Giovanni Battista Vico，1668-1774，The following referred to as "Vico")，Italian philosopher、Linguist、Aestheticist、Legologist、Educators and thinkers，A huge influence in the history of modern ideas and culture of the world，Its famous masterpieces include "New Science", "General Law Raid", "On the oldest wisdom in Italy", etc.。Veco as a famous scholar from the end of the 17th century to the first half of the 18th century，Its educational philosophy has classical spiritual connotation and advanced value beyond the times。Especially his series of speeches at the university opening ceremony，Fully showed his profound educational ideological essence，and with its historical philosophy、Law Philosophy、Language philosophy constitutes its philosophical ideological system，Therefore, he showed him rich and changing、A relatively complete knowledge structure system。Vico's educational philosophy is mainly reflected in human education、Personal education and human education，He puts his educational ideas in a extensive cultural background to observe，Permination of all his works，So as to associate an overall educational thought，Not only does it provide us with a new academic vision for interpretation of the educational philosophy in the history of Western thought，It also helps to understand the practical significance carried by the term "education" in the philosophical sense。

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Viko has been a rhetoric professor at Naples University for a long time，One of the duties of this position is to give a speech at the opening ceremony。From bet365 live casino games 1699 to 1708，Veco has seven speeches，The content of each speech emphasizes the importance of knowledge and life knowledge。On the one hand, he emphasizes the tradition of inheriting the Renaissance Christian humanism，Research the importance of human education; on the other hand, it is stronger to seek knowledge (that is, seeking wisdom).，He refers to this nature as "the nature of philosophy"。In his opinion，This philosophical nature can be opened to connect the political nature and religious nature，to cultivate excellent citizens。He thinks，The premise of achieving this educational goal is "Start with hard work with a happy spirit"。He values ​​a person's diligence，Therefore, he said: "Since the nature of human beings is good and evil、Fear of difficulties、Delivery for easy to find easy，So very important，It is even necessary to know it，Make them determined to join in the study and research of the noble art and science。Because，No matter which scientific art is studying，It is inseparable from the greatest effort of spirit，cannot be separated from the high degree of concentration and hard work，The persistent diligence and keen insight。"He regards this diligence as a kind of" noble curiosity in your heart "。

In order to further guide students to have the diligence motivation from the heart，He quoted the philosophy of ancient Greece- "Knowing yourself"。From Victor's view，This sentence is engraved with the "Law" engraved in the Temple of the Sun Temple in Greece，It can be considered "peak in the history of human wisdom development"。It directly points to a person who knows what you want to know is "your own spirit"。That is to say，Knowing yourself is the spirit of knowing you。He advocates，Once a person soberly recognizes bet365 best casino games the sacredness of his spirit、Nobleness and greatness，I will insight everything with a keen mind，Therefore, pursue wisdom with rationality。From this，Vico emphasizes the importance of spirit，He sighed: "Wisix of spirit、keen、Precision、talent、Creative and agile，All are great and sacred，All amazing。"" So，What is the spiritual relying on cultivation and shaping? Viko thinks，"Shape our spirit with virtue and wisdom"。Visible，He is standing on the commanding height of the human mind，Requires us to follow the various truths of the soul，Establish a correct attitude towards life with virtue and wisdom。

At the same time，Vico also believes that "seeking truth is the first characteristic of people"。He quoted Augustine、The thoughts of Syero and Plato to demonstrate his views，Emphasize "the nature of pursuing truth and exploring the truth is human nature"。Actually，The true purpose of Vico is to explain the greatest value of education is to make people have love for truth and wisdom。In his opinion，Only "such talents are the best citizens who have been educated"。In short，Vico's humanistic education thought emphasizes the complete self with diligent desire and love for truth，Self -improvement of a kind of ideological awakening and spiritual awakening。

　Dexing and Wisdom are the core of personal education

Vico's characteristics of personal educational thoughts are based on his reflection on human degradation。In his opinion，The mind is the most human thing，But human nature has multiple aspects of degeneration。He follows Augustine's thought，Explanation of personal education from the consequences of inspect Adam。He in the second part of the "General Law" (title "The Concern of the Legisher") is the first time to face this problem，Where Bet365 app download he regards the existence of human shame as God's punishment for Adam。Therefore，He said: "When Adam started to laugh at the real knowledge，When trying to obtain unlimited knowledge，God gives him a proper punishment，means that he has the conscience of mistakes and sins。This kind of conscience is nothing more than，It is the shameful heart of real ignorant。"From Victor's view，This shame is also a kind of legacy，Because "he will notice the degeneration of people everywhere from here: first is the naive and poor of language; the second is the entanglement of various opinions in spiritual disturbances; and finally the spirit is defiled by various evils"。

It is based on deep insights on human nature，Recognize the degeneration of human nature、Stupid and ignorance，And these mental or mental disadvantages，It makes it difficult for humans to recognize and recognize universal truth，It is difficult to communicate and communicate effective; mental disadvantages even harm to human society，It makes it difficult for people to form a justice and pursue public good。Learning overall wisdom can overcome and correct the degeneration nature of people，Can make personal nature and social nature achieve harmony。In the sixth school opening ceremony speech，He pointed out，The purpose of research and learning also includes appropriate talks，This needs to be achieved through the cultivation of the art of arguing。He thinks，Plato said in the "Gorkya"，"Sports and medical care of the body，Legislative and Judicial Pressing Spirit。The punishment after human crime is just to treat people’s mental illness，The art of argument is also to guide people's spirit to follow the laws prescribed by reason，Transform the body's body's degeneration nature bet365 best casino games into virtue "。It can be said，This point of view of Plato is also the basic point of view of Victor's educational philosophy。

From the view of Vico，The best strategy for personal education is to treat "glory" and "dignity" as the best rule for life。He said: "If a person regards both dignity and glory as his own political goal，Then he can win on the political road and not proud、No discouraged，Practice for the country，Detailing for the monarch，So it has a great spirit。"" here，Vico reached a real consistency for the tension between personal interests and national interests。Visible，The virtue and wisdom of the citizen's spirit is the fundamental requirements as a person，It is also the core task of personal education。

　Education of morality and justice is human education

　　In the sacred nature of people，Vico has regarded people as a person in the common life of society，The creation of social life and public affairs is an important part of his spiritual life; a person with a sacred spirit should be more for the country for benefits，Breeding for humans。In all the opening ceremony speeches，He all emphasizes that personal education is ultimately for human education，and propose a series of great educational concepts- "Let us use cultural and educational to make martial arts more glorious to make the empire stronger" "let us correct our degeneration nature，greatly benefit and develop human society "" "Cultivate yourself for the public's good for citizens" and so on。He directly put forward the basic concept of "new science is about the evolution of human education" in "New Science"。In his opinion，The evolution of the so -called human system itself is the evolution of human education。These human systems are just the results and means of human education，Make sure that humans can continue to save and develop their human nature。He also emphasized，Human beings must adopt a carefully formulated educational method，System education including rational ability and irrational ability to complete，For example, use language、The corresponding memory of the mind and spirit、Imagination and Reason，to track the footsteps of human degeneration。

For human education，He proposed natural law、Men's law and eternal law are suitable for all human beings。He thinks，In Rome，philosophers themselves are jurists。Therefore，Roman Fa Confucianism has become the main carrier of the pure "wisdom" to preserve the "hero era"。Because，From Victor's view，Causes of civilization，"The roots of law and human society，lies in noble、Morality and love for justice "。From this perspective，Education of morality and justice is human education。In his opinion，Law wisdom is almost composed of ethics，Because it is neither knowledge，Not art，but the prudent wisdom of the law，and take justice as your own purpose。Victoria talks about human education from the perspective of law，Can be called the uniqueness of its educational philosophy。

Vico thinks，From personal education to human education，You must go through three aspects of training: first，First cultivate the divineness of the soul，Finally approach God through the mind; second，After the knowledge of the sacred thing, after the knowledge of the sacred thing，It should be trained for human prudent wisdom; third，To benefit human beings，These wisdom research should be combined with male argument。He emphasizes the order of education and learning，Learning effect against "quick refinement"。In short，Vico's educational philosophy is to ethics、Linguistics、bet365 Play online games Political Science、Law and other complex ideas integrate in the educational ideals and educational will with "people" as the core，and his greatest contribution is the premise of this connection。

(Author Unit: China University of Political Science and Law, China Law Strategy Research Center)