The contribution of charity to society is not doubtful，But the operating mechanism is often known for the public。Professor of Sociology at the University of California, San Takruz, University of California、The dean of the School of Social Sciences Katharyne Mitchell Recently issued a reminder on the cultural website "Aeon"，Most of the contemporary Western charity has market -oriented，Insufficient transparency and accountability，This mission and effect on the benefit of the society for the benefit of the society is adversely affected。

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Modern Western charity and the new religion ideas that emphasize personal self-interest and responsibilities originated in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries。Personal hard work、Pay attention to efficiency and productivity，is part of the overall world view based on the principle of self-self-help，It transferred responsibilities from the group to the individual。In the later centuries，Group responsibility is considered a destruction of individual autonomy。

According to Mitchell Introduction，early 20th century，American charity is formed among the furnaces that gather multiple views。In the process of industrial development，Petroleum、Iron、The founders and owners of railway companies have accumulated unprecedented wealth。Entrepreneurs apply their business acuity to the behavior of giving，Determination to make charity activities as efficient and successful as business activities。bet365 best casino games They use their own business knowledge、Funds and interpersonal networks，Adopt a modern、"Scientific" method to solve social problems，Intreting the concept of self -interest at the receiver at the same time，Encourage the recipient to cultivate personal autonomy，and improve yourself，Become a model worker、Model citizen。The charitable cause of this period relies on modern methods from the commercial world，Emphasize strategic appreciation and efficiency，Reflects the importance of self -interest and self -service、Annostalization of dependence，and maximize human capital。

　Business logic dominates 21st Century Charity

Mitchell said，In the 20th century Western charitables instill self -interest to the receiver、The desire of self -care thought continued to the 21st century，But contemporary charity has been greatly injected into adventure and entrepreneurial spirit。Micro -credit and other forms of risk -based financial tools，Pull the receiver into the capitalist market。"Cultivation of Entrepreneurship" becomes a new charity practice and concept。and，The 20th Century Charity's emphasis on modern scientific methods made it located in contemporary business logic。Now，Most charities will use complex and precise cost effect algorithms and financial investment logic，Use competition more cleverly、Bexitarizing analysis method and ranking，Set up priority funding items，Analysis of cost benefits of the social or economic return potential of charity projects。

Now，The return on investment has become a theme of charity to a large extent。Many contemporary charitables are deemed to be social entrepreneurs，Their philosophy bet365 best casino games reflects the global financial practice and the way they create wealth。Different from the 20th Century Industrial Entrepreneurs，Most of the contemporary wealthy people make in finance、Information Technology、Remote communication and other post -industrial industries，The charity foundation they created will pay more attention to the short -term financial investment of leverage、Intellectual property、Technical solution、Pilot test、Quick exit，and incentives to personal choices and responsibilities。One of the representatives of such institutions is the Omidyar Network, founded by EBAY founder Pierre Omidyar,，It consists of a non -profit foundation and a limited liability company，It aims to give play to people、Market、Power of thought and technology，Using proven flexible capital models and other necessary tools，Come to find a solution to the challenge facing today's society。Omedia Network When choosing a profit -making enterprise and non -profit organization for cooperation，Mainly pay attention to whether it uses innovative、Market -based channels; intended to develop new markets or new industries; can affect policy or practice under the existing system; the ability to change the public concept or create social and financial returns "。

The application strategy of contemporary Western charity also reflects the macroeconomic background accumulated by the wealth accumulation of rich people in the post -industrial era。Since the 1980s，British Prime Minister Sachel and President Reagan's implementation of an extreme market system，British and American and many countries have obvious relaxation control、Privatization Bet365 app download of industrial and public resources changes。With the new liberal policy，is an attack on the welfare country。The concept of the free market affects all aspects of Western society in the following 40 years。In addition to emphasizing personal freedom and entrepreneurial spirit、The strong derogation of any "dependence" relationship，Macro steering in these economic and cultural fields，It has a huge impact on the investment strategy of contemporary charity and 21st century charities。Starting in the 1980s and 1990s，A large number of miniature financial initiatives appear in the least developed countries，This is a typical example of a combination of targeted financial investment and entrepreneurial incentive strategies。The earliest micro -finance initiative was launched by two social entrepreneurs in Bangladesh，Focus on issuing small interest -free loans to the poorest to reduce poverty。Non -governmental organizations in the field of developers in developed countries and development assistance、Non -profit organization cooperate，The focus of these initiatives begins to change，Obtaining profit has become a motivation as the same or even more important as the loan exhibition。

Solution for long -term social problems and market -based solutions，It is also seen in the charitable cause of the United States。Many venture investors who have shifted their attention to the field of education，With the support of charity funds，Promoting the establishment of the franchise school and the use of new technologies in teaching activities。Contemporary charity preference funding for short -term pilot project，and quickly withdraw from the expected bet365 best casino games social or economic investment return，This feature is particularly obvious in the field of education。For example，In 2000, the Gates Foundation took out $ 25.9 million，Encourage public schools of Seattle Metropolitan City to create a "small learning community"。If the school district successfully implements education reform，This fund will be updated in 5 years。But，Due to failure to produce expected results，The Gates Foundation stops providing funds，and transfer strategic investment priority to other places，Finally, it brings administrative management and logistics difficulties to many schools in Seattle。

Charity institutions cannot replace the government

21st Century Western Charity Considers think，Targeted technical solutions and measured results，enable people to evaluate the actual society and economic return of specific intervention measures。To account for a specific project or initiative and consider further investment，will bring greater opportunities for economic growth，And when you can get better charity results，Realize better profitability。Mitchell said，Pay attention to measurable and accountability，It reflects the macro trend of investment in social influence。"Do Good Business by Doing Good" is regarded as the best way to solve social problems，And this market logic is often accompanied by hostility to the government and the government's hosted projects or intervention measures。The dependence of the analysis of cost effects and investment in charities，Born a highly screening solution，Vertical investment has exacerbated development inequality in related fields，The fundraising of complex cooperation between the public department and Bet365 lotto review the private sector and the needs of continuous leverage，Often causes a situation: Using market -based methods to solve the problem caused by market failure。

New Liberal Charity Policy and Public and Private Cooperation，and the opposition to the country's intervention of the country's intervention in the country in the past few decades，As a result, the public sector was greatly weakened。At the time of crisis，The public depends on the ability to provide centralized leadership and the government of rich resources。But，In recent decades，On the one hand, people question the government's leadership roles and abilities，At the same time, the reduction of tax taxes at the same time causes fiscal revenue to shrink，On the other hand, the global richest people are playing an increasingly larger social influence through charity。From Mitchell's view，The charity fund founded by commercial giants has indeed contributed to society，But they analyze cost benefits、Measurement accountability and emphasis on project investment returns，Possible and "side effects"。These foundations are insufficient and lack of accountability governance system。Powerful government is important to protect the well -being of the people，The government must fulfill providing basic public services、functions that meet the needs of citizens。It is undeniable that，Even the business thinking orientation charitable institution，Although their willingness to help others is good，But they do not need to accept democratic accountability，Its business activities may contain ingredients that meet private interests，Not always always favorable to the receiver。So，Critical bet365 live casino games Examination of the Origin of Western Charity，helps to reflect on its defects，Then design a new charity mode，better serving people who need help。