We are all familiar with a story in the history of philosophy: one morning in 1889，Nietzsche saw an old horse in the square of Turin and was whipped by a carriage.。Nietzsche suddenly rushed forward，Crying and runny nose holding the horse's neck，Sitting on the ground immediately、mental abnormality。In the same year, he lived in a mental hospital，I have never fully recovered throughout my life。Actually，In Totukevsky's masterpiece "Sin and Punishment"，There is a similar scene: the protagonist Lascolnikov dreams that the drunkard of his hometown will abuse a thin horse to death to death。Nietzsche has read this novel，and praise Thamevsky as the only psychologist who benefits him a lot。

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Some psychologists may not be able to see the great philosopher wither and fall，Therefore, he arranged another destiny for him。Irvin D. YALOM, an honorary professor at Stanford University in Stanford University.，In his book "Dang Nietzs Cry"，Austrian psychiatrist Josef Breuer, who is also a teacher and friend of Freud, tried to via the middle class value，Talking Cure with the help of "The Talking Cure" to redeem Nietzsche。Broyer first explained psychological learning to Nietzsche's superhuman philosophy，"(Nietzsche) Any expression of positive emotions as a transmission of power，The initiative is being taken away "。Nietzsche "The Power of Power" has been understood as an active right to express positive emotions。

Due to Nietzsche's strong power will，After hypnosis and conversation therapy failed to work，Broyer Change the treatment strategy，Interchange role with Nietzsche。As a therapist, Nietzsche pointed out that Broyer "stands outside of life"，The prescription he prescribed is to let Broyer re -design his own life。But the prescription of the philosopher is obviously full of risks and the price is huge，Broyer saw the tragic end of his designed life from Freud's assistance，Fat back to the fulfilling Bet365 lotto review family of Burchoa's warmth from it。However, the frankness and warmth of the consultant finally melted the inner ice of this great lonely philosopher，Nietzsche, who wants to be a superman, acknowledged "You and I are mortal" in the smile of Broyl -"I just don't want to die alone，I don’t want my corpse，Discovered by someone from a bad smell "。The "impedance" of the patient is finally eliminated，He hugs him enthusiastically with the therapist。Nietzsche talked about Broyer: "I like this，No one has said to me。"Nietzsche was finally crying。At this time，That claims "Who will eventually shock the earth，It must be silent for a long time; who will ignite lightning，Nietzsche, who will be like a cloud for a long time ", can no longer be re -recognized，What we see seems to be a child who has forgiven the wrong thing by his mother。Last，The successful family who returns to Bulojia's warmth family secretly secretly secretly Brahoer，Smile giving away the tearful eyes and embarked on Nietzsche。This is a great metaphor: the curtain of the psychology era slowly opens，Emphasize autonomy、Security、harmonic、Positive psychology appears with the attitude of the winner。Nietzsche's superhuman philosophy is so lightly eliminated and deconstructed by psychology。After it seems to be slightly longer introduced，We raised an open question here: Can psychotherapy help Nietzsche? Do philosophers need psychological treatment?

　　Nietzsche Psychology

Actually，Nietzsche developed his own psychology。Say in his words，"My work shows that I am a psychologist without matching"。Nietzsche Psychology in the God of the Nihona and the Divine God、Health and disease、Dasman and Superman's tension，Entering the ideological path that is very different from psychoanalysis and humanistic psychology。The nature of the god Apollo world is "dream"。Nietzsche first revealed how ordinary people sink into the world of the gods built with dreams，The fantasy of the luminous person to beautify the world's appearance dazzling eyes。This dazzling appearance is shrouded Bet365 app download in the end of history、Psychological psychology，And those people who think I am me。and for the Diviolanisus，Its nature is "drunk"。It means the solution of the same sex，Reluctant from ready -made fixed things and sufficient reasons，"Easy joy to rise from the nature of nature"，With unknown knowledge，See the phase without phase。The ordinary person of the dream of Shen Yan in the god of the sun，"Due to lack of experience or slow senses，Concern to your own health，Avoid the passion of the wine god with ridicule or compassion。They "I can't think of，When the hot living of the wine god song team is boiling at them，How will their 'health' be miserable like a corpse，愰 愰 "。From the perspective of Nietzsche，The weakening of this life instinct means corruption。Vegetarians refuse to eat meat to avoid harmful substances，But so that the body cannot distinguish the harmful substances，so that there will be no corresponding resistance。so that there will be no corresponding resistance。Under the magic of the wine god，Not only people are united with people，Aliens、hostile、The slavery nature also re -celebrates her festival of reconciliation with her prodigal sons。"Dedication of its tribute automatically on the earth，The beasts in the desert of Dangerous Cliff also come to the country。The car of the wine god is full of hundreds of flowers and flowers，Tiger and Leopard control it drives it。”

Actually，Nietzsche tries to redefine all traditional values ​​in the drunk eyes opened by the wine god，and then open the history of human existence (Superman)。Not long before "crazy"，Ni Cai wrote as "Enemy Christians"。The last sentence of this book is: "People calculate time，—— Starting from the first day of Christianity! —— but why not start from its last day?。Under the master of Hebrew religion and Greek philosophy，Western civilization has been committed to finding the smallest connotation、The largest ultimate entity with extension。It is the soul of the world of the unmoved promoter，I think the subject with absolute self -confidence，or the absolute spirit of self Bet365 lotto review -exteriorization and return to its own。In this sense，Whether psychoanalysis or humanistic psychology，All belong to the composition link of the Western cultural value chain。Nietzsche exactly attribute the starting point of this chain to "Start of Doom"。Because it involves the poverty and paleness of the same sex in the same sex, because it。Milan Kundera understands this，Only means to evaluate the way，Nietzsche's mental abnormality is "Nietzsche apologizes to this horse for Descarta"。

From the perspective of Nietzsche，Western traditional culture respects the knowledge system and technical operation process。But the foundation it can establish is not absolute truth and the only moral，but the power struggle of perspectiveism。"As long as the word‘ know ’is really meaningful，The world can be recognized: but the world can explain differently，It has no implicit meaning，but has countless meaning，This is ‘Perspectism’。It is our need to explain the world: our desire，​​and its approval and opposition。Every desire is a dominant desire，All have your own perspective，I want to take my perspective as a specification，Strong to other desires。"The same perspective of the same sex wants to use itself as a specification，Strong to above all things，Just like psychoanalysis wants to use itself as a specification，Strong on Nietzsche。However, what is truth and morality，Nietzsche gave his own standards。What is truth? "‘ Real ’: From the perspective of sensation -it is the most intense stimulation of feeling (‘ self ’)。In terms of moral standards，"What is good? -The feeling of improving power、The will of power、and even the power of people "。People with the courage to use these two standards，It may become the so -called Superman Nietzsche。If ordinary people are research objects of traditional psychology，So this kind of human existence of human existence is the subject of the liberation of Nietzsche psychology。"Nietzsche -style Superman，Although too slim，But in the facts of the world's existing races，But you can be convinced that there will always be a Bet365 lotto review particularly noble and near -successful human appearance in the future。until then，Human apes，Afraid of adding the word "Ape -like"。"(Lu Xun) and Nietzsche's" Charatustra said "has clearly said that Superman's evolutionary theory of the Superman has surpassed:" I teach you ‘Superman’，People are something to be surpassed，What did you do to surpass him? ... What is the ape for others?，For ‘Superman’，‘People’。... Man is a polluted river。In order to accept this dirty river, it does not cause self -pollution，People must be the sea。... Superman is this sea; your big contempt will sink in the sea。"Lu Xun almost re -engraved Nietzsche's words。Superman as the meaning of the earth reminds us，We are not worried about how to "treat" adults，It is not a machine to surpass people at the time of the strange point，but people sink to ordinary people，and even people becomes a machine。

　　"Treatment into a person"

Founder and the first dean of Wuhan Zhongde Psychological Hospital Zeng Qifeng once tried another book "Schopenhua's Treatment"。From Mr. Zeng，The protagonist in the book "Philip to get rid of the control of desire，Help Schopenhua，The result became a monster with only thought。In the treatment team of Julis，He first played the role of being cured by Schopenhauer，and try to help others in a similar way。Unfortunately，No one likes him，He did not really stay away from pain himself。Later，In his emotional emotion，To be precise, it is after being activated as an ordinary man's emotion，Schopenhauer's Ideological Building collapsed，A real person was born "。Philosophy and thoughts to Mr. Zeng，"In almost any sense，All areolation of emotions and isolation relationships "，"Fortunately, there are psychotherapy in the world ... the goal of psychotherapy is to make the visitors accept the status quo as a person、Some people's emotions and people's relationship "。Good words，But what is "a person's current situation"? What is "human emotion and relationship"?，What are "people"? Is it the "psychologist" image provided by "good Bet365 app download ... good ... psychotherapy"?，"Is it treated as a person"?

Actually，In Alon's world，Individuals who adapt to capitalism have been incorporated into the burden of social health insurance、The psychological counseling and therapeutic machine (Therapeutic Appaatus) for "unconditional positive attention" will be given。After psychological treatment and repair，They are returned to the capitalist reproduction system again。Such a comprehensive and elastic "therapeutic regime" as a new form of capitalist governance，Make the proletarian revolutionary agenda be held again。Just as Han Bingzhe keenly pointed out in his "Burnstone Society"，Active dogma seal all sensory。From this，The collective action of changing the world's hope to change the world is now psychologically involved in individual pursuit of self -realization。And this system is not afraid of these individuals for individuality or different psychological needs，It promises to provide products that can be consumed for the implementation of various needs of individual needs。At this point, Adono saw a blood -blooded evaluation: "A technology that intend to treat their bourgeois illusions further allows them。It train those who encourage them to defeat their instincts as this destructive and useful part。"" and even the psychoanalysis of Nietzsche philosophy，Also often belongs to a part of this healing chain。Freud has a famous saying，"WO ES War, Soll Ich Werden "(where it was, Shall I be)。Jones translated it into "Where is there，Where you have yourself "。The translation of Princess Posaba is，"Self will definitely take me and replace me"。and Lacan translate it into it，"Where it is，I will generate it there "。This means that its psychoanalysis is committed to strengthening the power of self，Use rationality to control irrational、Desire of Libi Duo，Make people liberate from his unconscious shackles，to eliminate various depression and neurosis。"The ultimate goal of psychoanalysis treatment is to accept the principles of reality，This means that the individual bet365 best casino games accepts civilization for its instincts，Especially the control of sexual desire "。Psychoanalysis of the same logic sword in the front door and Western civilization，But in a blink of an eye to get around the back door and shake hands and。So Nietzsche is destined to be lonely。Nietzsche is a great philosopher standing on the top of the lonely peak，not the secular visitor who floats in the red dust waves。If you want to understand Nietzsche's thoughts，You need to adapt to the cold air at the high place，Adapt to the existence of severe winter in all senses、Sky frozen and alpine mountains。

　　(This article is a major project of the National Social Science Fund "Study on the Overall Logic and Strategic Path of Building a Socialist Cultural Power in 2035" (21ZDA072) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Xiamen University)