Liang Shuming once discussed the three major relationships about people: the relationship between man and nature、Interpersonal relationship，and people's own relationship。Since ancient times，The relationship between man and nature is one of the three important relationships that humans want to deal with。But before the outbreak of the modern ecological crisis，Because the contradiction between the two has not been intensified，Therefore, it does not attract enough attention。From the perspective of time，The development of human civilization is to gradually understand nature、The process of transforming nature and constructing nature。Due to geographical location、Philosophy tradition、The fundamental differences exist in the economic model，The construction of the relationship between people and nature in Chinese and Western traditions is also very different。It is generally considered，The dominant position in China is "the unity of heaven and man"，Promoting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature，Proposal of Awe of Nature、conforms to nature。and the West is "Two points of Heaven"，Persist in the dual opposition of human and nature，Proposal to conquer nature、Reconstruction of nature。

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The 1960s，Western modern ecological crisis first erupted in the United States，After gradually spreading to all parts of the world。1967，American historian Lyan White pointed out in his classic article "The Historical Roots of Ecological Crisis" that the root of the ecological crisis is that the source of ecological crisis is that modern science advocates it.，Its essence is to treat nature as resources and tools for people。Therefore，We cannot rely entirely on technology to solve bet365 best casino games the ecological crisis，Can't continue to follow people and nature constructive models under the dominance of dual opposite thinking，Instead, you need to find a new religion，or re -reflect on the old religion "。White's article has aroused extensive and enthusiastic discussions，The relationship between people and nature is the core question of discussion。

Binary Confrontation Thought is a direct inducement of the concept of "Two points of heaven" in the West，It has been revealed during the ancient Greek period，Can be continued in the Christian tradition，At the Perian period，It is the leading concept of becoming the construction of the relationship between human and nature，"I. G. Simmons" (I. G. Simmons) is legalized from this。Modern science mechanical theory natural concept of nature and the thinking mode of the main and guests two points together promote the establishment of human centerist thought，and paved the road for the development of industrial civilization，It also laid a foreshadowing for the arrival of the ecological crisis。

　　"The unity of heaven and man" attracts Western attention

"Heaven and Man" is the core concept of traditional Chinese processing people and natural relationships。Dutch Sinologist J. J. M. De Groot created the word "universism" in 1918，It is dedicated to referring to the interoperability between the Oriental and nature、A supplementary relationship，It is believed that people and nature form a continuous body，instead of the dual opposition between the West。Fernolsa (1853-1908) in the United States compares Chinese and Western philosophy，I believe that no one in Western tradition and the harmonious concept of nature，"But in China，This kind of thought has almost since the beginning of human beings。Yijing Philosophy，Get further strengthened from Confucius，Everything in the natural world is harmonious，Human and naturally live in harmony，Because both are dominated by God "。

"Heaven and Man Unity" causes widespread attention from the West，After the rise of the Western Modern Environmental Protection Bet365 app download Movement in the 1960s。Represented by White，Many ecological researchers in the West began to reflect on Western culture，and try to find inspiration to treat the modern ecological crisis from the oriental tradition。From this，As Wang Zhengping said，"The tendency to return to‘ Oriental Ecological Wisdom ’appears。Where，The traditional ‘heaven and man’ s unity ’thought in China as a unique and profound philosophical proposition，It has the modern ecological ecosystem value，That is to maintain the balance of the entire ecosystem of modern humans，The real moral significance of the relationship between coordination and nature，It is getting more and more attention from people "。Houston Smith、Allen Watz、Capla、Lee Joseph、Gali Stanard、Bill Dewell and George Sexinji have given a high evaluation of the Oriental Organic Natural Concertly Excellence。Driven by the World Religious Research Center of Yale University，A batch of papers and monographs came out one after another。Since the 1980s and 1990s，Focus on the traditional ecological wisdom of the East gradually becomes a show in the West。

　　The interpretation of "Heaven and Man Unity" cannot compose its ideological core

German Sinologist Bu Songshan in its "Revelation of the Chinese Traditional Culture to the Modern World -Talking from the" Heaven and Man ""，Fully affirmed the positive meaning of the people and the unity of people and nature reflected in the "unity of heaven and man" in solving the modern ecological crisis。The non -binary confrontation thinking embodied "unity of heaven and man" is the dominant mode of the construction of the relationship between the relationship between the ancient people and the natural relationship，People are an inseparable part of nature，and together constitute a whole，This kind of non -human centerist thought is in sharp contrast with the two ideas of the main and guests under the leadership of the Western dual -dualist thinking mode。How to reflect its essential differences during translation，It Bet365 app download is a question that translator needs to pay attention to。

In 2014, the "China Ideological and Cultural Termid Communication Project" was obtained by the State Council，It is intended to provide authoritative translations for Chinese ideological and cultural terms，But in its posted corpus，"Heaven and Man Unity" is still translated as Heaven and Man are united as one。Although in the interpretation of its connotation，Emphasized "World View and Thinking of Heaven and Earth"，But heaven is still regarded as a peer of "sky"。Swiss scholar Ralph Weber pointed out: "To translate the terminology of‘ heaven and man ’in non -Chinese’ s purpose, readers，One of the difficulties is how to achieve the original meaning，Different transplants in a completely different cultural context。The translation of ‘Sky’ is particularly troublesome，The approach to translated it as ‘heaven’ was usually criticized。"" The famous contemporary Sinologist An Lezhe Anye's essential differences about the essential differences between Heaven and "Tian" explained: "God in the Bible，Frequently used to refer to ‘heaven’，Created the world，But the heavens in classical Chinese are the world ... What is the world that is the world，How is the world formed ... Heaven is both the creator and the existence of all things。There is no obvious boundary between the order of order itself and order "。"Paradise" in Christianity is considered to be better than the real material world that exists，The concept of a typical dual opposition，"Sky" in traditional Chinese culture is a typical non -binary opposition concept。Tang Yijie believes，The meaning of "sky" is summarized at least three types: the dominant days (the person of the personality god)、Nature Tian (with nature)、The Day of Lesson (with transcendence、Morality)。"Sky" is both the material world，The highest master of the material world，So the translation of "Tian" in traditional Chinese thoughts into Heaven is obviously inappropriate。Bet365 app download "Sky" is not Nature (material world)。Nature purely refers to the material world，Reflected the typical master and guest separation thought，and "Sky" does not distinguish the spiritual and material world。Because of this，An Lezhe translated "The Analects"，Select transliteration tian，Because he believes that "Heaven" will be reminiscent of the imagery from Jewish -Christian tradition，and translated into "nature" is not accurate。

　　Prefer to consider alienation translation

Given that the construction of the relationship between people and nature in China and the West is a fundamental difference，This difference is closely related to the irresponsibleness between Chinese and Western philosophy。Therefore，The fundamental difference between "unity of heaven and man" and "two points of heaven" should be reflected，This difference is the modern value and world significance of "unity of heaven and man"。Therefore，May wish to learn from Anlezhe，Translate "Sky" as "TIAN"，"Tiansheng One" transliterate as "Tianrenheyi"，The reason for the translation of this alienation is: first，Patients with the adequacy of transliteration。As described earlier，Discussion and excavation of the ecological value of the "unity of heaven and man" began in modern Western ecological researchers，West has a clear understanding of its unique ecological connotation，And with the continuous increase of Chinese learners in the world driven by the Confucius Institute，Western readers' acceptance of Chinese pinyin gradually increases，It is feasible to use transliteration。Second，Transliteration can highlight the value of ecological terms with Chinese characteristics。third，Use the unified translation of transliteration to regulate the current "unity of heaven and man".，More convenient to spread。fourth，Principles that conform to the history of history，For example, other Chinese traditional cultural concept yin、yang、TAO, etc. It has become a familiar term in British and American readers。

Of course，For ordinary Western readers，Maybe it will be uncomfortable Bet365 lotto review when you start to accept this alienation translation，We might as well use injection to explain，Specific translation of Du Weiming, a representative of New Confucian studies。Du Weiming believes that the thoughts reflected by "the unity of heaven and man" can be expressed with Anthropocosmic，I believe that humans include in the universe，Anthropocentric (human centerism)，That is, the thoughts of humans and nature are completely different。His translation has been fully affirmed by the two professors of Yale University Tucker and Bai Shilang，The world view of "Anthropocosmic" is considered by God、The seamless connection between humans and the natural world is a typical feature "，It can provide a new perspective for solving the global environmental crisis。

The relationship between people and nature is ultimately a social construction。To solve the modern ecological crisis，Must be abandoned on the basis of the two -class thought based on the dual opposite thinking，Use non -binary opposition to reconstruct the harmony between man and nature。The modern ecological value of "Tianren and Man" is reflected in the perspective of its non -binary opposition，Is the inseparable separation of the material world and the spiritual world、The inseparable division of nature and human beings。In traditional translation practice，In order to facilitate the purpose of the purpose of the purpose, the reader accepts our culture，We will inevitably change the reader of the target language，Frequent use of their familiar purpose to replace the core concepts in our traditional culture，But the disadvantage of doing this is to make our own cultural characteristics comprehensive。Our translation should show the advantages of traditional Chinese culture，It plays a role in promoting the effective "going global" for Chinese culture。

　(This article is the State Social Science Foundation Project "The Greater China Library" foreign translation of Chinese -English comparison matching research "(16byy030) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Language, Three Gorges University in Yichang, Hubei)