Universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana (also known as "unconditional basic bet365 bonus code indiana") refers to a monthly or annual guarantee made by a certain country or region's government to provide a fixed bet365 bonus code indiana to all citizens or residents within its jurisdiction，This guarantee will cover all citizens or residents with legal status in the relevant area，No additional conditions attached，Can be issued continuously throughout life。This idea of ​​a “pie in the sky” system may sound a bit bizarre，But it is increasingly valued by many countries in the world and is no longer just talk on paper。This article briefly introduces and analyzes the experiments and explorations of the concept of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana system around the world、The reasons why it has become the focus of social discussion in recent years and gained more and more support，and the possible impact if implemented on a large scale。

　　Universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana has received attention from many countries

In response to the slow economic growth and high unemployment problems that have long plagued European countries，Philippe Van Parijs, a professor at the University of Leuven in Belgium, first proposed the concept of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana in the 1980s。Not only was this idea not taken seriously at the time，On the contrary, it is regarded as an absurd point of view and no one cares about it。However, social changes and technological development bring challenges，In recent years, this idea has not only attracted increasing attention from all walks of life in Western society，And it has also received attention and support from some national and regional governments，First introduced as a small-scale experiment or simplified solution。The Finnish Social Insurance Agency (Kela) randomly selected 2,000 adults from the unemployed population receiving basic unemployment benefits to participate in the experiment that started on January 1, 2017。A "basic bet365 bonus code indiana" of 560 euros is regularly distributed in cash to participants every month in the pilot experiment，Cancel their unemployment benefits at the same time。Even if the participant finds a job or starts a business，The distribution of this part of "basic bet365 bonus code indiana" will also not be affected，No tax required。Participants can also enjoy other social benefits。The experimental period is two years，The goal of the experiment is to determine whether this system can help promote employment、Reduce poverty and simplify the traditional social security system。Although this experiment does not fully meet the aforementioned definition of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana and the amount is too low、Defects such as too short deadline，However, its implementation still provides valuable experience for verifying the feasibility of the universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana program and whether it can effectively replace the traditional social security network。Netherlands、Scotland region of the United Kingdom、Countries and regions such as Ontario, Canada are also planning or considering launching similar experimental plans。

In practical activities related to universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana around the world，The referendum held in Switzerland in June 2016 is particularly worthy of attention。According to proposal，The Swiss government will provide every Swiss citizen and those who have lived in Switzerland for more than 5 years、Basic bet365 bonus code indiana is issued to foreign residents with legal status，With no additional conditions。Secondly，Once the proposal is passed it will officially become law，No transitional or temporary arrangements。Last，According to this proposal，The Swiss government plans to provide a fixed monthly payment of 2,500 Swiss francs to each adult，Each child can also receive an bet365 bonus code indiana of 625 Swiss francs per month。Comparison with experimental programs in other countries，This proposal would not only guarantee a more generous level of basic bet365 bonus code indiana，And just above the Swiss poverty line，The amount that UBI supporters believe is needed to achieve policy goals。This proposal was ultimately not passed，But it is different from the general public’s view，Supporters of the UBI view this as a historic event。Because this proposal was approved by nearly 1/4 of Swiss voters。

Another thing that needs to be explained is，The discussion and concern about universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana is not limited to Western developed countries，Some developing countries and even underdeveloped countries and regions are also actively considering introducing this system or carrying out small-scale experiments，Although its main purpose is different from that of developed countries。The introduction of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana programs in these countries and regions is mainly to effectively eliminate extreme poverty，Instead of ensuring a universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana level。

Social issues favor universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana

The reason why universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana has been widely discussed and received increasing attention in some countries may be mainly due to two reasons: one is the uncertainty of long-term job prospects；The other is the recent sluggish bet365 bonus code indiana growth of the middle and low-bet365 bonus code indiana groups and the increasing bet365 bonus code indiana gap between various classes.。

First, let’s talk about the issue of uncertain long-term job prospects。The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution marked by big data and artificial intelligence will have an all-round and unprecedented impact on the future employment prospects of developed economies。All-round refers to the fact that not only those general skilled technical jobs will be replaced by highly intelligent robots and automated machines，General service and management jobs are also facing the possibility of being replaced by artificial intelligence。No precedent refers to the past three industrial revolutions，Although some original jobs disappeared，But there are also a lot of updates、Jobs with higher bet365 bonus code indiana levels are created at the same time，But it is still difficult to determine whether the fourth industrial revolution will replicate the previous model。With the development and popularization of new technologies such as artificial intelligence，Long term，The cost of products and services will decrease day by day，Some products will even be given to people for free，Production efficiency will be greatly improved，But at the same time，A large number of technical jobs will also be replaced and disappear permanently。This kind of technological progress not only brings material abundance, but also casts a shadow on the long-term employment prospects of developed countries。

The second is the long-term stagnation of bet365 bonus code indiana growth and social bet365 bonus code indiana of the low- and middle-bet365 bonus code indiana classes that plagues developed countries today、Wealth inequality problem。In the book "Capital in the 21st Century" by French economist Thomas Piketty，This distribution inequality is condensed into r g’s problem，That is, the rate of return on capital is higher than the economic growth rate，This will inevitably lead to an increasing concentration of wealth in the hands of capital owners，Thus bringing about a winner-takes-all outcome。In addition，The free flow of various resources and factors along the value chain has caused a large number of manufacturing jobs to flow out of high production cost countries and transfer to low production cost countries，It also affects the bet365 bonus code indiana acquisition and growth of some low-skilled workers。Regardless of the specific formation mechanism of bet365 bonus code indiana (wealth) inequality，The political and social impact it brings has already appeared。These deep-seated and structural changes will inevitably require the government to respond and make policy adjustments，The system concept of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana has accordingly entered the vision of mainstream people in society and been included in the reform agenda of some governments。

　　bet365 bonus code indiana prospects and problem solving

Currently，People still have questions about how universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana will be funded and its impact，Need answers。In the face of whether the country and society can afford to implement universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana、When the fiscal expenditure is often in the trillions, this issue，Proponents of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana think，By reintegrating the existing social welfare expenditure system and tax system，Developed countries can afford this expense。They can introduce some new necessary and beneficial taxes，Such as universal carbon tax and specific resource tax、Financial Transaction Tax、More progressive bet365 bonus code indiana taxes, etc.；Also reduce or eliminate unreasonable subsidies to fossil energy and other industries。

Some people question that such a fixed bet365 bonus code indiana for nothing may have a negative impact on people’s willingness to work，Supporters of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana generally respond in three ways。First，A large number of empirical studies show that，The introduction of such a basic bet365 bonus code indiana will not affect people's enthusiasm for finding jobs as a whole，If the basic bet365 bonus code indiana level can be set well，On the contrary, it will enhance people’s work enthusiasm；Second，The introduction of a basic bet365 bonus code indiana system may change the competitive conditions of the labor force and thereby increase the overall wage level；Third，After having a basic bet365 bonus code indiana guarantee，People will have more freedom of choice，The diversified pursuits and self-worth realization brought about by this freedom are not only the source of economic growth，It is even more of its target，People can no longer work for a living but to realize their own value。

However, the connotation of universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana is not consistent with the mainstream ideas in developed countries，Especially with the concept of those countries that promote success through personal struggle。In the mainstream economic ideas of some developed countries, economic growth itself has become the main goal pursued by policies，Government intervention in the market is not in line with neoliberal economics，The practice of unconditionally providing basic bet365 bonus code indiana through strong government intervention in the market is naturally incompatible with the mainstream values ​​of some developed countries。

British economist John Maynard Keynes once said，Human needs are divided into two categories: basic or absolute needs and relative needs。Humanity may never be able to satisfy relative needs，But the satisfaction of basic or absolute needs will come quickly，Once these needs are met，People may spend more energy pursuing non-financial goals。For that matter，Can people find comprehensive and reliable solutions to the problems related to UBI，What impact will universal basic bet365 bonus code indiana have on society，Deserves our continued close attention and more analysis and research。

(Author’s unit: Ocean bet365 bonus code indiana China Law School)