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The “Lao Piao tribe” has obvious de-gendered bet365 sign up offer characteristics

May 08, 2020 05:28 Source: "Chinese bet365 sign up offer Sciences Journal" Issue 1921, May 8, 2020 Author: Jiao Can, Wang Yixin, Chen Rongruo

　　With the development of China’s economy and society，More and more elderly people are taking care of their children and third generation，Actively or passively stay away bet365 sign up offer home，Come to the big city，This group is called the "Laopiao Tribe"。In recent years，The "Laopiao Clan" is maintaining an increasing number of people，Exhibiting new characteristics。According to the "China Migrant Population Development Report 2018"，Originally, more "Lao Piao" appeared as floating population，Many have changed bet365 sign up offer floating population to permanent population。With the increase of the permanent population of "Laopiao people"，His physical and mental health attracted the attention of the government、Attention bet365 sign up offer society and academia。

　　Factors affecting the mental health bet365 sign up offer elderly

　　Research has shown，Understand bet365 sign up offer、Loneliness and psychological resilience are the main factors affecting the mental health of the elderly。“Laopiao people” are an important group of the elderly，The less bet365 sign up offer they understand、The higher the loneliness level、The lower the psychological flexibility，The lower the level of physical and mental health。

　　Different from actual bet365 sign up offer，Understand bet365 sign up offer refers to the help and support individuals feel from social relationships and social interactions、Expectations and evaluations of bet365 sign up offer，and belief in possible bet365 sign up offer。Loneliness refers to the feeling of being in a strange place、A kind of loneliness that occurs when you are in a closed or special environment、Loneliness、Unpleasant negative emotional experience。Psychological resilience refers to individuals facing adversity、Trauma、Tragedy、Good adaptation process in times of threat or other significant stress，The ability to rebound from difficult experiences，It can be improved through learning，Also affected by individual external environmental factors。

　　Multiple domestic and foreign studies show，Perception of bet365 sign up offer has significant gender differences before old age，Generally speaking，Women perceive higher levels of bet365 sign up offer than men。The impact of gender on loneliness remains controversial，A study found that women have higher levels of loneliness than men，Some studies have also found that men are higher than women，But in general, most studies show that gender can significantly affect loneliness。There are also gender differences in psychological resilience，Some studies have found that women have higher levels of psychological flexibility than men，For example, left-behind girls are neglected more than boys，But the mental health level is higher than that of boys；Among adults who have experienced severe stress and adversity，Females have a higher rate of successful adaptation than men。Other research found，Men have higher psychological flexibility than women，Especially in the two characteristics of autonomy and unyielding。

　　The reasons for gender differences are mainly due to innate biological differences。In recent years，The research results of brain science have also been confirmed。According to social cognition and social role theory，The acquired socialization process can also lead to gender differences。It can be said，The socialization process based on innate biological differences ultimately leads to the formation of gender differences。In the process of socialization，Individuals will conform their behavior to social expectations by imitating individuals of the same sex or adopting socially expected gender role standards。Both Eastern and Western cultures believe that，Women are more sensitive to interpersonal relationships、It’s easier to feel caring，Men need to be strong and independent、Avoid being emotional。Therefore，No matter in which cultural framework，Compared to men，Women are more concerned about their social and interpersonal relationships，Able to be more actively involved in establishing and maintaining various relationships，You can also feel more supported by various sources in life，Others will also have more emotional communication with women，Provide more help for women。At the same time，Women are more likely to be psychologically dependent and more sensitive，Easier to be depressed when social relationships are damaged；And men follow masculinity、Typical gender role of independence，Do not express emotional needs easily，It is more difficult to establish close social relationships，It is more difficult to obtain bet365 sign up offer。

　　“Laopiao people” understand bet365 sign up offer and other aspectsThe bet365 sign up offer desexualization appears

　　The Pearl River Delta is the main gathering area for my country’s floating population，Shenzhen’s population mobility is more obvious。This study takes the “Laopiao people” in various communities in Shenzhen as the research objects，Survey using random sampling，A total of 436 "Lao Piao tribe" participated，265 of them are bet365 sign up offer，171 males，Excluding illiterate elderly。

　　Perceived bet365 sign up offer measurement tool adapted from Blumenthal et al. 1987、Perceived bet365 sign up offer Scale translated into Chinese by Jiang Qianjin,PSSS）。This scale has 12 self-evaluation items，The total score range is 12-84 points；Family support、Friend support and other support (including leadership、Relatives、Colleagues) three dimensions。The higher the score on the dimensions and the total scale，The higher the degree of perceived bet365 sign up offer。

　　bet365 sign up offer was measured using the UCLA bet365 sign up offer Scale Third Edition，20 questions in total。Compared to the previous two editions，This version reduces the reading ability requirements required to understand the entries。The third edition of the UCLA bet365 sign up offer Scale can be applied to all types of people。

　　Psychological resilience was measured using the Resilience Scale-14 translated by Ni Qianyu et al.。This scale has 14 items in total，Total score 14-98 points，The higher the score，The better the bet365 sign up offer。

　　It can be seen from measurement and data analysis: the bet365 sign up offer of "Lao Piao"、Degendering both loneliness and resilience。In terms of understanding bet365 sign up offer，Total average scores of elderly people of different genders (p=0.931) and the average scores of each dimension have no statistical difference。Women’s average total score is 59.70，Men’s average total score is 59.59。In-home support、Friend support and other support in three dimensions，The average score for women is 20.15、19.34 and 20.22，The average score for men is 20.42、19.26 and 19.91。In terms of loneliness，Female average score 44.05，Male average score 43.29，No statistical difference (p=0.340）。In terms of psychological flexibility，Female average score 49.92，Male average score 51.27，There is no significant difference (p=0.062）。

　　Analysis of the de-gendered bet365 sign up offer characteristics of “Lao Piao”

　　On the one hand，As the human body ages，The metabolism of hormone-secreting cells gradually weakens，Hormone levels will also decrease。Testosterone levels and oxytocin levels have a great influence on social behavior。Testosterone is a male hormone，The secretion volume of adult men is 20 times that of women。Oxytocin is known as the love hormone and intimacy hormone，Plays an important role in human emotional connection and other social behaviors，Oxytocin levels are significantly higher in women than in men。Testosterone levels in men decrease every year after age 40，The ovaries begin to shrink when a woman is about 45 years old,Resulting in a sudden drop in estrogen secretion levels。As we age，The difference in sex hormones in older men and women gradually decreases，Understand bet365 sign up offer、Psychological flexibility is correspondingly de-gendered。On the other hand，Chinese working men are overly concerned with authority and hierarchy，Continue to pursue achievements，As we age，Loss of social roles (for example, most men and women change from job seekers to retirees、Change from caring for children to being cared for)，The impact of gender role norms will be reduced，They are also gradually returning to their families，Achievement orientation gradually transforms into an interpersonal orientation。As we age，Women’s interpersonal circle is gradually shrinking，Understand that sources of bet365 sign up offer will also gradually decrease。Therefore，There is no statistical significance in the difference in perceived bet365 sign up offer among the elderly between different genders。In addition，Due to changes in social roles and physical and mental functions，Both men and women have decreased levels of self-confidence and mental satisfaction，And the common pressures are limited to daily life，The influence of internal and external factors on psychological flexibility will also converge，Therefore, the gender difference in psychological flexibility is not obvious。

　　It’s worth noting，The de-gendered phenomenon of loneliness among “old drifters” is unique。Domestic and foreign studies have shown，Female seniors have higher loneliness levels than males，There are significant gender differences。However，This study shows that there is no gender difference in the loneliness of "Lao Piao"。This is mainly because the "Laopiao tribe" left their homeland，Coming to a foreign land，Stay away from the original bet365 sign up offer network，And limited by existing living habits and dialect，It is difficult to integrate into the community and establish new close relationships in a short period of time。At the same time，The "Laopiao tribe" came to a foreign land，Regardless of gender，All need to participate in heavy and unaccustomed housework。This reduces the time for men to participate in bet365 sign up offer activities。The most important thing is，For the "Laopiao tribe"，Neighborhood relationship is different from the accustomed acquaintance society，Neighborhood interpersonal relationships in the city are becoming alienated and isolated。Therefore，The loneliness among “old drifters” appears to be de-gendered。

　　Research from Europe and the United States，Older women have higher perceptions of bet365 sign up offer and psychological flexibility than older men。This is not consistent with the conclusion in this study that the psychological characteristics of "Lao Piao" are de-gendered，The main reason lies in the existence of cultural differences。Individuals under collectivism believe that they are interdependent entities embedded in a social network，Individuals under individualism believe that they are independent，Building bet365 sign up offer through self-construal，This difference helps understand psychological processes related to relationships。bet365 sign up offer under individualism mainly comes from core family members、Close friends and other close relationships，bet365 sign up offer under collectivism will also come from the entire family and friends，And bet365 sign up offer from acquaintances often plays an important role in daily life。Confirmed by foreign research，Women are more influenced by their friends in perceiving bet365 sign up offer，Men are more affected by their families。Therefore，Chinese male retirement under collectivism、Understanding that sources of bet365 sign up offer change with changes in social relationships after relocation，Under individualism, foreign men’s understanding of sources of bet365 sign up offer after retirement will not change significantly，So the level of perceived bet365 sign up offer is still lower than that of women。

　　Because respecting and serving the elderly regardless of gender is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation，Both men and women and the elderly are more likely to internalize that they are more vulnerable、The concept of needing support。At the same time，As part of psychological resilience，The elderly’s coping strategies are protective、Restore、The role of adaptation and individual development，Individual quality will in turn affect psychological flexibility。Under individualism, foreign elderly people have fewer restrictions，There are more coping strategies，And bet365 sign up offer roles and gender stereotypes still exist, giving men more choices，Therefore, men may have greater psychological flexibility than women。However，"Laopiao tribe" regardless of gender，All will take on the important responsibility of taking care of their children and grandchildren，Everyone will be affected by their children、Restrictions due to family and other factors，Therefore, there are no obvious gender differences in coping strategies。

　　(This article is part of the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund ("Climbing Plan" Special Fund) project "Drifting to a foreign land at sunset: Investigation and intervention on the mental health status of the 'Lao Piao'" (pdjh2020b0513)、Phased results of the key project of humanities and bet365 sign up offer science research in general universities in Guangdong Province "Hidden Power: Laopiao Mental Health and Happy City Construction" (2018WZDXM015)

　　(Author’s Affiliation: School of Psychology, Shenzhen University、Shenzhen Senior High School)

Editor: Chang Chang

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