European and American universities started earlier in building an entrepreneurial education system，After more than half a century of development，I have accumulated some useful experience and methods，The common point is to set the ultimate goal of teaching to help students get the concept and method of innovation and entrepreneurship，and actively encourage and support the practical exploration of students' innovation and entrepreneurship。

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1947，The entrepreneurial education system of American universities is initially established。Establishment of professional courses of "Innovation Enterprise Management"，It marks the first entrepreneurial education in the education system of American universities。After 20 years later，Many universities in the United States have set up related entrepreneurial education courses and entrepreneur training education plans。As of 1990，The number of universities setting up for entrepreneurial courses in the United States has exceeded 1,000。Since then，The American electronic technology and network communication technology products have spread rapidly，provided more entrepreneurial directions and opportunities for the society，Open a new round of fermentation of entrepreneurial education。early 21st century，Entrepreneurship education in the United States has entered the mature stage，The entrepreneurial education system of various universities is also increasingly perfect。

The content of American entrepreneurial education is not limited to how to drive students how to open an enterprise，Instead of skills for students、Thinking、Entrepreneurship knowledge and other comprehensive forward -looking training。With the areas involved in entrepreneurial education, continuous expansion and extension，The U.S. government has formulated the "Vocational Education Law", "Vocational Training and Cooperation Law" and "American Innovation Strategy"Bet365 app download 、The corresponding laws and regulations and macro strategic documents such as the "Entrepreneurship United States" plan，If the "Entrepreneurship United States" plan stipulates，The National Science Foundation (NSF) invested 10 million US dollars to establish a national center for innovation and entrepreneurship for engineering colleges。June 2004，The American Entrepreneurship Education Alliance released the "National Content Standard for Entrepreneurship Education" and proposed three parts of entrepreneurial education、15 standards such as category and several expressive indicators such as categories。

The characteristics of entrepreneurial education in American universities are mainly reflected in the following three aspects。First，Course settings wide，Strong content。Settings of entrepreneurial education courses in the United States，Target is generally stronger，And each university according to its own teaching advantages，Optimize course system。For example，MIT Institute of Technology、University of California and other high -tech entrepreneurship; San Francisco University、Johns Hopkins University and other major enterprise institutions start a business。Second，Entrepreneurship education courses are more diverse。Considering the personal growth experience of college students、Experience、Personality and other differences，Their demand for entrepreneurial courses will also be slightly different，Therefore，American universities are more flexible and diverse in the setting of entrepreneurial education courses，Students can choose courses according to their own advantages。Based on this，American universities also conduct advanced courses，Guide through social resources and professional teachers to continuously deepen teaching theory and practice。third，Absorb market forces in the teaching system。First, let market companies participate in entrepreneurial education。Limited educational resources provided by the US government，Universities in order to seek more practical、Wide resources，Vigorously attract market forces to join the education system，Through the cooperation bet365 best casino games of both parties，Provide more practical opportunities for teachers and students。Second, various market investment institutions have become incubators for entrepreneurial education。Even some powerful universities in order to improve students' practical ability，Acquisition some local SMEs，Let students participate in the management and management of enterprises。

　　Germany: Pay attention to personalized training

1956，German universities launched the "Simulation Company" entrepreneurial education method for the first time in economic majors，It was later considered the beginning of the German entrepreneurial education system。1970，The University of Cologne, Germany first set up courses and research plans related to entrepreneurial education，Gradually integrate entrepreneurial education with various professional courses。The 1990s，The German government has successively launched a series of entrepreneurial development plans，and invested a lot of funds from 1999 to 2001，Sustainable development of entrepreneurial education。In addition，The German government has continuously improved the relevant tax bill，Ensure that the tax standards of college student entrepreneurship companies are maintained at a lower range，Stimulate the enthusiasm of college students from the policy aspect。

Entrepreneurship education in German universities has always pursued non -utilitarian "Humboldt Education Concepts"，Encourage students to pursue scientific truth，Strengthen students' love of scientific research。Since then，German universities integrate entrepreneurial education into general education courses，Expand the curriculum system to law、Economics、Management and other disciplines，Make sure that entrepreneurial education can help students get wider knowledge，Further increase the success rate of their entrepreneurial business。In addition，German universities also pay special attention to the personalized guidance and cultivation of students' entrepreneurial orientation。Personalized guidance and training for each student in terms of learning specialties and entrepreneurial interests，Improve the level of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial bet365 live casino games ability of college students。German universities also extensively develop with German banks and some large enterprises、In -depth cooperation，Encourage financial institutions and corporate community to set up an entrepreneurial investment fund，Give college entrepreneurial education and the growth of entrepreneurial talents with strong support。Powerful social innovation forces are combined with colleges and universities，provides a guarantee for the entrepreneurial education of colleges and universities，Conditions for the personalized development of the innovation and entrepreneurship of colleges and universities。Entrepreneurship courses in German universities are very prominent，First, a relatively complete entrepreneurial education course system has been established，Provide students with personalized curriculum learning resources。If entrepreneur spiritual training、Innovation and entrepreneurial management、Financial management and other courses covering entrepreneurial education content。Second, the introduction of the tendency of enrollment，Dredging students' personalized development channels。If Munich University of Technology understands and evaluates the students' application materials，Make sure who is suitable for specific courses，Screening for targeted teaching activities。Third, the teaching process of the entrepreneurial curriculum will be deeply integrated in industry and academics，Reinforcement of practicality of talent training。Type connection with enterprises is the universal feature of German universities，Through the study and practice of enterprises，Improving students' learning ability and entrepreneurial quality，If observation、recognition forces、Analysis、Strey、Competitiveness, etc.。

　UK: Strengthen entrepreneurial practice

Starting in 1980，The British government gradually realizes the importance of entrepreneurial education，and use it as an important driving force for improving the national economic development level。Therefore，During the subsequent 40 years，The British government and universities actively promote the construction and improvement of the entrepreneurial education system。Initial，The utilitarianism Bet365 app download of British entrepreneurial education has obviously not achieved the actual effect。Late period，Many universities in the UK have begun to change entrepreneurial education，Start from the concept，Focus on cultivating students' entrepreneurial spirit and expertise，Ensure that students will be in future entrepreneurs，Have enough strength to support its development。British colleges and universities pay special attention to the practice of entrepreneurship in college students，Realized through multiple channels。The first is the policy framework for improving entrepreneurial practice。Invoicing the establishment of a scientific and entrepreneurial center from the British government in 1999，Integrate entrepreneurship into traditional teaching，By 2004, the "Entrepreneurship Insight" project established by the British Commercial Institution (SBS) funding (SBS) fund，By 2007, the British government released the "Entrepreneurship University" policy document drafted by the academic consultant of the National College Student Entrepreneurship Committee Allen Gib，All all emphasize that college students' entrepreneurial practice cannot only stay in traditional classroom teaching，Instead, you should pay attention to the training of entrepreneurial skills，Promote the improvement of students' entrepreneurial ability and quality in actual entrepreneurship and direct participation in business practice，It reflects the British government and colleges and universities work together to create a good entrepreneurial practice culture。The second is to build a platform，Architecture Entrepreneurship Service System。Many universities in the UK，Ru Cambridge University、Lafborg University、The University of Saurent University has set up a practical platform such as the entrepreneurial center or the entrepreneurial park。Platform responsibility for division of labor clear，System reasonable and orderly。At the same time，To ensure the effective operation of the platform，College also put forward certain service regulations and requirements for relevant functional departments: the purpose of the academic department is based on the training of student Bet365 lotto review employment and entrepreneurship，Put forward the standard framework of the university teacher; the personnel recruitment department ensures that the newly recruited teachers have rich employment and entrepreneurial experience and industry professional background; the logistics support department provides students with advanced learning、Education and service space，Add "Student Experience"，Further improve the hard soft service，to build a complete entrepreneurial practice service system。Third is the practical experience，Accelerate the actual conversion of entrepreneurship。Universities formulate entrepreneurial teaching plan，greatly increases the practical experience time，If the University of Saurent requires students in the field of entrepreneurial education to have no less than 3 months of professional internship experience。At the same time，Strengthen the cooperation with entrepreneurial practice with the enterprise，Entrepreneurs who hire a large number of off -school companies to guide students。British government and universities at the same time create conditions to create conditions for college students' entrepreneurial practice experience service。In addition，The British government also set up a variety of entrepreneurial competitions，Universities provide various entrepreneurial practice activities according to their own actual situation，In the entrepreneurial mentor、Common guidance and participation of the enterprise，Make college students really participate in entrepreneurial practice。

In short，European and American universities in the construction of the entrepreneurial education system，Not only does it strive to improve the policy framework from the macro level and at the scale of school、Market recognition、Construction of a comprehensive entrepreneurial education system framework for the establishment of legal system guarantee and teacher -funded team construction，In terms of curriculum content settings, it is also based on a single college teaching mode，Transforming into a cross -disciplinary comprehensive quality training，Among them, not only strengthen the guidance bet365 live casino games and training of students' theoretical knowledge，Also pay more attention to students' entrepreneurial spirit、Will and graduation internship、Graduation Design and other specific content， This is an important guarantee for the entrepreneurial education system of European and American universities to continuously advance and achieve results。

　(Author Unit: Innovation and Entrepreneurship College of Hunan University of Science and Technology)