The 12th century belongs to the European Middle Ages (High Middle Ages，11th century to 13th century)，American historian Charles Homers Haskins called it the "Renaissance" period。John of Salisbury of Salzbury is the famous church intellectual in England during this period，From his work、Letter and scholars' evaluations can be seen，No one can fully display the characteristics of its era like John。Domestic scholars will focus on the field of political ideology in John，Few attention to its educational thoughts。Facts，John is an important figure in the history of the development of educational development in the medieval century，His educational thought is one of the topics worth exploring。

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John believes that education is the key to a beautiful life，The first way to spread the path to happiness，People can reach the acquired learning。John fictional in his writing "Metalogicon"，expressing his own opinions by criticizing him。Konifisius pointed out: "Getting or lack of rhetoric is determined by nature。It is useless or unnecessary to make efforts to get rhetoric。"The John Needle pointed out this point:" When people ignore it，The nature of nature is easy to deteriorate，It can be improved through training and attention ... Although talent is important，But do not pass through learning，It will never play a role or less ... Diligent learning Bet365 app download can build and maintain the lowest level of human nature。"" opposite Konifisius，John believes that even if you have talents，Then take conventional training，can you get rhetoric skills。To prove your point of view，John refers to the point of view of Sissero and Aristotle。Through Sissero's works，John accepted the existence of human society's civilization in the lecture and rationality of the argument。Lecture (rhetoric) is such a mechanism，Transforming wisdom into a public speech and persuading people to follow their wishes，Then live together harmoniously。John's theory of epistemology of Aristotle、The use of the concept of ethics and psychology continues to prove the error of Cinfisius，People with majestic arguments must go through conventional training，Until he can fully receive the principle of rhetoric。

John Entry pointed out that students will encounter a series of difficulties during the education process，For example, the choice of teachers，Someone will choose a teacher for their preferences or the reputation of the teacher，instead of reason，Some students do everything in accordance with the instructions of the teacher，Even if it is wrong。So，John recommends that there must be a large number of investigations and wide reading before choosing a major，This can "show the right to determine the autonomous decision，Make a wise choice after measuring the value of all the choices "。The most important education principle is "Keep a lot of reading"。

From John's view，People can only become wise men bet365 live casino games with practical experience，"Get knowledge through experience，This is closely connected by the same action "。In fact, the foundation of this empiricalism believes that leading to the road of wisdom，Exercise began in specific behaviors，Once people clearly gain knowledge (prerequisite for wisdom)，The power of rationality and understanding will make people get the fruit of wisdom。One aspect，From John's view，Education concept is obtained through practice，Experience is what the wise person must follow。On the other hand，John pointed out: "I don't agree with those things that have abandoned my time，Complained to recommend it to future generations。"The ancestors also made a lot of mistakes，Compared with scholars of the same time，They can’t be the authority today。

　Learn Seven Arts and Classical Knowledge

In terms of specific learning content，John believes that Qiyi and classical knowledge are necessary to learn。continued classical tradition during the medieval period，School Professor ARTES LIBERALES，Liberal Arts，Modern and modern also known as Boya Technology/Education or General Education)，Specifically divided into "Trivium" (Trivium) -grobium、Rhetoric、Dialectical and "Quadrivium" -Tabicide、Geometry、astronomy、Music。Law、Theology and medicine must not learn further after mastering these disciplines，Among them, theology is considered to be "the Queen of all art"。John has studied in France for 12 years，Follow multiple famous teachers，I learned seven arts and theology。He expressed bet365 Play online games the maintenance of Qiyi in his book "Logic": "'Poetry is the birth of philosophy'，This is axiom。other，Pioneers tell us that Qiyi learning is very useful，Master seven arts，Even if there is no teacher，I also understand all books and text。As Kunti Lian said: ‘These learning will not hurt those who have mastered，But the stagnant person。'"

John also attaches importance to the acquisition of classical knowledge，It is very necessary to think that reading and learning the works of ancient philosophers，The knowledge they provided is very valuable: "Ancient philosophers are famous for their talents，The contribution they made in their own field have been accepted by the public。Through learning these talented people，Provide a way to provide puzzling questions，With their help，There are many successful discoveries，Makes us happy and admired。"No need to be afraid to read the work of a pagan philosopher，Due to cautious and smart readers will abandon errors，Reading range should be widely，"All works need to read except that some of them are proved to read without reading，Because all works are practical，Although sometimes it will be used wrong "。There must be a key point when reading，For example, a book on moral philosophy needs to be carefully read。From the writings of John, we can see that he quoted a large number of classical works。Of course，John as a clergy，Practice to integrate classical classical beliefs，When classic classics do not match the concept of Christ，John no longer refer to classic classic。

　　Pay attention to ethical education

　John formed its own moral ethics view on the basis of Aristotle's virtue。First，virtue is a relatively stable state，A habit of character。2，Virtue has moderate principles，Find the middle point of excessive and too late，The habit of moderate principles is very important for moral life。Third，John believes that knowledge is very important for virtue acquisition。Knowledge helps to understand what is virtue，Decide what is moderate。

John's educational concept includes ethical factors- "My book (" Logic ") Follow Morality，Because I firmly believe，Unless they have a positive impact on personal lifestyle。Any philosophy as long as it is not cultivated the fruit of virtue and guidance to people，It is invalid。"This view is fully explained，Learning does not simply make people smart or knowledgeable，If you learn, you can't help to establish a correct character，So good education without value，And the technology used in the process of acquiring knowledge is affiliated with moral judgment。Appropriate learning is not only determined by the number of knowledge，It also includes the quality of educational experience。From John's view，Morality and intelligence are important。Useful knowledge is not to make people simply get wealth、Power and status，Otherwise, it will be indulgent，The purpose of education is to improve both wisdom and virtues，We must improve the quality of the soul，Finally get happiness。

It is worth noting that，John has studied in France for 12 years，Although I have not witnessed the bet365 Play online games period of knowledge active in Saudi,，But he is very affected by Saudi scholars。I taught John’s Illey、William and Gilbert are well -known scholars at Saudi School，Add John and other teachers and students，They have mastered new texts and methods，Unlike previous church schools，represents the most cutting -edge academic level at that time，As Saysen said: "(their thoughts) are not the wisdom of someone and the results of a short existence of school，It represents a stage of the sustainable development of Western academics and medieval humanism。"John is a student of" humanities "，It is also a "humanist"。The main majors of humanists during this period are mainly literature and philosophy instead of theology，They try to defend Qiyi as the basis for all learning and training。Although John lacks accuracy of classic classics，and forge the classic，But because of its rich classical knowledge，It is still called "the greatest classical scholar in the Middle Ages"。John expressed the perspective of pursuing happiness in secular society through education and letters，As its summary in the last paragraph of "Logic": "Let readers pray，Eliminate the neglected darkness，The vanity of the person will be uprooted，Inspiration，Make me active researcher，Lover and Observer of Truth。”

(This article is the Historical Inspection of the Middle Ages "Social Science Planning Youth Project" Medieval Western European Intellectual Thoughts and Activities "(18DLSJ04) phase -based results)

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Bet365 lotto review Shandong Normal University)