The role of economy in today’s world is self-evident，Economic issues run through all aspects of social life，Economics has therefore become an extremely important subject。Due to the wide scope of economics bet365 bonus code indiana、Many bet365 bonus code indiana objects，Economists must choose between a variety of bet365 bonus code indiana goals and bet365 bonus code indiana topics。Economics has strong applicability，The bet365 bonus code indiana results can directly influence policy formulation。Therefore，The choice of bet365 bonus code indiana goals and topics by economists is not only an academic matter，It may also have huge social consequences。However，Scientists’ judgments about which questions are “interesting” and “worthy of study” are inevitably subjective。To understand how economists view the current bet365 bonus code indiana goal setting and bet365 bonus code indiana topic selection in this discipline，Professor of Economics at the University of Bonn, Germany、Armin Falk, CEO of the German Brick Institute for Behavior and Inequality, and Peter Andre, a researcher at the institute, conducted a large-scale online study in 2021 investigation。Two scholars were interviewed by our reporter recently，Introducing the key elements of the investigation。

　Clearly define the survey objects and bet365 bonus code indiana

Falk and Andre told this reporter，To fully reflect the views of the economics community，Give all “active” economists a voice，They first established a large literature database。The database contains articles published in the top 400 economics journals in the world from the beginning of 2009 to the beginning of December 2019。Since these journals are published in English，Scholars who have published in it may be considered active contributors to international economics exchange。Next，They further screen potential interviewees。First，Exclude authors whose articles have not been included in the above database since 2015，Because they are no longer "active"。Second，Exclude authors who work at non-academic institutions with low scientific bet365 bonus code indiana output，Because they are probably not full-time scholars or are no longer engaged in academic bet365 bonus code indiana。Third，Select authors who have at least 3 articles included in the above database，Or authors who have at least 50% of all articles published by an individual published in economics journals，To exclude authors from adjacent disciplines of economics or non-economics majors。Fourth，Select authors whose email addresses are available。

After Falk and Andre sent invitations to all economists who met the screening criteria，A total of 7794 people fully participated in the survey。Survey contains two question series，The first series of questions involves the trade-offs between several basic bet365 bonus code indiana goals in economics，The second series of questions involves preferences for the distribution of economics bet365 bonus code indiana topics。The first series of questions seeks to understand how respondents weigh some common economics bet365 bonus code indiana objectives，such as policy relevance or personal interest、Policy relevant or basic bet365 bonus code indiana、Problem importance or causal relationship identification、Pure theory or applied theory、Quantitative or Qualitative、Specialized or multidisciplinary、Predictive theory or explanatory theory。These goals are not always “either/or”，But in many cases it is difficult to do both。For each set of "opposing" goals，Respondents indicate their level of satisfaction with the current status of the economics discipline as a whole and their own subfields by scoring，And want a goal to receive more or less attention。

In the second series of questions，Respondents are required to allocate a total score of 100 points to 19 primary bet365 bonus code indiana topics in economics。These 100 points represent all articles published in economics journals in a certain year，Every 1 point is 1% of the total output of economics bet365 bonus code indiana。Therefore，The scores given by the respondents indicate their preference for each bet365 bonus code indiana topic。These 19 bet365 bonus code indiana topics are the first level classification in the JEL classification system，Includes: General Introduction and Teaching of Economics；Economic schools of thought and methodologies；Mathematical and quantitative methods；Microeconomics；Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics；Financial Economics；Public Economics；Industrial Organization；Economic History；Wait。The JEL classification system is the subject classification system used by the Journal of Economic Literature edited by the American Economic Association (AEA)，Now widely adopted by Western economic circles。

　　Economists are not satisfied with the current status bet365 bonus code indiana discipline

Respondents’ answers to the first series of questions showed three characteristics。First，Dissatisfied with the current setting of economics bet365 bonus code indiana goals，Only 20.6% of respondents said “generally satisfactory”。For most bet365 bonus code indiana objectives，More than 50% of the respondents believe that the status quo needs to be changed。For example，54% of respondents believe that bet365 bonus code indiana goals should be more policy-relevant rather than personal interests；56% of respondents want empirical bet365 bonus code indiana to aim more at problem importance rather than identification of causal relationships；61% of the respondents hope that theoretical bet365 bonus code indiana will be more application-oriented、Aiming at evidence-related theory rather than pure theory。Second，Most of the respondents believe that the scope of economic bet365 bonus code indiana should be expanded、Broaden the breadth，They have reached the greatest consensus on this point。60% of respondents hope that professional bet365 bonus code indiana goals will be reduced，79% of respondents hope that multidisciplinary bet365 bonus code indiana goals will increase。Third，Most of the respondents advocated developing more risk-based models、Innovative bet365 bonus code indiana rather than incremental bet365 bonus code indiana、Traditional bet365 bonus code indiana。

Respondents’ responses to the second series of questions shown，From a qualitative perspective，Their preference ranking of 19 economics bet365 bonus code indiana topics is similar to the actual journal publication situation。For example，Microeconomics with higher scores from respondents、Macroeconomics、Financial economics topics also account for a relatively high proportion of the total output of economics bet365 bonus code indiana，Respondents gave less points to general economics and teaching、Law and Economics、Economic history topics also account for a relatively low proportion of the total output of economics bet365 bonus code indiana。

But，From a quantitative perspective，Respondents’ scores for the 19 bet365 bonus code indiana topics were distributed more evenly than the actual data。For example，Financial economics articles account for approximately 15% of all economics journal articles，9 points higher than the average score given by respondents for this topic.8 percentage points；The true proportion of microeconomics and industrial organization articles is also significantly higher than the average score given by respondents to these two topics。Opposite，The true proportion of public economics and economic history articles among all articles，Significantly lower than the average score given by respondents to these two topics。It can be seen from this，Respondents hope that economics bet365 bonus code indiana topics will be more diversified、A more balanced distribution of topics。In addition，At a more macro classification level，Respondents hope that empirical bet365 bonus code indiana accounts for 48% of economic bet365 bonus code indiana，Theoretical bet365 bonus code indiana accounts for 28%，Method bet365 bonus code indiana accounts for 24%。

　　The focus is related to personal background

Since the researcher already has some knowledge of the respondents’ personal information，For example, basic demographic characteristics (gender、Age、Religious belief)、Academic Career Achievement (Rank、Working organization、H index that measures the number of articles published and their influence, etc.)、Focus on bet365 bonus code indiana directions and topics，So it is possible to analyze how personal characteristics of respondents relate to responses to survey questions。Analysis display，Personal characteristics can systematically predict respondents’ weighing of economics bet365 bonus code indiana goals and preferences for bet365 bonus code indiana topic distribution。

In terms of bet365 bonus code indiana objectives，Female economists on policy relevance、Multidisciplinarity、Innovation is highly valued；From Africa、Economists in Latin America place less emphasis on policy relevance and innovation；Economists who usually engage in theoretical bet365 bonus code indiana and method bet365 bonus code indiana pay less attention to policy relevance，Economists who are mainly engaged in method bet365 bonus code indiana pay more attention to professional bet365 bonus code indiana and incremental bet365 bonus code indiana。

　In terms of bet365 bonus code indiana topics，The more articles the respondent has published on a certain bet365 bonus code indiana topic in real life，The higher the score assigned to this topic in the survey。In terms of gender，Female economists give lower scores to macroeconomics and economic history topics，For health、Education and Welfare Topics and Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics、Environmental and ecological economics topics are given higher marks。

　　Applied bet365 bonus code indiana is in its golden age

Falk and Andre said，Economics has the ability to “monitor” the development status of this discipline、A long tradition of bet365 bonus code indiana topics and methods。Since the 1970s，There is an “application turn” in economics，Economics is becoming increasingly multidisciplinary and data-oriented。Roger Backhouse, professor of economic history and economic philosophy at the University of Birmingham, UK, and Beatrice Cherrier, associate professor of economic history at Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, France, call the 21st century " The Age of Applied Economists"。Applied economics has many forms，One of them is a new methodology，For example, experimental economics、Analysis of large data sets、Randomized controlled experiment、Policy Analysis。These trends align with survey respondents’ expectations，Signs of progress are visible，However, continuous improvement is still needed，For example, increasing bet365 bonus code indiana of a multidisciplinary nature。

Two scholars specially proposed，This survey is not intended to promote a particular point of view，Instead, it collects and records the overall views of economists。From a personal perspective，They agree to strengthen the policy relevance of economics bet365 bonus code indiana objectives and the diversity of bet365 bonus code indiana topics，Tolerance、Be open to insights from other disciplines。However，What are “important” and “policy-related” issues，Often difficult to judge，It is often impossible to predict whether a bet365 bonus code indiana will ultimately have policy impact。Therefore，High-quality basic bet365 bonus code indiana is still necessary。

Looking to the future，Climate change will become one of the most important policy issues in the next 10 years，The economics community, especially first-class economics journals, should vigorously increase their attention to climate change issues。Also，There are gender differences in survey respondents’ views on current economics bet365 bonus code indiana goal setting and bet365 bonus code indiana topic selection，This shows that the economics profession needs to close the gender gap。

Backhouse told this reporter，Economists should study important issues，And important issues change over time，Important issues today include climate change、Rising inequality、Financial crisis、Sustainable growth、Biodiversity loss, etc.。In addition，Basic bet365 bonus code indiana is also crucial，About market operation rules、The exploration of more abstract issues such as human behavior can help understand those more concrete and important issues。