Let language open the window to the soul for patients with bet365 kentucky bonus code
December 06, 2023 10:05 Source: "bet365 kentucky bonus code Journal" Issue 2788, December 6, 2023 Author: Gao Shan

bet365 kentucky bonus code is a common mood disorder,Exhibits sadness、Feeling worthless、Hopeless,It seriously damages the patient’s psychological and social functions,And threaten its lifespan。According to the prediction of the World Health Organization,By 2030,bet365 kentucky bonus code will rank first in the global burden of disease。Currently,The diagnosis of bet365 kentucky bonus code mainly relies on patient self-report and doctor’s clinical interview。However,Due to the patient’s insufficient understanding of bet365 kentucky bonus code,They tend to be more likely to report physical symptoms,rather than emotional symptoms。In addition,Due to social pressure,Patients may conceal their depressive symptoms,Unwilling to have in-depth discussions with the doctor。Therefore,The diagnosis of bet365 kentucky bonus code is often misdiagnosed and missed。Language provides us with the possibility to solve the above problems。

Language is the most common way for people to transform their inner thoughts and emotions into explicit expressions、The most reliable way。Language usage pattern,That is, the tendency of individual words to be used in the process of speech expression,Is an important indicator of mental health and psychopathology characteristics。Analyzing language usage patterns is a secret and convenient early prediction and auxiliary diagnosis method for bet365 kentucky bonus code。For example,Self-focus is one of the distinctive characteristics of patients with bet365 kentucky bonus code,The increased self-focus in depressed individuals is reflected in the increased frequency of first-person singular pronouns。Opposite,The frequency of first person plural pronoun usage decreases with increasing levels of bet365 kentucky bonus code,This is related to individuals experiencing higher interpersonal pain and lower subjective well-being。In addition,The higher the level of bet365 kentucky bonus code,The more negative emotional words are used,The less positive emotional words are used,Reflects the negative bias and positive flaws of depressed individuals。Previous research has also revealed speech features related to bet365 kentucky bonus code,Slow speech rate is considered a reliable indicator of bet365 kentucky bonus code。Discovered by Mundt et al.,Patients with major depressive disorder who received treatment compared with those who did not receive treatment,Speak more、Faster,Fewer pauses。Anyway,Analyzing a person's language use and production characteristics provides an implicit method for bet365 kentucky bonus code detection,Ability to avoid underreporting of symptoms due to self-bias and social desirability in explicit measurements,Thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of bet365 kentucky bonus code detection。

Autobiographical memory,That is, the memory of an event that a person has experienced,Reflect important information about the individual,It could even be said that autobiographical memory defines “who we are”。We used the autobiographical memory paradigm in recent research,Recording a verbal report of an individual recalling an incident he or she experienced,To examine bet365 kentucky bonus code-induced changes in speech and vocabulary use。Considering that the language use and production of patients with bet365 kentucky bonus code may be affected by emotional situations,We manipulated the type of emotion associated with recalled events in an autobiographical memory paradigm。Specifically,We recruited 40 adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of first-episode major depressive disorder,40 age- and gender-matched non-depressed individuals were also recruited as a control group。All subjects completed the second version of the Beck bet365 kentucky bonus code Inventory (BDI-II),To measure their bet365 kentucky bonus code level。In autobiographical memory task,The subjects responded to the emotional label words (sadness) presented on the computer screen.、Angry、Fear、neutral or happy),Verbal recall of events that happened to them in the past。Recall 6 events in each emotional situation,Recall report for each event lasts 30 seconds,A total of 15 minutes of oral presentation was recorded by the recording device。

For the voice data collected,We conducted a comprehensive analysis,Including total word count、Speech speed、Pause duration and number of pauses。At the same time,We convert the recording into text,Perform word segmentation processing,Based on the 2015 Simplified Chinese Language Inquiry and Word Count (SCLIWC) Dictionary,Extracted parts of speech that reflect different psychological processes (such as,Word frequency of first-person pronouns reflecting the focus of attention。Later,We performed repeated measures ANOVA on speech and text data,To detect differences between bet365 kentucky bonus code and control groups。Through related analysis,Find out speech and text features related to bet365 kentucky bonus code level (BDI-II score) in each emotional situation,Then based on that result,Building a stepwise regression model,Evaluating the performance of emotion-specific linguistic features in bet365 kentucky bonus code recognition。

Research results show,Patients with major depressive disorder generally speak slower than non-depressed individuals、Say less,Especially when the patient recalls sad and happy events,Speech rate reliably predicts bet365 kentucky bonus code level。This result further reveals the advantages of sad and happy situations in using speech speed to identify bet365 kentucky bonus code based on previous research。In addition,Research also found,There is no significant difference between the bet365 kentucky bonus code group and the control group in the length and number of pauses,This may be due to free recall weakening the differences between groups。As for vocabulary usage characteristics,What our research found is as follows。

First,In terms of focus,The depressed group used the word "I" more than the control group,Indicates that depressed individuals have higher self-focus。When recalling angry events,This kind of self-focus is particularly prominent,Reveals that the anger of depressed bet365 kentucky bonus code may originate from themselves rather than others。

Second,In terms of emotionality,Patients with major depressive disorder compared with non-depressed individuals,The frequency of use of negative emotional words increases,Exhibits a negative bias caused by bet365 kentucky bonus code。When recalling a fearful experience,Patients use more angry words,Indicates a reduction in fear coping strategies,Results in increased expressions of hostility and aggression。In addition,Individuals with more severe depressive symptoms reported greater anxiety when talking about angry memories,Thus using anxiety words more。In general,Emotional words reflect an individual’s emotional response to an experienced event,Frequent use of emotional words indicates an individual’s heightened emotional response,This is also related to the reduced efficiency of emotion regulation。We found out,The higher the individual’s level of bet365 kentucky bonus code,The more emotional words are used,The lower the efficiency of emotion regulation,Especially for the experience of fear。This is supported by the use of adverbs。Adverbs reflect emotional intensity,Our study found that the higher the level of bet365 kentucky bonus code,The more adverbs are used,The stronger the individual’s fear。

 Third,In terms of social connections,Our study is the first to establish the relationship between bet365 kentucky bonus code and identity words (such as,Okay、Of course) the connection between uses,Patients with major depressive disorder were found to use less identity words than non-depressed individuals,And identity words reflect group consensus and social participation,This result indicates that people with bet365 kentucky bonus code are less likely to participate in group/social activities or agree with others,This is consistent with the characteristics of social isolation and social disengagement in bet365 kentucky bonus code。The patient’s use of work-related vocabulary also decreased,Indicates a decrease in work activity,After all, unemployment is a causative factor of bet365 kentucky bonus code,And employment is a protective factor against the disease。Depressed patients use more sexual words and family words than non-depressed individuals,Their emotional memories seem to be tied more to intimate relationships than to social relationships。In fact,Family does play a very important role in the experience of depressed individuals,Depressed individual responds to the death of a family member、Sadness of illness and indifference,Misunderstanding about them、Angry at scolding and injustice,To their separation、Fear of violence and disappointment,Companyment for them、Feel happy with encouragement and support。Previous studies using questionnaires to assess family influences reported on bet365 kentucky bonus code and parenting styles、Related to family factors such as family economic status。First discovery of our research,The use of family-related words is a linguistic feature of patients with bet365 kentucky bonus code when recalling their own experiences。

 Fourth,In terms of health status,Depressed individuals use health and biology vocabulary (such as more than non-depressed individuals,Body complaints),This suggests that bet365 kentucky bonus code increases somatic complaints。Compared to non-depressed individuals,Depressed patients talk about sad memories,Disease mentioned more often、Surgery experience and physical pain, etc.,Exhibits psychological pain and pessimistic attitude toward physical symptoms。In addition,They use more death-related words to describe fearful and neutral memories,They cannot forget their family、Friend、Death of pets, etc. and suicidal thoughts,Fear of death and uncertainty about what might happen next seem to pervade their minds。

 Fifth,In terms of cognitive style,Depressed patients compared with non-depressed individuals,Increased frequency of use of psychological words,Especially when recounting fear memories。Cause and effect words (such as,Because、hence) is used to explain cause and effect in most traumatic events,But patients with bet365 kentucky bonus code show a preference for this type of vocabulary when describing happy experiences,This may reflect the reappraisal process after bet365 kentucky bonus code leads to a weakening of positive emotions。We also found it for the first time,Inconsistent vocabulary in fear memory narratives (e.g.,should、Possibly) use may predict depressive symptoms。actually,These words reflect cognitive processes。When people suppress their negative thoughts,They may use inconsistent words less than when not suppressed。Our findings suggest,More depressed individuals appear to have more difficulty suppressing negative perceptions of their fearful experiences。

In addition,Consistent with previous research,We also found that patients with major depressive disorder use the past tense more frequently when recounting fearful memories,Indicates that it is difficult for depressed individuals to free themselves from the fear they have experienced。They use less achievement words when recalling sad experiences,Lack of accomplishment may be one of the causes of bet365 kentucky bonus code。When describing an experience of anger,Patient uses preposition、The frequency of function words such as conjunctions is reduced,This is the first evidence that bet365 kentucky bonus code causes changes in the use of this type of word。Previous research found that the absence of prepositions is accompanied by disfluency in language production,Our findings suggest that anger may interfere with expression in people with bet365 kentucky bonus code。

The stepwise regression model of this study can explain 71.6% change in bet365 kentucky bonus code level,Outperforms most models in bet365 kentucky bonus code recognition。Emotional dysfunction has been widely and consistently recognized as a core symptom of bet365 kentucky bonus code。However,In studying the linguistic features of bet365 kentucky bonus code,Few studies consider emotional factors。The excellent performance of the model established in this study shows,In detecting bet365 kentucky bonus code through language use and production features,Selecting different emotional situations is an effective means to improve the accuracy of identifying bet365 kentucky bonus code。

In short,By analyzing the corpus of emotional memory in patients with major depressive disorder,Our study not only confirms the findings of previous studies,i.e. pronoun、Emotional words、Health related vocabulary、Use of parts of speech such as past tense and speech rate are reliable indicators of bet365 kentucky bonus code,And also revealed some new depressive language features,Like family、Agree、Inconsistent、The use of function words and other parts of speech。In short,Analysis of corpus in different emotional situations can provide a secret for identifying bet365 kentucky bonus code、Convenience、Objective、Effective method。In addition,This method can also reveal the underlying causes of depressive disorders to a certain extent (such as,Family、Work、Agree)。Of course,The impact of these factors on the occurrence of bet365 kentucky bonus code remains to be further studied。

  (The author is a professor bet365 kentucky bonus code School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)

Editor: Cui Bohan
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