Colombia University Press recently published a new book "Among the Ruins of New Liberalism: Rise of Western Anti -Democratic Politics"，Discussion since the 21st century，How does neo -liberalism mobilize and pave the way for the main force of anti -people。Author of this book、Wendy Brown, a professor of political science at the University of California Berkeley, said in an interview with this reporter，Not new liberalism directly caused the rising right -wing forces today in Europe and the United States，or all issues that are not from refugee crisis to political polarization are suitable to be attributed to neo -liberalism，But the logic and values ​​of neo -liberalism will twist everything。If you want to understand the root causes of the current problem and its current change，Need to understand the political culture and political subjectivity of neo -liberalism，Not only focused on economic factors and racist thoughts。

　　Bet365 lotto review

Brown said，Democracy means connecting everyone in society、Beyond individual differences，Society is also a place where historical inequality appears and is eliminated to a certain extent，Social fairness is class solidification、Social exclusion、The main "antidote" of discrimination and hatred。

But，New Liberalism is Bet365 app download exactly intended to be conceptual、System、Practice to destroy the existence of society and the ideal of social justice。Some politicians who respect new liberalism，The national regulation and re -distribution are regarded as the improper intervention of the market、Edge on freedom，will use social privatization、Large -scale cutting social welfare、Discreating administrative countries to govern the country。Brown said so。

Austrian British economist、One of the representatives of the new liberalism Friedrich Hayek is the most criticized for "society"、The most long -lasting new liberalist。In his eyes，"Society" is a "right to say"，Social positive is "mirage"，The longing for the fairness of society is "the most serious threat to most of the other values ​​of free civilization"。Hayek thinks，"Society" concept，The result of the spontaneous process of the spontaneous process is regarded as the results of the purpose of human creation。This error means that society is the product of design，It can be improved through more reasonable design，From this opening the door to the country's unlimited intervention in the country and moral standards，Basis of constituting totalitarianism。

Hayek thinks，The alternatives of state intervention and social justice are markets and morals，Because the latter "spontaneously" generates、"Organic" evolution and adaptation，Human beings are not affected by intention，Code of behavior standards。Hayek thinks，Market and Bet365 lotto review morality reflects the nature of fairness -focusing on behavior rather than effect and results，It is only about the correct universal principles instead of the situation and status of the event，and have nothing to do with the rewards of hard work or "worth"。He has repeatedly declared that the market only rewarded contributions，Contribution (wealth or innovation) may not be the result of great efforts，Long -term high -intensity labor may have little effect。

In the thinking of Hayek，Pursuit of social justice is a kind of primitive idea behind the commander of "all self -order"，"linking" markets, morality and results, and non -rules is naive and inappropriate，will bring harm innovation、Development、Market intervention of spontaneous order。Therefore，Society must be disassembled。In Knowing，Disassembling society is manifested as a denying of society or a call that reduces inequality as jealousy。Politically，Disassembling society is manifested as privatization of public services、Social welfare。Legient，Disassembling society is manifested as defending freedom to suppress citizens in the environment、Medical、Fair appeal for the rights and interests of workers and consumers。Culturally，Disassembling society is manifested as a focus，Emphasize the responsibility of individuals and families，It advocates that almost everything provided by society and the country is assigned to individuals and families to bear。

　　Politics decentralization

Hayek in the book "Law、Legislative and Freedom Chapter 18 "The Containment Bet365 app download of Power and the Decentralization of Politics"，The only power that has no legal constraints today，and a person driven by a person caused by a machine developed by his own will，It is the so -called legislator，But this prevailing democracy will eventually destroy itself，Because it impose not to get the tasks that most people recognize to the government; therefore，In order to protect democracy, avoid its own harm，Must be limited to this power。Brown said，New Liberals are vigilant for politics。The "politics" mentioned here mainly refers to a clear institution or system，Unlike the country，Not limited to specific political power or political order; it represents discussion、Power、Action、"Theater" of values，Here the common existence of human beings is considered、Fretion、Management。The goal of new liberalism is to restrict and restrict politics、separate politics from sovereignty、Democratic form of eliminating politics、Destroy the democratic energy of politics。For this，They support de -political national and super -national institutions，Laws that can "cover and protect the world economic space"、A commercialized governance mode、Individuals of interest orientation and follow the principles of market and morality。

On the one hand，New Liberalism is an obvious factor in the current European and American anti -democratic waves。New Liberal Policy is designed to relax the political management and control of economic entities and markets，Replace supervision Bet365 app download and re -assignment with market freedom and tough ownership。Former US President Reagan and former British Prime Minister Sachel followed "the government is not a way to solve problems，The government is the idea that the problem is "to deal with economic and social problems，and use this as an excuse to reduce taxes、Reduce social benefits、Dispension of strict control of capital。U.S. President Trump brought business principles and "trading art" into the White House，and formed a cabinet that contains multiple successful business people with many political experience。New Liberalism's demonization of Statism (Statism)，It is an economic free willism that was originally difficult to allocate、Gold Politics、Polar right -wing no governmentism provides a common goal。The creed of "abandoning the government" has evolved into a universal hostility to politics，Stimulated an advocating authoritarian liberalism in some areas，Advocating authoritarian moralism in other areas。

On the other hand，Although neo -liberalism and anti -democratic authority are not completely "compatible"，The former regards political power as the highest threat to the market and freedom，The latter requires a strong central centralization，But the former still indirectly became the latter's hotbed。New Liberals' hostility to politics，In particular, the vision of resetting the relationship between the country and the economy is not the same。For example，Hayek and American economist bet365 live casino games Milton Friedman thinks，Politics is dangerous、Self -expansion，Must be strongly restrained。and order liberals seek to establish power countries to ensure economic order，At the same time, it is isolated from democracy with the technicalist system。But they all think，Force、Unrestrained political interests and power to personal freedom、Market、Traditional moral constitutional threats，All oppose "political design" society and most public policies and public items，All seek political power under economic measurement standards and cooperate with the market requirements。More importantly，New Liberals believe that democracy will "swallow" politics、Threat freedom and spontaneous order and even lead to tyranny or totalitarianism。

Brown told this reporter，New Liberalism cannot lead to real economic prosperity and social justice，There is still difficulty in achieving democracy in the world，In the background of irreversible economic globalization，How to improve politics according to local conditions、Economic and social justice，It is difficult to find answers from history。Another urgent challenge is climate change，If the ecological environment continues to deteriorate，No other can talk about everything，Challenges to deal with climate change need to be sustained、Executive global commitment。，The international financial field now has an overwhelming power，It is difficult to be democratized，It even exceeds the control Bet365 app download of the global governance mechanism。It must be solved by these problems，instead of only proposing standards and preferences。

　　(Our newspaper Washington, July 29th.