The governance of China is the governance system and path of governance with Chinese characteristics。Realize the rule of China，It is necessary to construct an independent knowledge system of philosophy and bet365 sign up offer sciences that can explain its practical characteristics and lead its development。Psychology as a pivotal discipline，Both natural sciences、Triple attributes of bet365 sign up offer sciences and humanities，Also belongs to the camp of philosophy and bet365 sign up offer sciences，Obligated to continue to provide disciplinary wisdom for the governance of China。In several subdisciplines of psychology，bet365 sign up offer psychology is highly relevant to national governance and bet365 sign up offer governance modernization in terms of research topics，Inherently has the theoretical affinity to serve the governance of China，Should show greater achievements in the process of building China’s independent knowledge system，Become a ruler serving China、Develop original theories、Discipline pioneer in constructing knowledge system。

The separation and integration of two bet365 sign up offer psychological orientations

bet365 sign up offer psychology has always been divided into the bet365 sign up offer psychology of psychology and the bet365 sign up offer psychology of sociology。From a theoretical perspective，The former focuses on the impact of bet365 sign up offer situations on individual psychology and behavior，The center of its theory still focuses on the individual itself，The bet365 sign up offer situation is emphasized only as an external variable affecting the individual；The latter focuses on explaining individuals from the standpoint of "bet365 sign up offer/collective/cultural priority"，Focus on treating an individual’s current psychological content and behavioral performance as objective facts shaped by traditional culture and current systems。In research methods，The former focuses on using the dominant method of psychology, that is, the experimental method，Based on the precise manipulation and microscopic measurement of variables，Learn from the methods of imitating natural science to confirm small-scale causal relationships；The latter is more mixed in approach，Relatively speaking, it focuses on questionnaire surveys and typical case analysis。On problem solving strategies，The former is more inclined to adopt micro-change strategies，Such as changing an individual’s own characteristics (such as personal attitudes、Thinking sets, etc.)、Change the characteristics of the small group in which the individual lives (such as group atmosphere、Leadership style、Organizational culture, etc.)，Or change the characteristics of the stimuli that the individual is directly exposed to (such as changing the color of the trash can to promote garbage sorting、Use a visual method to present government information to facilitate public understanding, etc.)；The latter is more inclined to adopt macro design ideas，By linking individual or group issues with bet365 sign up offer systems, history and culture，Conceptualize these issues as “bet365 sign up offer issues”，And then seek overall changes in bet365 sign up offer systems and bet365 sign up offer mechanisms，Committed to creating institutional incentives for individual psychological and behavioral changes。

The differentiation and integration of two orientations of bet365 sign up offer psychology，The development process of bet365 sign up offer psychology spanning more than a hundred years from the beginning of the 20th century to the first two decades of the 21st century。In the process，Differentiation is the main thread，Integration is a secondary line；Integration exists more as a disciplinary vision，Often only when neither bet365 sign up offer psychology of the two orientations is able to explain or solve certain practical problems on its own，Only remembered and mentioned。Late 20th century，There are indeed some convergence trends between the two orientations of bet365 sign up offer psychology。This is mainly reflected in the increasingly profound ecological trend of psychological research，In research involving bet365 sign up offer psychology，The explanatory power of laboratory studies is gradually giving way to the explanatory power of field experimental studies，To strengthen the bet365 sign up offer and cultural attributes of individual behavior；Sociological and bet365 sign up offer psychological research continues to penetrate into the hinterland of psychological research，Learn from the theoretical resources of psychology to construct more comprehensive theoretical propositions，such as sociology of emotions、bet365 sign up offer Cognition、Behavioral decision-making and other topics are highly integrated with the methods and results of mainstream psychology。

Even so，The two orientations of bet365 sign up offer psychology are far from organic integration。Due to the theoretical perspective of the two parent disciplines of psychology and sociology involved、There are fundamental differences in the discipline system and other aspects，Limits the degree of integration that can be achieved as an intermediate discipline in bet365 sign up offer psychology，Thus also limits its ability to explain and promote bet365 sign up offer practice。

The bet365 sign up offer construction path from paradigm center to problem center

The history and reality of “division is stronger than unity” in two orientations of bet365 sign up offer psychology，In fact, it reflects the adverse impact of paradigm fragmentation on the integration of disciplines。As the originator of the concept of "paradigm"，Science historian Kuhn himself thinks so，Paradigms are just different interpretations of the world by different scientific communities based on different values，There is incommensurability between paradigms，It is also impossible to make a simple comparison of advantages and distinguish right from wrong。This definition model of paradigm，Already implicit in the potential claim that paradigms do not need to be integrated。This assertion is important for developing a theoretically specific body of knowledge，has its own positive functions，Because this relativistic stance provides methodological comfort for philosophical and bet365 sign up offer science researchers to construct unique theoretical systems based on their own understanding，Thus contributing to the independence of subject branches and the innovation of theoretical knowledge。But，This also weakens the communication motivation and cooperation demands between different disciplines to a certain extent。Since the paradigms at the bottom of the discipline are already incommensurable，You don’t have to use the method、Forced integration of themes and strategies，Researchers only need to focus on method innovation based on their own discipline paradigm、Refining the theme and proposing countermeasures，Without considering whether these theoretical results and action proposals can be coordinated with each other at the practical level、Mutual promotion。

The knowledge production model thus formed has the following characteristics: when different disciplines face the same bet365 sign up offer problem，Prefer to disciplinaryize it quickly、Normalization，By operationalizing real-life problems into research questions within the discipline，In order to carry out inward and in-depth theoretical analysis，Propose corresponding governance strategies。Under this model of academic division of labor and knowledge innovation，The evaluation criteria of its research results mainly come from the internal consensus of the disciplinary community，Rather than from the actual benefits of corresponding knowledge claims in bet365 sign up offer practice。In this way，There is a certain degree of isolation between the academic world and the bet365 sign up offer world。This kind of isolation naturally protects academic freedom and academic independence to a certain extent，But it also limits the practical influence of the discipline to a great extent。When experts in different subject areas communicate and propose solution strategies on the same bet365 sign up offer reality，Often eager to highlight their own subject characteristics，without paying attention to the ultimate effectiveness of these strategies in solving actual problems，It is also less possible to break away from the barriers of the discipline system to objectively measure the effectiveness of the strategies of this discipline relative to the strategies of other disciplines - because once it is considered not the best strategy to solve the problem，It is easy to damage the public image of the discipline，It is not conducive for researchers to demonstrate the bet365 sign up offer value of their own disciplines，This in turn is not conducive to this discipline obtaining the bet365 sign up offer resources needed to promote its own development。

However，If the differences between disciplines cannot be reasonably sorted out，Trying to reconcile the contradictions by only "shelving" without "resolving"，bet365 sign up offer will delay the resolution of real problems，Thus, in turn, bet365 sign up offer affects the credibility of all disciplines and the entire knowledge community in society。This actually illustrates how the "paradigm center" or "discipline center" way of thinking constitutes a complex tension that both promotes and restricts the development of the discipline。

What’s more important is，As Professor Chen Yanqing thinks，“Practical problems in bet365 sign up offer life often do not occur according to disciplines，A slightly more complicated question，Multiple disciplines will be involved when solving，Comprehensive research is needed”。This is the origin of the problem，This is especially true for proposing solutions to problems。In the face of complex practice，All theoretical paradigms are oversimplified。Strengthen communication and integration between paradigms，Perhaps it is not the inherent appeal of theory or subject development under Kuhn’s paradigm，But it must be an inherent requirement of bet365 sign up offer development and its governance process。Marx himself pointed out，“Philosophers just explain the world in different ways，The problem is to change the world”，It is intended to emphasize that theoretical research or knowledge claims should have necessary action character and practical functions。To change the world, we need joint efforts，But no micro-disciplinary paradigm and action plans based on these paradigms can provide all the power to help change the world。

　For this reason，bet365 sign up offer Psychology and Other Philosophy and bet365 sign up offer Sciences，All should be oriented towards the basic trends and specific practices of Chinese society and human society，Adjust the focus of the discipline around problems arising in reality、Optimize subject layout、Reconstructing the knowledge system。This requires the development of a problem-centered rather than paradigm-centered knowledge construction path。The "question" here，It should be more of a "big problem" that is external to the discipline itself and requires discipline wisdom to solve，It should not be a "small problem" within the scope of the discipline's internal vision，The ultimate criterion for problem solving does not lie in the new theoretical statements provided for related disciplines，But to what extent it provides practical wisdom for solving real problems。

Refining iconic bet365 sign up offer psychology concepts based on Chinese practice

Concept is the cornerstone of academics。There is no identifying concept belonging to this nation and culture，It is impossible to create an independent knowledge system。Refining and taking root in Chinese practice、Has academic depth、A series of iconic concepts that can be accepted by the international community，It is the development of philosophy and bet365 sign up offer sciences with Chinese characteristics、The key path to constructing China’s independent knowledge system，It also reflects the theoretical advantages of Chinese academic circles、The only way to achieve academic advantage and discourse advantage。

But it is at this point，The theoretical construction power and disciplinary influence of Chinese bet365 sign up offer psychology are still relatively lacking。Looking at the popular bet365 sign up offer psychology textbooks and research，Almost all the terms used are derived from Western psychology，Schema、self depletion、flow, etc.，The psychological experience or psychological characteristics it depicts are of course universal to a certain extent，But no matter from definition to translation，There is a certain gap between them and the psychological experience and cultural traditions of the Chinese。bet365 sign up offer psychology textbooks "assembled" through these concepts、Theory and knowledge，Of course it cannot be Chinese style、China’s independent knowledge system of meteorology。This is certainly not to exclude the use of these concepts，But it should be pointed out that we cannot rely on them to construct China’s independent bet365 sign up offer psychology system。

Vivid Practice of Chinese Governance，In fact, it has provided a historic opportunity to refine the concept of bet365 sign up offer psychology with Chinese characteristics。For example，The concept of bet365 sign up offer mentality represented by "sense of gain"，Has demonstrated the theoretical potential to become an iconic bet365 sign up offer psychological concept。As "the benchmark of good governance and the yardstick of good governance for national governance in the new era"，The word "sense of gain" has people-centered political connotations，But it still needs to use scientific methods to explore and theoretically explain。Conceptually，The sense of gain is inevitably related to the country’s governance investment (physical quantity) and the people’s subjective experience (psychological quantity)，How to scientifically measure the sense of gain in different governance areas，Accurately grasp the transformation law between the material input of governance and its psychological output and propose precise governance countermeasures，Both need to integrate the bet365 sign up offer psychological perspectives of the two orientations，Focus on individual psychological feelings，Also pay attention to bet365 sign up offer constraints，Thus improving governance efficiency。At the same time，Sense of gain and security、Happiness、A series of bet365 sign up offer psychological concepts such as the sense of justice are also intrinsically related，Both relevant and differentiated。Together they form the umbrella concept cluster of bet365 sign up offer mentality in the Chinese context，Provides conceptual material that can be further developed and utilized。How to develop a logically consistent bet365 sign up offer psychological theory that can govern these concepts，For explaining the institutional effectiveness of China’s national governance、Promoting the modernization level of national governance plays an important role that cannot be underestimated。Similar to this，The construction process of bet365 sign up offer psychological service system，It has also triggered a debate among academic circles about the similarities and differences between China’s unique “bet365 sign up offer psychological services” and the internationally accepted “mental health services”。How to understand this integration of mental health policy into bet365 sign up offer governance policy、The institutional practice of integrating the Healthy China Initiative into the Safe China Initiative，Then grasp the unique characteristics and universal value of China’s governance，The collective collaboration of bet365 sign up offer psychology researchers from psychology and sociology orientations is also needed，Thus jointly providing an explanation for the seeming contradiction、A theoretical framework for complementary governance practices。This constitutes another important way to develop bet365 sign up offer psychology theory with Chinese characteristics。

In short，Problems are the starting point of theoretical innovation、Source and destination。The process of Chinese-style modernization has created many unprecedented achievements，Also facing many complex and difficult problems。The process of solving these problems，It is the process of governance modernization，It is also a process of deepening academic theory。Refining the concepts of bet365 sign up offer psychology、Theoretical innovation and independent knowledge system construction，Only in the process of solving this type of problem，In order to obtain the greatest propulsion and produce the greatest bet365 sign up offer benefits，Thus developing a bet365 sign up offer psychological theory that serves the governance of China，And then promote the establishment of practices rooted in China、A discipline system that serves the Chinese people。

(This article is a phased result of the National bet365 sign up offer Science Fund key project "Research on Cyberspace Governance of the bet365 sign up offer Mentality of Doctors and Patients" (20ASH015)

(The author is a researcher at Nankai University Base of Tianjin Research Center for Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics、Professor of the Department of bet365 sign up offer Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University)