"Skopostheorie" is a bet365 refer a friend code theory proposed by Hans Vermeer in the 1970s，The core concept is: the most important factor in the bet365 refer a friend code process is the purpose of the overall bet365 refer a friend code behavior。The theory is that，The law of purpose is at the top of a series of laws，That is, “Any bet365 refer a friend code behavior is determined by the purpose of bet365 refer a friend code。That is, the purpose of bet365 refer a friend code determines the means of bet365 refer a friend code”。Based on this theory，The purpose of bet365 refer a friend code behavior determines the strategy of achieving the expected goal，That is, the bet365 refer a friend code product should perform the expected function for the intended recipient。In the framework of bet365 refer a friend code skopos，One of the most important factors in determining the purpose of bet365 refer a friend code is the audience，The recipient indicated by the bet365 refer a friend code。Every bet365 refer a friend code points to a certain audience，Therefore, bet365 refer a friend code is a discourse produced for a certain purpose and target audience in the target language situation。

　　Teaching bet365 refer a friend code

Teaching bet365 refer a friend code is bet365 refer a friend code related to teaching activities，or bet365 refer a friend code for teaching purposes。Long time，This type of bet365 refer a friend code is not taken seriously by the bet365 refer a friend code research community。A typical product of teaching bet365 refer a friend code is the reference bet365 refer a friend code in foreign language textbooks。The function of the reference bet365 refer a friend code is to enable learners to rely on the corresponding sentences of the bet365 refer a friend code to understand the original text when they cannot understand it，So under the guidance of this purpose，The requirement is more literal bet365 refer a friend code than the literal bet365 refer a friend code in the general sense of literary bet365 refer a friend code，We should try our best to match the words on the bottom line of the smoothness of the target language，When it is really difficult, you should at least match the sentences，In this way, the purpose of enabling learners to see “what parts of the original text they did not understand or made mistakes in” can be achieved。

The situation the author encountered when translating Lesson 11 "Camel Xiangzi" of "Japanese Comprehensive Course (Volume 6)" by the Foreign Education Society is a good example。This text is written by Lao She、Translated into Japanese by Tachima Shosuke。If it is in a literary bet365 refer a friend code book，Just paste Lao She’s original text，But the text bet365 refer a friend code of teaching bet365 refer a friend code cannot be like this。Because literary bet365 refer a friend code allows free bet365 refer a friend code that is far from the original text，Including reverse bet365 refer a friend code、Back bet365 refer a friend code、Additional bet365 refer a friend code、Application of techniques such as subtractive bet365 refer a friend code。Translations that apply these techniques，The "appearance" of words and sentences is definitely very different from the original text，These "discrepancies" are "inappropriate" for foreign language teaching。For example，The text is: "Xiangzi is walking away。が、二、三歩も行ったところでとまってしまった。Camelのことが気になったのである。" Lao She's original text is: "Xiangzi has already run twenty or thirty steps，But he refused to run away，He couldn’t bear to part with those camels。”As a literary bet365 refer a friend code, the above treatment of the Japanese text is beyond reproach，But in teaching bet365 refer a friend code，If Lao She’s original text is copied as the text bet365 refer a friend code，Students will ask "Why not translate the first sentence？”“‘気になった’ also means ‘reluctant’？”These questions are difficult to answer through the bet365 refer a friend code itself。

The purpose of bet365 refer a friend code determines the bet365 refer a friend code strategy，The purpose of teaching foreign language intensive reading course (this textbook is the "Advanced Japanese" textbook for intensive reading course)，Let students know each word、The meaning of sentence patterns and collocations，The Chinese and foreign corresponding forms of each expression must be understood。Therefore，Our bet365 refer a friend code is: "Xiangzi ran out immediately. After running twenty or thirty steps, he refused to run again.He is thinking aboutThose camels。”It can be seen from the underlined part corresponding to the bet365 refer a friend code and the text，The bet365 refer a friend code completely corresponds to this part of the text，Enable students to understand the foreign language of the text at a glance。As for being faithful to Lao She’s original work，is not considered in teaching bet365 refer a friend code，The loyalty here should be to the original foreign text of the text。

In addition，The sentence in the text below is a mistranslation in Japanese bet365 refer a friend code，Lao She’s original words were “He felt quiet in his heart。Too lazy to get up". The text is "ほっとすると simultaneously,だるくなってきた”。If as a literary bet365 refer a friend code criticism article，The error should be pointed out and corrected。But the purpose of teaching bet365 refer a friend code is to allow students to learn the correct foreign language，From the correct perspective of foreign language, there is no problem with this sentence in Japanese，So the bet365 refer a friend code must follow the original Japanese text，We can no longer stick to Lao She’s original works。So，Our bet365 refer a friend code is: "He was quiet in his heart，At the same timeGetting lazy。"The difference between "getting lazy" and "being too lazy" is a thousand miles away。

Now，Textbooks or reference materials for foreign language majors are basically equipped with reference translations，These are the categories of teaching bet365 refer a friend code，But because of different purposes，The strategies are also different。If you simply and crudely copy readily published literary translations、Paste，Not only does it fail to achieve the purpose of this type of bet365 refer a friend code，There is also the risk of mistranslation and misrepresentation。Because apart from the bet365 refer a friend code products, few people specifically find the original texts to compare the finished products of literary bet365 refer a friend code，Even if someone finds out，If there is no fatal problem, few people will raise it。This is due to "the theme of the original work、The main purpose is allowed without obvious impact" is a very broad bottom line。There is even a bet365 refer a friend code corpus produced、Many mistranslations were discovered only after aligning sentences，If these literary bet365 refer a friend code texts containing mistranslations are introduced intact into the text reference bet365 refer a friend code，The consequences will be unimaginable。

Except for intensive reading of textbooks，Textbooks for other courses、The translations in the teaching reference should also be translated according to their different teaching purposes。For example，The bet365 refer a friend code examples in the bet365 refer a friend code course textbooks should be more literary than the literary bet365 refer a friend code examples，Need to translate it meaningfully、Back bet365 refer a friend code、Interpretation、Additional bet365 refer a friend code、Abbreviated bet365 refer a friend code and other techniques。To use the published bet365 refer a friend code directly，Then it can be used only after strictly checking and correcting mistranslations against the original text。The bet365 refer a friend code of oral interpretation teaching materials must highlight the accurate expression of meaning、Smooth and smooth features, etc.。Teaching translations for oral interpretation classes except reference translations of teaching materials，There are also interpretation exercises in class，At this time, the teacher’s demonstration and the students’ exercises are both teaching translations。The difference between teaching bet365 refer a friend code and actual interpreting behavior is，The former is accepted by students，The latter is intended for native speakers of the target language。This is the core factor of bet365 refer a friend code skopos theory - the issue of "audience"。Therefore, the former should proceed from the shallower to the deeper in content、Speech speed from slow to fast，Adjustments will be made based on student acceptance；The latter does not need to consider too much the listener’s language receptive ability，As long as you are loyal、Accurate、Tongshun、Just smooth。

　bet365 refer a friend code Teaching

The name bet365 refer a friend code teaching has two concepts: one refers to a kind of teaching behavior，That is, teaching behavior with the purpose of teaching bet365 refer a friend code skills，Teaching with other subjects (such as mathematics teaching、Legal Teaching、Philosophy teaching, etc.) are paralleled；The second refers to the lower branch of foreign language teaching，And intensive reading teaching、Oral English Teaching、Grammar teaching is paralleled。

bet365 refer a friend code teaching and teaching bet365 refer a friend code have an inclusive relationship in application: various teaching translations will be exposed and used in bet365 refer a friend code teaching。General foreign language professional bet365 refer a friend code courses can have foreign translators and Chinese translators、Foreign bet365 refer a friend code and Chinese interpretation、Chinese to foreign bet365 refer a friend code、Chinese bet365 refer a friend code and foreign interpretation, etc.。If it is bet365 refer a friend code, there will be more subdivided courses，For example，Literature/Film and Television bet365 refer a friend code (including Chinese to foreign and foreign to Chinese，The same below)、Business/Technology/Tourism bet365 refer a friend code、News/Social Science bet365 refer a friend code、Consecutive interpretation/simultaneous interpretation, etc.。Because the purposes of various courses are different，It is necessary to use different teaching bet365 refer a friend code strategies。But teaching bet365 refer a friend code cannot be exhaustively included in bet365 refer a friend code teaching。For example，Intensive reading of textbook text translations belongs to teaching bet365 refer a friend code，Not within the scope of bet365 refer a friend code teaching。Because the bet365 refer a friend code of the text bet365 refer a friend code so far is the work of teachers or translators，Instead of what students learn in bet365 refer a friend code classes，So it cannot be the scope of teaching and learning in bet365 refer a friend code teaching。

In addition，Teaching bet365 refer a friend code as a type of bet365 refer a friend code that is often overlooked，Should be a lower branch of bet365 refer a friend code，With literary bet365 refer a friend code、Oral bet365 refer a friend code, etc. are tied。Then，Teaching bet365 refer a friend code should appear in bet365 refer a friend code teaching，Become one of the teaching contents of bet365 refer a friend code。Unsystematic scientific research、Teaching bet365 refer a friend code products for teaching research，Often cannot meet the purpose of bet365 refer a friend code teaching。Currently，There is such a problem in the bet365 refer a friend code of many textbooks and texts - it is difficult for students to see the shadow of the original text in the bet365 refer a friend code，Thereby failing to achieve the "reference" purpose of "reference bet365 refer a friend code"，The difficulty in the original text still requires specific guidance from the teacher。Such a bet365 refer a friend code is separated from teaching。So，How to translate closely around the teaching purpose，It should also become the content of bet365 refer a friend code classes。Therefore，bet365 refer a friend code skopos theory can be extended to the specific behavior of bet365 refer a friend code teaching。Since bet365 refer a friend code teaching is "a teaching behavior with the purpose of teaching bet365 refer a friend code skills"，Then the content taught should cover all bet365 refer a friend code varieties。The bet365 refer a friend code purposes of different bet365 refer a friend code varieties also vary depending on the type。For example, literary bet365 refer a friend code、Spoken bet365 refer a friend code, etc.，The purposes vary depending on the species，This leads to different bet365 refer a friend code strategies。

In summary，From the perspective of bet365 refer a friend code skopos，Teaching bet365 refer a friend code is an independent type of bet365 refer a friend code，The purpose factor subject (intensive reading text bet365 refer a friend code、Literary bet365 refer a friend code、Interpretation, bet365 refer a friend code, etc.) purpose varies，Strategy must be determined based on purpose。Should be compared with literary bet365 refer a friend code、Film and television bet365 refer a friend code, etc. are tied together，Make it an independent bet365 refer a friend code variety。bet365 refer a friend code teaching is a teaching behavior aimed at teaching bet365 refer a friend code skills，Teach different bet365 refer a friend code varieties，The bet365 refer a friend code purposes and strategies should also be reflected differently in teaching。Clear the concepts and boundaries of teaching bet365 refer a friend code and bet365 refer a friend code teaching，It is beneficial to both bet365 refer a friend code and teaching。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund general project "Contrastive Research on the Interface of Grammaticalization and Lexicalization between Chinese and Japanese" (19BYY194)

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Hangzhou Normal University；Zhejiang Yuexiu Foreign Languages ​​University Eastern Languages ​​School)