Terminology translation is an important path and method for human cross-language knowledge practice。Knowledge transfer caused by long-term and large-scale terminology translation practice、Language contact and cultural exchange，Has a profound impact on the historical and cultural development of the target society。In this regard，The climax of translation in China’s thousands-year translation history，Can provide real and vivid evidence。Whether it is the translation of Buddhist scriptures in Han or Tang dynasties、Scientific and technological translation in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties、Social science translation in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China，It is still a multi-disciplinary translation since the reform and opening up，Everyone is constantly injecting "new water" into the "long river" of Chinese culture。Term translations in these translation climaxes，is a key tool for “open source traffic”。History shows，Chinese culture is not only strong in its genes，And it is extremely tolerant and cultivating，The sea is open to all rivers，Endless life。However，In the development process of China’s subject bet365 bonus code indiana in modern times，Academic "modernity" enlightenment and cultivation continue to encounter the influence of "Western learning" translation。Over the past century，The terminology bet365 bonus code indiana of various disciplines that forms the basis of the Chinese discipline bet365 bonus code indiana，Most of them rely on varying degrees of cross-language transplantation of Western terminology systems，Evolved mainly with the help of terminology translation, a cross-language knowledge practice method。China’s modern academic culture continues to evolve during the “spread of Western learning to the east”，The genealogy of traditional Chinese knowledge is constantly being rewritten，Shows unique complexity in its internal logic and representational form。Facing the various problems brought about by this complexity，While we pay attention to the Chinese translation standards of terminology，We must also promote the foreign translation and international dissemination of Chinese original terminology。It can be said，Term translation creates basic conditions for the formation and development of China’s modern knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana，It will also be an important method for the construction of contemporary and future knowledge systems。

bet365 bonus code indiana particularity

From the perspective of human history，Specialization and professionalization of academic research are the prerequisites for the creation of modern disciplines。Disciplines are the product of modernity，It is the accumulation of knowledge and academic development to a certain stage，Knowledge inheritance、Objective requirements of communication and reproduction。The formation and development of disciplines are inseparable from knowledge production、Organization Building、Institutional guarantee and bet365 bonus code indiana improvement，But in the final analysis, it still lies in the systematization of subject knowledge。The logical starting point and value pursuit of discipline construction lies in knowledge inheritance and innovation，The level of discipline construction is a concrete reflection of the height of academic development and academic influence。The creation and development of modern Chinese disciplines，It is the result of the spread of knowledge in the modern trend of "Western learning spreading eastward"，Historical symbiosis with China’s modernization process。The passive encounter between Chinese traditional knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana and Western modern knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana，Objectively, it also brings about the collision of different civilizations。The traditional "Four Parts of Learning" increasingly exhibits the characteristics of "Westernization" of fractured continuation，The "seven subjects" can also be seen as a realistic effort to passively "Westernize" Chinese intellectual tradition。Among them，Large-scale practice of Chinese translation of foreign subject terms，Provided the foundation and key "building materials" for the construction of the "building" of China's modern subject bet365 bonus code indiana。

Discipline bet365 bonus code indiana、Academic bet365 bonus code indiana、The three discourse systems are mutually exclusive、Mutual support。The improvement and improvement of the subject bet365 bonus code indiana、Science and Innovation in Academic Systems、The stance and value of the discourse bet365 bonus code indiana，All can be reflected from the construction of the subject terminology bet365 bonus code indiana。Terms as linguistic symbols representing subject concepts，The bet365 bonus code indiana construction and development are related to the sound material foundation of the subject bet365 bonus code indiana、The knowledge characteristics of the academic bet365 bonus code indiana and the power effect of the discourse bet365 bonus code indiana。In terms of the emergence and development of modern Chinese disciplines，The translation of terminology is indispensable。Without terminology translation, there would be no shaping and development of China’s modern disciplinary knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana，There is no construction of modern Chinese academic discourse bet365 bonus code indiana。In this sense，Term translation is an important prerequisite and key path for the formation and establishment of the discipline in modern Chinese history。However，This construction of disciplinary modernity driven by translation，There is an academic genetic defect of insufficient intellectual autonomy from the beginning，Will be expanded in the subject bet365 bonus code indiana、It gradually emerged in the process of deepening the academic bet365 bonus code indiana and innovating the discourse bet365 bonus code indiana，Becoming a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the three major systems。

Realistic bet365 bonus code indiana

　For any country，The construction of a discipline bet365 bonus code indiana cannot be accomplished overnight，The complexity lies not only in its historical impact，It is closely related to the practical issues in the development process。It can be said，The construction and evolution of China’s modern subject bet365 bonus code indiana，With the historical process of exploration and development of the Chinese-style modernization road。In this process，The historical particularity and realistic complexity of the construction of China’s modern discipline bet365 bonus code indiana are always intertwined and coexist。On the one hand，The academic bet365 bonus code indiana and discourse bet365 bonus code indiana on which modern Chinese disciplines rely，With distinctive exogenous characteristics；On the other hand，Main practical issues faced by the development of modern Chinese disciplines，has real local characteristics。So，A modern Chinese academic bet365 bonus code indiana based on the translation and introduction of Western academic and discourse systems，Especially the discipline bet365 bonus code indiana in the field of humanities and social sciences，We are bound to face constant challenges from local social reality。Disciplinary terminology representing the Western intellectual tradition and the discourse bet365 bonus code indiana constructed thereby，Far from fully representing or explaining China’s academic and social issues。

In the historical development process of China’s discipline construction，The related problems caused by terminology translation are constantly accumulating，It has constituted a relatively obvious systemic discourse problem。First, the bet365 bonus code indiana compatibility problem of Chinese translation of a large number of exogenous subject terms。Take humanities and social sciences as an example，Economics、Management、Political Science、Law、Exogenous disciplines such as sociology，The creation and development of its terminology bet365 bonus code indiana often relies on the continuous Chinese translation transplantation of Western terminology systems。To this，While we are rationally absorbing Western terminology symbols and the knowledge they carry，We should focus on solving the bet365 bonus code indiana compatibility problem of Chinese translation of foreign terms。Among them，The standardization of Chinese translation of terminology is the top priority。The second is the systematic dissemination of English translation of Chinese local subject terms。Literature、History、Philosophy and other research fields that existed in ancient China，The local traditional terminology accounts for a certain proportion in its terminology bet365 bonus code indiana。These terms carry important knowledge content of China’s excellent traditional culture and academic thought，We should focus on the effective paths and strategies for its modern transformation and cross-language communication。To this，The systematic positioning of modern transformation and cross-cultural communication of ancient Chinese terminology is very critical。Construction of China’s academic discourse bet365 bonus code indiana，To a large extent, it depends on the effective exploration of China’s excellent traditional culture and academic thoughts、Organization and dissemination。The third is the systematic competition in the transcreation of integrated subject terminology。In Linguistics、Art、In integrated disciplines such as education，Interpenetration of Chinese and foreign knowledge systems，The composition of its terminology bet365 bonus code indiana is mixed，In fact, it implies competition for academic discourse rights。To this，We must strive to achieve equal interaction between different discourses，Integrate the knowledge and discourse systems of ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad，Focus on innovation of discourse symbols based on knowledge reproduction based on Chinese original research，The emergence and spread of new terminology highlights the continued improvement of China’s academic discourse power。

bet365 bonus code indiana possibilities

China’s future knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana construction，We must attach great importance to the systematic translation of terminology in different disciplines。If the translation work of terminology has long been a by-product of spontaneous academic work in the academic community，Then organized terminology translation work may become increasingly important and necessary in the future。So-called organized terminology translation work，That is, terminology translation is regarded as an important method for building a knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana，Pay attention to goals when carrying out relevant work、Systematic and organized。

First，To solve the problem of knowledge autonomy。Strengthening the autonomy of knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana construction is an important part of the future construction of China's discipline bet365 bonus code indiana，The knowledge gene optimization of subject terminology should be put on the agenda。Considering the historical characteristics of the development of the existing Chinese subject bet365 bonus code indiana，Further exploring the identity of Chinese traditional knowledge resources、Disciplinary concepts and transform and utilize them，And international promotion through translation，This is the proper meaning of the title。At the same time，You can also effectively extract new concepts with innovative value from the new contemporary Chinese academic discourse，Construct corresponding terms and their systematic forms，To better promote applications。

Secondly，To solve the problem of knowledge systemization。The construction of China’s discipline bet365 bonus code indiana in the future，Depends to a certain extent on the production and reproduction of knowledge。Terminology is the crystallization of language that represents human knowledge，But only relying on scattered terminology，It is impossible to achieve the goal of systematizing subject knowledge。Term used as a linguistic representation of the production or reproduction of disciplinary knowledge，The spread and expansion of relevant knowledge often occurs through widespread use，Thus achieving the goal of systematizing subject knowledge。In this regard，Term translation as a prerequisite for cross-language use and research of terms，Conducive to promoting the interaction and innovative development of Chinese and foreign disciplinary knowledge。The rationality and effectiveness of such translation，Will affect the effective dissemination of the knowledge contained in the source terminology and its discourse。For the future construction of China’s discipline bet365 bonus code indiana，We must build China’s independent knowledge bet365 bonus code indiana，You can rely on the systematic compilation of subject terminology dictionaries and the dynamic construction of large subject terminology libraries。At the same time，International spread of Chinese original terminology，Should become an important benchmark for China’s discipline construction and innovation influence improvement。International Communication of Academic Discourse，Translation of subject terminology first。

(The author is the director of the bet365 bonus code indiana and Translation Interdisciplinary Research Base of Nanjing University、Professor of School of Foreign Languages)