Recently，by the Stuart Hall Foundation、The "Authoritative and populist" academic activities jointly organized by the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Mary, London。Professor Michael Walzer, Professor Michael Walzer of Political Science, Princeton Higher Research Institute, delivered a keynote speech，Share his views on the rise of American populism and the political status of the American macro level。Today in unilateralism and economic nationalism today，Wolze's speech once again aroused the attention and reflection of the academic community in American populist ideology。

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Steven M. Gillon, a professor of history at Oklahoma University of Oklahoma, believes，In American history，populism has always been a double -edged sword。Although it triggered a huge political reform movement，But also confused people's hearts，Reinforced fear，violated state and personal rights。Glenn said，The civilian tradition of the United States is almost as ancient as the Republican government。At the end of the 19th century，American farmers' resistance to the wealth Bet365 lotto review class has expanded the attraction of populism，and formed a political language and style。After the peasant's resistance orgasm，This political language and style still lasted for a long time。

From the view of Glenn，Vit. The best strategy for solving their dissatisfaction is different，But they all have a common world view，Romanticization of "people"，I believe that all Americans support the same agenda，Talk with the same voice。They think，The government fails to follow the people's wishes，It is because the strong interest group involved and corroded government agencies。

In order to explain how a small group can obtain such a large power，Civilian often helps conspiracy theory。Many confusing politicians for less noble goals，Political means to advocate conspiracy theory。Glenn believes，Senator Joseph McCarthy, Senator of Wisconsin, is proven to be the most dangerous populist incitement in the 20th century。In the so -called "red panic" in the United States after World War II，McCarthy boasted that he had evidence to prove that communist spy has penetrated into the federal government。He used the United States' uncomfortable adaptation to its new global status，and the restlessness of "heresy" and lifestyle。until 1950，McCarthy occupies the headlines of major newspapers，was the most terrible person in the United States at that time。，In the 1960s, he Bet365 lotto review participated in the election of George Wallace, the president of the United States President, and also used most of McCarthy's languages ​​and strategies。The anti -building populism of Wallace has attracted many North Democrats，Its claim is open racism and anti -intellectualism。

　The cause of populism is complex

From the perspective of global perspective，Wolze thinks，Part of the reason for the rise of populism comes from "in the past 450 years，Social Democratic Party or Tradition (Political Party) has abandoned social democratic politics。and the new party has given up the efforts to formulate new policies "。He proposed，The decline of the US trade trade is a characteristic of the political development trend at the macro level。The previous U.S. governments "chose (economic) growth rather than justice，Claims that growth is good for everyone "。

From Volze,，The rise of new liberal economics created a new worker and social group，They are very fragile。"Most people have worked in the past，But in the post -industrial era and the post -union era，They are part -time，No sense of security，Low salary，No guarantee。In his opinion，This leads to anger and resentment，and the feeling of being abandoned，When populist politicians blame this situation on the so -called elite，This feeling makes them resonate。

Volze emphasized，The problem of the rise of populism is complicated。bet365 Play online games He said，Many politicians in the United States are not right -wing people，Especially on social issues，They support race、Sexual orientation and gender equality。But，In his opinion，The problem lies in the extensive inequality and the existence of exploitation。"The United States has become increasingly unequal。Capitalism can accept black and women，but still capitalism，Decreased discrimination does not mean that exploitation is reduced。"He said，"Capitalism is usually regarded as a gene that is born with a parent system and racism，Its logic is to allow minority groups to be exploited。”

Glenn believes，Trump's victory in 2016 highlights the American populist tradition as strong as in the 19th century。Trump's unexpected victory originated from the long -term depression of the white worker class。They think，Traditional politicians failed to respond to the reasonable economic demands of the white workers' class。The most important thing is，Trump uses the fear of many white voters living in industrial towns and rural areas living in the decline。They are worried，Social and cultural changes and the influx of new immigrants are eroding old specifications，Then threaten their status in society。

As elected president，Trump did not show signs of abandonment of populist posture after taking office。His words are full of passion and populist in history、The words of anger bet365 best casino games and dissatisfaction are the same。This kind of words are too simplified to simplify the problem，Demon has the opponent。1990s，Urbanization and industrialization faced by farmers，Just like the globalization faced by many Americans today、The increasing gap between the rich and the poor and a large number of immigrants，The changes in these times make them deeply confused。

From the view of Glenn，So far，Trump did not use populism to inspire and inspire people to become part of a part that transcended its own movement，Instead of using populism to demonize opponents，Manipulating the public's fear。He also uses populism to advocate some policies，For example, a large -scale tax reduction policy，And these policies have almost no benefit to the "forgotten" Americans who claim he represent him。

　The era of globalization needs equality and tolerance

Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania、Prize winner Rogers Smith said，populism is an elusive term，Applicable to the world's extreme left political movement，It is also applicable to the extreme right political movement。He found，"Oxford populist manual" describes populism as an ideology，It reflects the wishes of ordinary people against the elites who hid behind the scenes。He added，populism ideology always pays attention to creating a common political identity by telling the so -called "people's story"。

Smith said，Post colonial、Bet365 app download Post Cold War、The globalization world produces "Disariosity about Nationality"。With the process of urbanization around the world, it continues to deepen，People are exposed to more and more people with different backgrounds，"It will inevitably contact different stories"，The result is to promote the development of modern populism with nationalism。This is what Smith calls "pathological populism"。The emergence of this trend provides a way out for this "disagreement about nationality"。

Smith emphasized，In the world of globalization today，You need to use another equal and inclusive narrative method，To seek common ground while existing reality。He tried to provide a idea，A more open、More diversified political discourse system replaces "pathological populism"。Smith proposed，The current US ruling policy excludes the people and their stories。The spirit of equality and tolerance once built a diversified community for the United States、Culture and lifestyle，But Trump's vision of the United States has almost no room for the spirit of equality and tolerance。，Smith proposed its own solution。He said: "We need a spirit of‘ survival and mutual assistance ’，instead of surviving together。”