Call for the response era，National Social Science Fund Chinese Academic Explanation Project、Classic China International Publishing Project、Mutual Translation Plan for Chinese and Foreign Books、Silk Road Shuxiang Publishing Project and other projects have landed，Provides a strong platform guarantee for Chinese academic "going global"。Although the current Chinese academic foreign translation business is in full swing，But in the specific translation practice，The philosophical position of some problems, especially the source text, and the attention of the reader's acceptance position is not enough，Therefore，This is a regret。

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Famous American philosopher Brand Brandhad believes，Philosophy is the cause of understanding the world。Philosophical position is a specific way to understand the world，So different philosophical positions reflect different ways to understand the world。Writing speaker is borrowing language portrayal、When describing the world, it must be mixed with a specific way to understand the world。Generally speaking，Understanding the path is consistent with the actual actual situation，After all, this is the most labor -saving way of thinking。For example，Aristotle believes that the origin of the world is material，It is a real objective thing that lays the foundation of the world。Of course，There are different ways to understand the world。Plato believes that things in the objective world are "copies" of "ideas"，As a origin, "ideas"。The former is usually called materialism，The latter is usually called idealism。If you understand the world of two sages, do not distinguish the world，Misunderstandings about their works and even do not understand it, it becomes a high probability event。

Similar，In translation practice，Translator must also consider the philosophical position of the source text。If you ignore the Bet365 app download consideration of the philosophical position，As a result, it is either in the translation.，Either the translation can hardly be understood by the audience。

First，misunderstandings about source text not only have logical possibilities，It is a real reproduction of the reality。Take the pre -Qin master's work as an example (translated from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese)，With Gongsun Long、The pre -Qin master represented by Hui Shi was by Confucius、Xunzi and others reprimanded as a "sophistry" home，The reason is that the proposition proposed by the former is very weird。Contemporary scholars also put forward some different opinions，Or seeing famous artists as materialist or idealists，or regarded as a logicist、Theoretical scientist。These views can be found in "Gongsun Longzi" to prove。However, the problem is，The previous interpretation framework cannot be consistently explained to all the propositions of the famous artists (and only some propositions can be explained)，Even some explanation framework can be supported by some propositions and oppose other propositions。I think，The root cause of the problem is that the interpreter has not been very clear about the philosophical position of famous masterpieces。What needs to be mentioned is，Liu Limin regards famous artists as rationalist language philosophers，The distinction between "use" and "mention" in the philosophy of modern Western modern language，Re -express the propositions without punctuation in ancient Chinese，It can be found that the discussion of the famous artists is not the level of experience，but the language level，The purpose of this statement is to attract the hearian's high attention to the language level (not the experience level)。The author explained all the propositions of the famous artist based on the language philosophy of the author，reached the internal integration and consistency of ideas。This provides a new perspective for understanding the pre -Qin master。For the time being, regardless of whether this interpretation really reproduces the spiritual essence of the famous master，This new interpretation framework Bet365 app download is worth paying attention to。

2，The "source text can hardly be understood by the audience" here refers to the translator if he does not clarify the philosophical position of the source text in advance，It is difficult for the audience to grasp the content of the content of the translation，This is not the same as that the reader's acceptance of the reader's acceptance below。For example，"Journey to the West" is a household name in China，However, "Journey to the West" "travel" abroad has repeatedly bumped into the wall。Fang Berlin pointed out，The biggest confusion faced by American college students when reading "Journey to the West" is not a translation problem，but the conflict of the belief system。If the translator is not sure and clarifies the religious background of "Journey to the West" (here is temporarily regarded religion as a meaning of philosophy)，Do not sort out the origin of various characters，and only follow the source text, word by word, and sentence，and only follow the source text, word by word, and sentence。This is here，Even if the audience knows each word of the translation、Sentence，The translation itself is also difficult to understand for him，Because the background knowledge and philosophical positions involved are exotic。

So，The philosophical position of clarifying the source text is very important。This brings the following revelation to the translation practice: removing faithful translation source text，Translators need to be part of the philosophical position of the source text in the preface (or preface) of the translation，Play the ideological background of the source text，so that readers can grasp the ideological positioning of the translation before entering the text of the translation。

　Grasp the reader's acceptance position

2012，Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature，This is a breakthrough of "zero" of Chinese writers。The academic community generally believes，Translator Ge Haowen plays an important role in the translation of his works。Ge Haowen once systematically explained his concept of translation: first，Translation is cross -cultural communication activities。Translation bet365 Play online games involves expressing the thoughts of a social group in the language of another social group to express。2，Translation must adhere to the principle of loyalty。The function of the translation is to transmit thoughts from one language to another language，Therefore, the content of the translation must be loyal to the original text。third，Translation is "betrayal"。This objective facts based on translation are impossible to be completely equivalent。But "betrayal" is not casual，Instead, according to the characteristics of the target language、Target language culture and acceptance environment "correction"，Make the translation easier to be understood by the reader。Fourth，Translation is rewriting。Differences between Chinese and Western language and culture，The attitude towards specific things is very different，Therefore, you need to rewrite the expectations of the target audience during the translation process。

Translation is produced in language incomplete，The purpose of translation is to resonate with the help of language conversion。If you do not consider the translation activities in the same language community，Translation is indeed a cross -cultural communication activity。But cross -cultural communication will always encounter problems，Erotic errors、Misunderstanding or not understanding, etc.，The reason behind it is that the language is public，The meaning is private。This view is unreasonable: According to the semantic overall theory of the cause，The carrying unit of meaning is not a single word or sentence，Significant explanation depends on the entire belief system of individuals。This is here，Completely equivalent translation is almost impossible (the mutual translation of hardening terms should be exception)，The reason behind it is that the belief system is a personal special。In other words，The language symbol itself has a personal knowledge system and the brand of collective cultural background。

By examining the most popular English translation in Mo Yan's works -"Life and Death Fatigue" translated Bet365 app download by Ge Haowen，Shao Lu pointed out that the English translation is not accurate or loyal to the academic and media。Translator On the one hand, by deleting cultural load information to reduce the obstruction of the translation in the target language culture; on the other hand, the use of the "pseudo -loyalty" translation method highlights Chinese culture and language characteristics to convey the exotic style of the source text。The so -called "pseudo -loyalty"，refers to "faithful" in the form of translation.，In terms of meaning and cognitive effect, "unfaithful" in the source text。It should be noted，Ge Haowen deleted a cultural load word that is slightly strange for the target readers，It is relatively ordinary、Vocabulary that is not obvious in style marks。

I think，Ge Haowen is not only adding the cognitive burden of "exotic beauty" to the translation readers，At the same time, they are "reducing burdens" for readers of translation -avoid too unfamiliar "exotic beauty"。Actually，This is not conflicting: "burden reduction" is to allow readers to go smoothly、Smooth appreciate the plot content and chapter structure of foreign works，The purpose of "increasing" is to add the unique cultural charm of the work，To attract readers' interests。Needless doubt，This theoretical translation guidance principle is not easy to grasp in practice，But the fact that the success of Ge Haowen's translation just shows that he found a balance point between these two contradictions，That is。

What needs to be pointed out is，The "Reader's Reader Acceptance" in this article refers to the social collective beliefs in the translation audience，That is the social collective rules、Basic consistent views on the world，Including the worldview、Philosophy Explanation、Value、Aesthetic, etc.。This is the number of conventions of the belief network of independent individuals within the group。Social collective beliefs are relatively stable，But it can also be changed -continuously updated with the rich experience experience。

So，Ge Haowen's translation view has inherent logic: bet365 Play online games it is realized that translation is communication between different cultures，Then "betrayal" and rewriting are specific translation strategies adopted under the principle of loyalty。Specific speaking，Translation is the carrier of cross -cultural communication，The cultural specificity of the language symbol itself、Personal specificity makes it almost impossible for a complete peer translation。In this context，It is very difficult to be completely loyal to the source text，Translators must make adjustments during the translation- "betrayal" or rewriting，This is closely related to the reader's acceptance position。

Translation view is the guidance idea of ​​translation activities，The success of the translation is that the audience can understand、Appreciate the translation。From this perspective，It is because Ge Haowen puts the reader's acceptance of the first place，He was able to refine the translation concept of guiding translation activities。Reader's acceptance position has made important contributions to the formation of translator's concept。

　Can't ignore the main role of the translator

If the function of language is to convey thoughts，Then the function of translation is to convey ideas between different languages。Different languages ​​contain different philosophical views and world views，So translation is not just a conversion between different language symbols，but cultural connotation、Philosophy、Consultation between national thought。So，Ferryer between the source text and translation，The task of the translator is unprecedented: not only to grasp the philosophical position of the source text，It is also necessary to weigh the reader's acceptance position。

Translator in translation，It's like a helmsman to a giant wheel。April 2, 2019，At the "International Communication Symposium on Contemporary Chinese Academia" held at Fudan University，Ge Zhaoguang said that the key to Chinese academic "going global" is the translator。The translation is the result of the joint creation of the author and the translator，The purpose is to resonate with the belief network and cognitive habits of readers in the English world。

We firmly believe，With bet365 live casino games a large number of foreign language levels high、The establishment and growth of the translator team with deep Chinese skills，Chinese academics will accelerate to international stage。At that time，The greatness of Chinese civilization -contributes the unique Chinese wisdom to the world，will be reflected to the fullest，At the same time, it will also lay a cultural stable base stone for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。

　(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Southwest Jiaotong University; School of Foreign Languages ​​from Sichuan University)