In recent years，The comparative advantage of the United States in the field of global innovation is weakening，"Innovation Engine" power weakened。On the Bloomberg Innovation Index Ranking in Bloomberg, USA，9th place in the United States，Behind Germany、Singapore、Swiss、Sweden and other countries，9 -bit compared to the first ranking in 2013。Some analysts proposed，This part originated from the defects of the United States' innovation and scientific research policy。The reporter interviewed relevant scholars on this issue。

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The report "The Innovation Challenge of the United States" released by the American Think Tank Ace Peng Institute in 2019 points out，After World War II，In consumer demand、International competitiveness、Under the common effect of the federal government's strong leadership and other factors，The United States is in the forefront of the world in the field of innovation and has formed a high risk tolerance、Active competition、Innovative culture of constantly pursuing breakthroughs。A large number of innovative results not only stimulate the US economic growth，It has also enhanced global economic and social welfare。But，In recent years，Most of this structural advantage has disappeared or reduced。For example，European countries、Japan、Korea、China and other emerging economies are vigorously investing in modern infrastructure construction，And the American physical infrastructure is aging，Many can no longer run normally。According to the "Infrastructure Report Card" released by the American Civil Engineer Association in 2017，The infrastructure rating in the United States is only D+level。From the end of 2025，The United States needs to invest 4.59 trillion US dollars to improve infrastructure conditions。Comparison Bet365 lotto review of comparison，Digital infrastructure in the United States is more advanced，but also known as one of them in less than two。The International Broadband Data Report released by the Federal Communications Commission in 2018，Broadband network download speed in the United States is only 10th among developed countries。Scientific researchers and science and technology entrepreneurs need high speed、Stable networks to play cloud computing、The huge potential of cutting -edge technologies such as data analysis，and in the United States，Such network services are expensive and concentrated in specific areas。

British entrepreneur、David Sainsbury, Minister of Science and Innovation of the British Government, talks，In many strategic innovation areas，Such as software engineering、Bioscience、Social Media、Computer chip, etc.，The United States is still at the forefront of the world。But learning in robots、flat display、Lithium battery、Nuclear energy、High -speed railway、Memory Chip and other fields，The United States has been outdated。European and Asian countries have gone in with the United States in many fields。In the United States，One of the performances of the decline of innovation advantages is that the trade surplus of advanced technology products in the past few decades has been declining，and turn into a deficit in 2002。Another，From 1990 to this year's new crown pneumonia epidemic，The net increase in employment in the United States increased by 27.3 million，But 97.8%of them are in low value -added service industries or non -trade departments。At the same time，Manufacturing and high value -added service industries or the total employment growth of the trading department have basically no change。

Sharon Belenzon, a professor of strategic research at Duke University Fulca Business School in the United States, told this reporter，Most of the important new technologies in the world after World War II originated from the United States，The United States has many advantages Bet365 app download in the field of innovation。But，Push over time，The American innovation ecosystem is becoming increasingly professional，Scientific research and technology development from large enterprises，Turn to college specialized research、Enterprise special attack development。A significant performance of the labor division of innovation activities is the shrinking of the research branch of many large enterprises。Born in college、Entrepreneurial enterprises funded by risk capital are filling this blank，But its role is currently limited to a few fields。

More professional innovative ecosystems are beneficial to disadvantages。On the one hand，It is to maximize efficiency and benefits as direction，Enterprises and technology that cannot maximize efficiency and benefits will be quickly liquidated by venture capitalists，This "natural choice" makes capital distribution more efficient。Risk investors are usually Guangsha.com，and give greater autonomy for enterprises that accept funds，This promotes scientific research diversity，Stimulated the experimental spirit of scientific researchers。On the other hand，Large enterprises tend to focus on innovative projects that are compatible with its existing business，It will be greatly affected by its internal office politics，Sometimes it is difficult to withdraw funds from failed projects。So，Many companies believe that a large number of innovative activities internally are not beneficial to profitability。

In an innovative environment that attaches great importance to efficiency and business value，High income uncertainty、Innovative activities with higher risks are more difficult to get support。In the United States today，Systematic innovation reduction with real revolutionary significance，Innovation more occurred in areas that are easy to transform into economic benefits or have a clear market application prospect。

　　Insufficient conditions for supporting innovation

Stephen Ezell, Vice Chairman of the Global Innovation Policy of the American Think Tank Information bet365 Play online games Technology and Innovation Foundation, said in an interview with this reporter，Overall，The American innovation policy is successful，But there is still a lot of room for improvement。The private sector provides the main driving force for the innovation of various industries in the United States，But effective innovation ability depends on wise、Effective government policy，Including investment in early research and development、Guarantee high -tech labor supply、Build a strong figure and physical infrastructure、Early winners of becoming the most cutting -edge technology、Establish the appropriate regulatory policy environment、Formulate international trade rules to ensure that the advanced technology industry is booming in the international market。Brief words，With the support of the public sector and the private sector，Leading innovation by the private sector，Most conducive to the operation of the American innovation system。If you ignore the multi -faceted factors of successful innovation，The United States will lose its advantage in international innovation competition。

Current，The risks faced by the American innovation system include: the continuous growth of the fiscal budget deficit weakening the ability of science and technology R & D; political perspective polarization has caused the public and private sector to be unable to effectively cooperate; the education system has not cultivated ; Some people think that the United States can leave other countries "independence" around the world。Where，The biggest challenge is that the federal government's R & D investment has fallen to the lowest level since 1955。If you want to revive the innovative strength of the United States，The federal government needs to increase at least 100 billion US dollars per year for investment，To support R & D and innovative projects。The United States also faces severe challenges in the training of workers，Investment for re -training for workers, the proportion of GDP is more than 50%compared with 30 years ago，Below bet365 Play online games the average level of the member states of the Organization Organization。

From the view of Cyan Siberi，The loss of innovation advantages in the United States mainly comes from the problems of the three systems: education and training system、National Innovation System、Enterprise financing and governance system。First，The education level of the American population is being overtaken by other countries。In the 2018 International Student Capability Evaluation Project Test hosted by the OECD，15 -year -old American students are reading、Mathematics、The score rankings of the three subjects of science have not entered the top 10 in the world。In the second half of the 20th century，The United States has absorbed a large number of students in Europe and Asian countries，To enrich the reserve of the country's scientific and technological talents。and now，With the deepening of globalization、Technical progress and the increase in the number of research universities in other countries，The attractiveness of the United States as a destination for studying abroad is weakened。Data of the National Science Foundation of the United States，A decrease in foreign students in American universities，Rate ratio of foreign students returned to their country after graduation，The number of American citizens who reach the same education level is not enough to meet the needs of talents。

For the United States，The weakening of innovation ability is not only derived from the reduction of the federal government R & D expenditure，It also originated from the increase in offshore R & D expenses of American companies。Due to the rise in technical capabilities of other countries，The growth rate of R & D expenditure of overseas subsidiaries of American companies is more than 50%faster than the parent company，The purpose of doing this is to absorb local technical knowledge。This phenomenon shows that the attractiveness of overseas R & D environment to American companies is enhanced，The difficulty of recruiting employees in the United States to meet the qualification Bet365 app download requirements increases。

The short -sighted tendency of financial institutions is also eroding the innovation ability of American companies -companies have to focus on short -term profits and financial instruments，Profit is used to pay dividends and repurchase shares，instead of investing。Take the manufacturing industry as an example，In the late 1970s and early 1970s，The dividend payment of American companies is only 20%of capital equipment investment，Until the early 1990s, this value rose to 40%-50%，Until the 10th year of the 21st century, it rose further to about 60%。

　The support of the public sector is important

Belen Zong said，With the "main venue" of R & D and innovative shift from enterprises to college，American innovation policy should be focused on standing between scientific research and applications。Compared to enterprise research，College research is less driven by specific mission，The size is smaller、stronger discipline。The scientific research results of colleges and universities usually need to be further developed and integrated，can become a commercial invention，This transformation process is more difficult than people generally think。For natural science research involved、Ventures with good prospects，It can be provided by the public sector，To alleviate market failure and promote the achievement of technical goals。Subsequent，These companies can be supported by private capital，Copy business challenges。

Reminder of Cyrnsbury，History indication，If the government understands its function is to help enterprises develop innovative capabilities rather than command enterprises to develop strategies，Then government intervention can play a constructive role。Research on Innovation Economics also shows，To promote productivity increase、Economic growth，Properly designed innovative support policy is very necessary。Richard R. Nelson、Nathan Rosenberg、Research by innovative economics scholars such as Vernon W. Ruttan (Vernon W. Ruttan)，Most of the new technologies vital to the modern economy bet365 live casino games are mostly supported by strong government policy。Of course，Precise positioning government role is a difficult point。Chairman of the American Information bet365 Play online games Technology and Innovation Foundation Robert D. Atkinson and others put forward the concept of "continuity" in the book "Innovation Economics"，The proposal will be handed over to the market，Government gives necessary innovation investment in science and technology，To support the development of key industries and technology。