguo is one of the editorial board members and is responsible for writing the articles on military figures during the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties periods。This dictionary also followed the dictionary compilation trend in the 1980s and 1990s，One of the achievements of my country’s military theory circles，Mainly provided for reading by grassroots commanders and fighters of the People's Liberation Army and the majority of military history enthusiasts。Full cooperation between the military system and the historical community，This ensures the quality of this dictionary。

By participating in the compilation of these two dictionaries，Mr. Wu Zongguo deepened his understanding of the political systems and historical figures of the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana, and Five Dynasties periods，Laid the foundation for the two biographies he wrote during this period，That is, "bet365 bonus code louisiana Taizong and the Rule of Zhenguan" (1986 edition by Bibliographic Literature Press) and "bet365 bonus code louisiana Xuanzong" (co-authored with Yan Shoucheng，Sanqin Publishing House 1989 edition)。"bet365 bonus code louisiana Taizong and the Rule of Zhenguan" is a thin booklet，A brief overview of bet365 bonus code louisiana Taizong’s life and his governance，Can be regarded as an expanded version of the dictionary character entry。"Xuanzong of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" is a 200,000-word book with a complete style、Rich content、In-depth biographies，Listed to Zhang Yuliang、"Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana History and Culture Series" edited by Hu Ji，Great impact，Multiple reprints。

　　System bet365 bonus code louisiana stage

Compiled teaching materials、After writing dictionaries and biographies，Mr. Wu Zongguo’s academic achievements reached their peak in the 1990s and early 21st century。This period，Mr. Wu not only published his representative work "Study on the Imperial Examination System of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" (Liaoning University Press, 1992 edition)，Also published "A Brief History of Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties" (Fujian People's Publishing House, 1998 edition)，He has edited various historical books and essays on political systems，Including the chronological history "History of the Rise and Fall of China's Feudal Dynasties Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties" (Guangxi People's Publishing House, 1996 edition)、"Research on the Political System of the High bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" (2003 edition by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House) and "Study on the Bureaucratic Political System of Ancient China" (2004 edition by Peking University Press) in the form of chapter collections。

Among them, "Research on the Imperial Examination System of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" is Mr. Wu's masterpiece，The book was evaluated by Mr. Zhang Guogang, the former president of the bet365 bonus code louisiana History Society of China, as "exquisitely expounded"，New ideas”，Not only “exploring the characteristics of the imperial examination system from changes”，Its "structural layout is also commendable"。Mr. Wang Chengwen, the current vice president of the bet365 bonus code louisiana History Society of China, once commented on the book as "a masterpiece that condenses the author's many years of hard work and careful conception"，And specifically pointed out that the book's "selection of subjects" in the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty is "one of the most glorious parts of the book"。Peking University Press republished the book in 2010 and 2022。Mr. Wu even got in touch with Mr. Fu Xuancong (1933-2016) who wrote "Imperial Examinations and Literature in the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" (Shaanxi People's Publishing House, 1986 edition) because of this book，Became the "Twin Stars" in the field of research on the imperial examination system in the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty。

After this，Mr. Wu Zongguo further explored the entire political system of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty。Among them, "A Brief History of the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana, and Five Dynasties" belongs to one of the "University History Series" edited by Mr. Zhou Liang，It is positioned in university history textbooks，And it was also written by Mr. Wu "on the basis of teaching the history of the Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties over the years"，It can be said to be a continuation of Mr. Wu’s early history textbook stage。This book has been used as a textbook for Chinese history courses in some universities，and reprinted in 2006，Visible its importance。

In addition to organizing and publishing my own lecture notes，Mr. Wu Zongguo also cooperates with the students he mentors，Written two dynasty histories of the Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties with different emphasis。Among them，"The Rise and Fall of China's Feudal Dynasties Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties" is more focused on the rise and fall of politics in terms of overall structure and writing，Does not involve economic and cultural aspects。"Research on the Political System of the High bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" puts more emphasis on the evolution of various systems。In addition，The previous part is more for the public，The latter part is more suitable for academic reference。These two different writing styles have trained Mr. Wu’s students’ writing experience in different aspects。As for "Research on the Bureaucratic Political System of Ancient China"，It is a collaboration between Mr. Wu and colleagues from the History Department of Peking University，Contains political systems of various eras，Mr. Wu Zongguo wrote the introduction，His student Liu Houbin was specifically responsible for the Sui, bet365 bonus code louisiana and Five Dynasties parts of the text。

　　Revised and reprinted old work

June 1999，bet365 bonus code louisiana. Wu officially retires。After entering the 21st century，bet365 bonus code louisiana. Wu still refuses to accept his old age，Therefore, there are the two aforementioned editor-in-chief works in the early 21st century。In addition，The country gradually attaches great importance to humanities and social sciences，The publishing of academic works is also becoming more and more prosperous，Many scholars’ old works from the 1980s and 1990s have been republished after careful revision。

Revisions of these old works by Mr. Wu，Dating back to the revision of the "Outline of Chinese History" in 1995 by the People's Publishing House。Afterwards，Peking University Press has republished a batch of Mr. Wu’s old works。For example, the Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties part of Volume 1 of "Outline of Chinese History (Updated Edition)" (Peking University Press 2006 edition)、"The Truth about Emperor Xuanzong of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" (retitled from "Xuanzong of the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty"，Peking University Press 2009 edition)、"Study on the Imperial Examination System in the bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty" (Peking University Press 2010 Edition、2022 edition) etc.。If reprinted or revised by other publishers，For example, "Son of the Prosperous bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty: The Success and Failure of bet365 bonus code louisiana Xuanzong" (Shanxi People's Publishing House 2022 Edition), which was also retitled from "bet365 bonus code louisiana Xuanzong"，The quantity will be more。Revision of this kind of old work，On the one hand, it reflects the influence of Mr. Wu’s academic works，On the other hand, it is also a demonstration of Mr. Wu’s vigorous academic life after retirement。

Except for reprints of old works，There are also old articles republished。Mr. Wu Zongguo contributed two summative works to the academic world in the last stage of his life: One is "The Endless bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasty: Twenty Lectures on the History of the Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana Dynasties" (Peking University Press 2020) based on previous lectures Year Edition)，This can be regarded as a summary of his early years from writing textbooks to cultivating talents；The second is "Research on Social Changes in Medieval Times and Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana History" (2019 edition of Zhonghua Book Company), which is a collection of papers published over the years in the fields of Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana history.，This is his masterpiece in the field of Sui and bet365 bonus code louisiana history research。

In short，Looking at the life of Mr. Wu Zongguo，Getting started with writing textbooks in youth，Middle-aged put his knowledge into use in dictionary compilation，The prime of life is even more important in the study bet365 bonus code louisiana history of ancient Chinese institutions、Deeply cultivated in the fields of imperial examination culture research and other fields，And keep improving in your later years，Continuously revising old works，Finally everyone。

(Author’s unit: bet365 bonus code louisiana Wenming Research Institute of Shaanxi Normal University)