As constitutive self、Key elements connecting individuals and society，The shaping of self by app bet365 download、The construction of interpersonal relationships and the preservation of historical narratives，all have extremely important significance。Human beings need to remember some people and events，At the same time, there is also a desire to be remembered by others，So Margaret proposed in the book "The Ethics of app bet365 download"，As a bond of interpersonal relationships，app bet365 download has strong ethical implications。As a Japanese-British immigrant writer，Ishiguro Kazuo’s original motivation for writing novels was to preserve his childhood memories of Japan，This is his view of individuals and society、How to deal with ethical relationships between history and culture。simultaneously，As a generation who grew up after the war，He also consciously assumes the ethical responsibility of remembering historical trauma，Preserve the app bet365 download of World War II through novel creation，Let the app bet365 download of historical trauma provide warning and reference for contemporary and future readers。

The academic community pays more attention to the theme of app bet365 download and narrative art in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novels，But the ethical issues of app bet365 download are rarely discussed。According to theories related to app bet365 download ethics，app bet365 download ethics mainly focuses on people and people、Interpersonal relationships between people and society based on shared memories，And the ethical community formed through the division of synchronic and diachronic app bet365 download。Focus on the ethics of app bet365 download in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novels，Can better understand the narrative art and themes of his novels，Broaden the horizons and ideas of Kazuo Ishiguro’s research at home and abroad。

　　The ethical connotation of individual app bet365 download in novels

The construction of the narrative self is an important role of app bet365 download。But the self constructed through recalling the past，Having an inseparable ethical connection with others and society。At the level of individual app bet365 download，The ethics of app bet365 download are mainly reflected in the following aspects。

First，The emotions involved in memories tend to be negative emotions，such as insult app bet365 download and traumatic app bet365 download，The occurrence of insults and trauma must involve others、The ethical relationship between society and individuals，Such as the family trauma Rhett suffered as a child in "No Consolation"。Secondly，Individuals want to construct themselves，We need to get rid of the influence of negative emotions，Incorporate it into a unified self-narrative。But app bet365 download narrative is not a self-monologue，But a kind of interpersonal relationship，For example, in "Distant Mountain Shadow", Etsuko talks to her daughter Nikki by narrating the story of "shadow figures"，Heal your inner wounds。Again，The pursuit of a unified self-narrative is actually to construct self-dignity by tracing the past。This "politics of dignity" reflects the individual's desire to be remembered by the family and the national ethical community，For example, the efforts of the painter Ono in "The Painter of the Floating World" and the butler Stevens in "The Remains of the Day" to recall the glory of their respective professions。

app bet365 download negotiation in the transitional society in the novel

app bet365 download ethics mainly focuses on shared memories between people。Margaret thinks，The methods of app bet365 download sharing include synchronic division of labor and diachronic division of labor。The intergenerational ethical negotiation caused by the division of diachronic app bet365 download can be seen everywhere in Ishiguro's novels。Ishiguro Kazuo prefers to use the changing society of the times as the historical background of his novels。The transformation of society will inevitably lead to ethical conflicts within the ethical community regarding the intergenerational app bet365 download of historical events、Compromise and inheritance。

Social transformation brings about sudden changes in values，Let generations have different ethical judgments and interpretations of historical events，For example, the ethical conflict between Ono and his daughter and son-in-law regarding Japan’s pre-war history within the family ethics community in "The Painter of the Floating World"。Just as society adapts to historical transformation，Individuals living in it also need to adopt corresponding adaptation strategies，Thus constructing a unified self-narrative，Such as Stevens' ethical compromise with his master Lord Darlington and his own personal history in "The Remains of the Day"。Intergenerational app bet365 download actually has a dialogue relationship，There are not only compromises between the previous generation and the next generation，There is also inheritance from the next generation to the previous generation，For example, in "The Buried Giant", the Saxon boy Edwin is a member of the national ethical community，The ethical continuation of the national trauma of the British massacre of the Saxons。

　　The human app bet365 download community in the novel

app bet365 download ethics also pays attention to the ethical community formed by people based on the synchronic app bet365 download division。In different levels of ethical communities formed based on the synchronic division of app bet365 download，What Kant calls the human ethical community is at the top。The human ethical community is the focus of Kazuo Ishiguro’s “internationalist writing”。From the perspective of app bet365 download ethics，The formation of an ethical community is based on the intimate relationship between people。However，Because of shared humanity，Some crimes against humanity、Historical traumatic memories and other memories constitute ethical memories that need to be engraved in human beings as a whole，So the human ethical community has also become one of the important themes of app bet365 download ethics。

World War II is a typical historical traumatic app bet365 download in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novels。By telling personal memories of World War II in different societies and cultures、Creating different characters in a single novel and app bet365 download dialogue and sharing between multiple novels，Ishiguro Kazuo created a special "internationalist World War II narrative"，A multi-dimensional exploration of the app bet365 download of World War II。For example, Japan’s app bet365 download of World War II in "Shadows of Distant Mountains" and "The Painter of the Floating World"，The app bet365 download of World War II between Britain and Europe in "The Remains of the Day" and the app bet365 download of World War II between China and Britain in "Shanghai Orphans", etc.，Explores the role of traumatic app bet365 download of World War II in the construction and repair of human ethical community through a diasporic perspective that transcends nationality。

　　The app bet365 download of forgetting and forgiveness in novels

　　The purpose of remembering individual and historical trauma，Not to remember anger and hatred，But for the construction of a healthy self at the individual level and learning from history。Ricoeur in "app bet365 download、History、Indicated in the book "Forgetting"，Forgiveness does not mean forgetting。Forgetting is the suppression and cover-up of trauma and crime，Cannot heal the traumatized subject，On the contrary, it will bring pain，For example, the alienated relationship between the protagonists due to amnesia in "The Buried Giant" and "No Consolation"。Forgiveness is remembering the past while looking down upon the trauma and crime。So，app bet365 download ethics not only points to interpersonal relationships，It is also a reflexive relationship between man and himself。In other words，Remember and forgive rather than forget，Having interpersonal ethical significance，There are also personal mental health implications。

Most of the narrators and main characters in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novels are app bet365 download witnesses，They experience trauma on one hand，On the other hand, it can narrate the trauma。The app bet365 download purpose of their narratives is to remember the past of themselves and others，And forgive it。For example, the painter Ono in "The Painter of the Floating World" confesses while pursuing dignity，Another example is King Arthur’s amnesiac warrior Axl’s recollection of personal and social trauma in “The Buried Giant”、Reflection and forgiveness。

In short，Ishiguro Kazuo’s novel describes personal memories、Social app bet365 download and the ethical community formed based on app bet365 download，Reflects two aspects of app bet365 download ethics: we have the responsibility to remember individual past and historical trauma，simultaneously，There is also an obligation to forget and forgive。The app bet365 download narrative of Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel explores the role of app bet365 download in interpersonal relationships、The role and significance of intergenerational and international relations，Reflects what Bauman calls the pursuit of diversity、Postmodern ethical thought of respecting others。He through equality、Mutual learning、Dialogue、Inclusive internationalist diasporic perspective，Pursue to build a human ethical community based on human nature，Provide literary and aesthetic insights for the construction of the ethical order of the world community。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Foundation project "Research on the Ethics of app bet365 download in Ishiguro's Novels" (18CWW015)

(The author is an associate professor at the School of Foreign Languages, Changsha University)