"Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station，XNCR，Starting broadcast now..." This crisp female voice came from a cave dwelling in Yan'an on the evening of December 30, 1940，Kicked off the prelude to China’s red broadcast。Comparison with other stations broadcasting at the same app bet365 download，Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station in app bet365 download reporting mode、The broadcasting style and the theme of the station are unique，Shows some unique characteristics of red broadcast。

　　The tortuous launch process

In fact，In order to widely publicize our party’s policy and proposition of establishing an anti-Japanese national united front，Party Central Committee、Mao Zedong proposed the establishment of a radio station in Yan'an as early as 1937。But limited to the technical and electrical conditions at the app bet365 download，This requirement is difficult to achieve in the short term。When Zhou Enlai went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment，Winning the understanding and support of the Soviet Union and the Communist International，And in February 1940, he brought back an old 1000-watt shortwave machine donated by the Communist International，Provided machinery and equipment for the establishment of radio stations。Then the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish a Broadcasting Committee，Leaders prepare to build a radio station，With Zhou Enlai as director。After Zhou Enlai went to Chongqing to work，Zhu De took over and presided over the preparation work。The person responsible for the specific task of building the station is the ninth detachment of the Third Bureau of the Central Committee。After countless days and nights of fighting，Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station is finally completed and launched。

Spring 1943，Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station stopped broadcasting due to machine failure。The daily broadcast app bet365 download and broadcast frequency of the station have changed several times before，But the broadcast content is basically fixed，Mainly important documents of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、Important editorials and articles in "New China News", "Liberation" weekly and "Liberation Daily"、International and domestic current affairs news、Celebrity Speech、Scientific common sense、Revolutionary Story、Japanese programs, etc.，In addition, there are music and opera programs with anti-Japanese songs as the main theme。After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945，Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station resumed broadcasting in August of that year。Before the founding of New China，The radio station was renamed Northern Shaanxi Xinhua Radio Station (1947.3）、Beiping Xinhua Radio Station (1949.3) and Beijing Xinhua Radio (1949.9），But the attributes of the call sign and the party’s central-level mouthpiece have never changed。

　　"Shanghai app bet365 download"

Improve the recognition of red broadcasts

The introduction of concepts such as "standard app bet365 download" and "legal app bet365 download" and the setting of modern hours, minutes and seconds，It is the product of the spread of modern Western learning to the east。The implementation of some legal standard app bet365 download，In helping people construct imagined communities，Obviously has far-reaching and imperceptible effects。1883，After Americans invented and implemented the standard timekeeping system，By the early 1930s，Important astronomical observatories in various countries broadcast standard times by radio every day。China’s app bet365 download unification work began in the late Qing Dynasty。1902，The app bet365 download at the 120 degree east longitude of the Qing Customs is the app bet365 download common to all coastal customs，Called "Coast app bet365 download" (later also called "Shanghai app bet365 download")。All coastal railway cities gradually adopt "coastal app bet365 download"，That is, the East Eighth District app bet365 download based on standard app bet365 download。After 1912，The Central Observatory of the Beiyang Government divides the country into the Central Plains Region、Longshu District、Back to Tibetan area、Five districts and five app bet365 download systems including Kunlun District and Changbai District。When Zhongyuan District uses the East Eighth District standard，Named "Central Plains app bet365 download" (GMT+8)。This timing method is consistent with the early "Coast app bet365 download/Shanghai app bet365 download" and today's "Beijing app bet365 download"。The Kuomintang Central Radio Station will use "Central Plains app bet365 download" after it starts broadcasting。But after the Nanjing government moved west to Chongqing in 1939，Regulations of the Executive Yuan of the National Government，“For military convenience”，Longshu Shi (East Seventh District), where Chongqing is located, is adopted throughout the country，GMT+7， One hour behind Central Plains app bet365 download)，And stipulates that the Kuomintang Central Radio Station will start from June 1，Report three times a day in both long and short wave wavelengths。This kind of "Longshu app bet365 download" broadcast app bet365 download is one hour behind the Central Plains Standard app bet365 download，It became an important indicator to distinguish whether a radio station belongs to the Kuomintang-controlled area in the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War。

After the end of the Anti-Japanese War，When the Nanjing National Government once again set out to formulate and implement standards，Nanjing Central Radio Station has restarted the "Central Plains app bet365 download" app bet365 download reporting system。1948，The Nanjing National Government promulgated the "Measures for the Implementation of Standard app bet365 download Throughout the Country"，It is stipulated that the Central Broadcasting Administration Office is responsible for handling app bet365 download reporting，Private radio stations across the country will follow the Central Broadcasting Station for app bet365 download reporting。

During the same period, Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station used "Shanghai app bet365 download"，That is, the East Eighth District app bet365 download system consistent with "Coast app bet365 download"，The radio’s app bet365 download reporting method is clearly recorded as “the last app bet365 download just now，It’s *one o’clock Shanghai app bet365 download”。Although the earlier way of telling app bet365 download has not been clearly recorded yet，However, judging from the "Regulations on the Work of News Stations and Public War Report Stations" promulgated by the Central Military Commission in March 1940，Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station first started broadcasting until it stopped broadcasting in 1943，The app bet365 download system is also consistent with Shanghai app bet365 download，Instead of the "Longshu Period" stipulated by the Kuomintang government at that app bet365 download。

From this，In addition to the "Longshu app bet365 download" and "Zhongyuan app bet365 download" that were popular among various radio stations at that app bet365 download，The "Shanghai app bet365 download" of Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station has become a highly recognizable sound symbol。

　　“Clearly hate and hate” conveys the voice app bet365 download party

"If they persist in their evil ways，Continue to fool around，At that app bet365 download，People across the country cannot bear it，Throw them into the toilet，Then it would be too much to regret。"This is after the Wannan Incident in 1941，Mao Zedong's "Orders and Statements for the Southern Anhui Incident" broadcast by the female announcer of Yan'an Xinhua Radio Station，The tone is full of contempt for the enemy and confidence in the power of the people。

In the difficult war environment at that app bet365 download，The announcer of Yan'an Station takes the manuscript seriously，Strict demands on yourself，Strive to accurately convey the content of the manuscript，And formed a strong emotional connection in the process of constantly exploring the broadcasting business、Inflected broadcasting style。He/they are good at reading manuscripts on the struggle against the enemy seriously and vigorously，The manuscripts written by the people in the Anti-Japanese Base Area were read with a pleasant expression，Speak the party’s opinions eloquently。such as mid-May 1947，After Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai listened to announcer Qian Jiamei’s announcement about the Panlong victory and Zhenwu Cave celebration in Wangjiawan, northern Shaanxi，He sincerely praised: "This lesbian is so amazing！It’s really just and right to scold the enemy！Talking about our victory is also very inspiring，What a clear distinction between love and hate。We need to cultivate more announcers like this！”

The formation of this broadcasting style，The early red announcers realized that，When he/she is broadcasting in front app bet365 download microphone，The voice is not his/her own，But the collective voice、Voice app bet365 download organization、Voice app bet365 download Party。As the "Song of XNCR" written in 1941 said: "We are XNCR，We are revolutionary fighters，We broadcast the voice app bet365 download party，We radiate the light app bet365 download Party。”And this kind of consciousness infusion of “speaking on behalf app bet365 download Party Central Committee”，Naturally integrated into every word of his broadcast，Formation of a rhythm and intensity that is completely different from private broadcasting and Kuomintang government-run broadcasting。

　　"Everyone runs the radio" to be the mouthpiece app bet365 download people

Voice of the Party，The mouthpiece of the people，It is the root of Yan’an Red Broadcasting，Also its soul。In wartime condition，Radio announcer “clearly distinguishes love and hate”、Speak loudly and resoundingly on behalf of the Party Central Committee，At the same app bet365 download, he also tried his best to express their demands on behalf of the people: "What do you want XNCR to say for you，What news should XNCR report，Please tell us quickly，We can broadcast it quickly。Especially the audience in the rear area and the ‘recovered area’，You have a lot to say and no place to say it，There is a lot of news，No place to log in，You want to read democratic and progressive newspapers，Not easy to see。Then please ask for more XNCR to serve you。”September 5, 1946，Yan'an Station broadcast "Yan'an Radio One Year Anniversary" by Lu Dingyi, then Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the station's declaration "Everyone Comes to Speak - XNCR Anniversary Broadcast"，Point out “our broadcasting business，From the first day of its existence，For China’s independence、Peace、Democratic cause service，Just serve the liberation cause of the Chinese people”。“We started this radio station，Have a sincere wish，That’s what we said，Not just representing the interests of the people，And we are willing to turn it into a place where people across the country can speak。”“What we broadcast，And radio broadcasts under the Kuomintang rule，Basically different。What we broadcast，It is the most authentic news and trends at home and abroad；It is the life of the people and various construction conditions in the liberated areas；It is the political party of the Chinese people, the policies and current situation of the Communist Party of China；It is a ruthless exposure of the corrupt and dark rule of the Kuomintang authorities；It is the voice of the people in the areas ruled by Chiang Kai-shek。These voices，Radio stations under the Kuomintang rule，cannot be heard。”“XNCR，It is the voice of all Chinese people。It is willing to speak on your behalf。What do you have to say？What pain do you have to complain to society？What do you have to say and have nothing to say？Come and write！Please send your letters to Yan’an Xinhua News Agency and Xinhua Radio Station。We are willing to serve you faithfully。We are enthusiastically waiting for your reply！”

　For this purpose，Yan'an app bet365 download clearly put forward the call that "the people's trumpet must be trumpeted by the people" and "everyone should run the broadcast"。

The so-called "everyone runs broadcasting" includes two aspects，On the one hand, everyone is listening，On the other hand, everyone talks，The two complement each other，Indispensable。Yan'an Station hopes that all units and individuals with radios，Listen to Yan'an Radio on app bet365 download every day，At the same app bet365 download, I hope the audience in the Kuomintang-controlled areas will say that they cannot say that they are under the rule of the Kuomintang、Dare not say、If there is no place to say, write to Yan'an Taiwan。In the view of Yan'an Taiwan and its leaders，Only in this way can Yan'an Broadcasting be turned into a "mouthpiece of the people"，The voice of democracy”。

Based on letters from listeners，Yan'an Station has also partially improved its broadcast propaganda work。And this kind of broadcasting thought and practice with a strong sense of mission and object，Obviously it is a natural extension app bet365 download Communist Party of China’s concept of “the whole party runs a newspaper” and “the masses run a newspaper”。

This sincere call for public participation，Received positive feedback from progressive listeners。Although the Kuomintang newspaper、The app bet365 download continues to claim that Yan'an app bet365 download is "reactionary propaganda" that "confuses right and wrong" and "fabricates rumors"，Many patriotic young people have understood the reality and the truth because they listened to the broadcast of Yan'an Station，Resolutely rush to the liberated areas，Shows the strong "lighthouse" effect of red broadcasting。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Journalism, Communication University of app bet365 download)