Basic revenue of the whole people (also known as "unconditional basic income") refers to the guarantee of all citizens or residents made by a certain country or regional government every month or every year.，This guarantee will cover all citizens or residents who have legal status in the relevant area，No additional conditions，Published continuously for the final life。This system of "falling in the sky" system of ideas may sound like a bit incredible，But it is increasingly valued by many countries in the world, and it is not just a talked about troops。This article briefly introduces and analyzes the basic income system of the whole people.、It has become the focus of social discussion in recent years and has obtained more and more support，and if a large -scale implementation possible impact。

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Slow economic growth and high unemployment rates that have long -term trouble in European countries，Professor Philippe Van Parijs at the University of Lunen, Belgium, first proposed the concept of the concept of basic revenue for the whole people for the first time in the 1980s。This idea was not only valued at the time，Instead, it is regarded as an absurd and indifferent point of view and lacks people to ask for help。But with the changes in social and technological development，This idea in recent years has not only attracted much attention from all walks of life in Western society，and also received the attention and support of some countries and regional governments，Introduction to the form bet365 live casino games of a small -scale experiment or simplified scheme。The Finnish Social Insurance Agency (Kela) randomly selected 2,000 adults from the unemployment subsidy to receive basic unemployment subsidies to participate in the experiment starting on January 1, 2017。​​In the pilot experiments, the 560 euro "basic income" is regularly issued to the participants in cash in the pilot experiment.，Cancel its unemployment subsidy at the same time。Even if the participants find a job or start a business，The distribution of this part of "basic income" is not affected，without paying taxes。Participants can also enjoy other social benefits at the same time。The experiment period is two years，The experimental goal is to determine whether this system helps to promote employment、Reduce poverty and simplify the traditional social security system。Although this experiment does not fully meet the definition of the aforementioned basic income and the existence amount is too low、Details are too short and other defects，But its development still provides valuable experience for verifying the feasibility of the basic income scheme of the whole people and whether it can effectively replace the traditional social security network。Netherlands、Scottish region in the UK、Ontario and other countries and regions in Ontario, Canada is also brewing or considering the launch of similar experimental solutions。

Practical activities on basic income from all over the world，Switzerland's referendum held in June 2016 is particularly worthy of attention。According to the proposal，The Swiss government will live with each Swiss citizen and live in Switzerland for more than 5 years、Foreign residents with legal identity issued basic income，without bet365 live casino games any additional conditions。Next，Once the proposal is passed, it will officially become a law，No transition or temporary arrangement。Last，According to this proposal，The Swiss government intends to distribute 2,500 Swiss franc to each adult every month，Each child can also get the income of 625 Swiss francs every month。Compared with the experimental schemes of other countries，The basic income level guaranteed in this proposal is not only more generous，And just exceeded the poverty line of Switzerland，The amount required to achieve policy goals in the minds of supporters that meet the basic income of the whole people。This proposal was not passed in the end，But different from the general public，Supporters of the basic income plan for the whole people believe that this is a historic event。Because of this proposal, it was recognized by nearly 1/4 voters in Switzerland。

Another explanation is，Discussion and attention to the basic income of the whole people is not limited to developed countries in the West，Some developing countries and even developed countries and regions are actively considering the introduction of this system or conducting small -scale experiments，Although its main purpose is different from developed countries。The basic income plan for the introduction of the national and regions is mainly to effectively eliminate extreme poverty，instead of ensuring the basic income level of the whole people。

Social problems make the basic income of the whole people favored

The reason why the basic income of the whole people has been widely discussed in some countries and it is increasingly valued for two reasons: one is the uncertainty of the long -term work prospects; The income gap is increasingly serious。

First talk about problems with uncertain forecast for a long time。The impact of the coming of the fourth bet365 Play online games industrial revolution marked by big data and artificial intelligence to the future employment prospects of developed economies is comprehensive and without precedent。All -in -one refers to not only those general skilled technical types will be replaced by highly intelligent robots and automated machines，General service and management jobs also face the possibility of being replaced by artificial intelligence。No first refers to the three industrial revolution in the past，Although some of the original jobs have disappeared，But there are also a lot of updates、Higher jobs with higher income levels are created at the same time，But it is still difficult for people to determine whether the fourth industrial revolution will copy the previous model。With the development and popularization of new technologies such as artificial intelligence，Look at it for a long time，Products and service costs will decrease，Some products will even be provided to people for free，Production efficiency will be greatly improved，But at the same time，A large number of technical jobs will also be replaced and disappeared permanently。This technological advancement brings the rich material and also gives a shadow for the long -term employment prospects of developed countries。

Followed by the income growth of low and middle -income classes in developed countries today, long -term stagnation and social income、Fortune inequality issues。In the book "21st Century Capital" by French economist Thomas Piketty，This kind of unequal distribution is condensed to R & GT; G，That is, the capital yield is higher than the economic growth rate，This will inevitably lead to wealth more and more concentrated in the hands of capital owners，So as to bring the results of the winner bet365 best casino games to eat。other，The free flow of various resources and elements on the value chain makes a large number of manufacturing jobs flow out of high production cost countries and transfer to low -production cost countries，It also affected the income obtaining and growth of some low -skilled workers。What about the specific formation mechanism of inequaling of income (wealth)，The political and social impact it brought by it has already appeared。These deep -seated and structural changes must inevitably require the government to respond and make policy adjustments，The concept of the basic income of the whole people also entered the field of vision of the mainstream of the society and was included in the reform agenda of some national governments。

　　Development prospects and problem solving

Current，People still have questions in terms of funding sources and influences of the basic income of the whole people，Need to get answers。Whether the country and society can afford the need to implement the basic income of the whole people、Turning up for trillions of fiscal expenditure，Supporters of the basic income of the whole people think，By re -integrating the existing social welfare expenditure system and tax system，Developed countries can afford this overhead。They can levy some new necessary and beneficial tax，Such as universal carbon tax and specific resource tax、Financial transaction tax、More progressive income tax, etc.; at the same time, reduce or cancel unreasonable subsidies for fossil energy industries。

and some people questioning such a fixed income may have a negative impact on people's willingness to work，Supporters with basic income of the whole people generally respond from three aspects。First，Large empirical research indicates，The introduction of such a basic income bet365 Play online games will not affect the enthusiasm of people looking for work，If you can set up the basic income level，Instead, it will enhance people's work enthusiasm; second，The introduction of the basic income system may change the conditions of labor competition to raise the overall salary level; third，After the basic income is guaranteed，People have more choice of freedom，And the diversified pursuit and self -value realization brought by this freedom is not only the source of economic growth，It is its goal，People can no longer work for their own values ​​for their own values。

But the connotation of the basic income of the whole people is not consistent with the mainstream ideas of the current developed countries，Especially there is a large gap with the concepts of those who have achieved success through personal struggle。Economic growth itself has become the main goal of policy pursuit in some developed countries，Government intervention in the market is not in line with the idea of ​​neo -liberal economics，The practice of providing basic income through the government's strong involvement in the market's unconditional income is naturally incompatible with this mainstream values ​​of some developed countries。

British economist John Merner Cairns once said，Human demand is divided into two categories: basic or absolute demand and relative demand。Humans may never be satisfied in terms of relative demand，But the satisfaction of basic or absolute needs will soon come，Once these needs are met，People may use more energy to pursue those non -economical goals。That's for this，Can people find the comprehensive and reliable solution of the basic income related issues of the whole people，What impact will the basic income of the whole people bring to the society，It is worthy of our continuous bet365 live casino games attention and more analysis and research。

(Author Unit: School of Law of Ocean University of China)