Wang Guowei said in the "Yin Zhou Institutional Theory": "The change of Chinese politics and culture，Mo opera in the time of Yin Zhou。""，Generally speaking，Yin people still ghost，And Zhou people are preferred to respect the sky and emphasize people，The second generation does have obvious differences。But at the beginning of the Yi Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Yin Zhou still has certain continuity in his ideology，This point Ge Zhaoguang has a detailed discussion in "History of Chinese Thought"，and point out that in the early days of the week, people are not as civilized and rational as future generations imagined，Instead, the concept of the gods and ghosts of Yin Shang series is continued when the Yi Dai。But，Anything or concept from happening、Development to the end is the result of adapting to the needs of the times，The same religious concept of superstition。The rational spirit in the Book of Songs is a test of religious authority since Yin Shang，During this period，The era of Liyou in the Western Zhou Dynasty is an important historical stage。From the "Book of Songs" "Erya" part of the poems, the Western Zhou Dynasty Liyou Times，Religious authority has been moving towards decline。　　

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In ancient China, there was no lack of religious consciousness，It can be seen from the relics unearthed from Yin Ruins，Yin culture is a religious culture，Asks God everywhere in Yin Shang，Divination is the product of this religious belief。"Book of Rites · Table" said: "Yin people respect the gods，Leading the people with things，First ghost and then gift。"" "，The status of religious sacrifice in the Shang Dynasty surpassed the status of the etiquette of the monarch and minister。But，Early Western Zhou Dynasty，Although there is still a chapter in literary creation, there is still a chapter that Bet365 app download reflects God's devotion and awe，such as "Emperor God，Hehe。Supervisor Visits，No for the people ";" I will enjoy me，Viyangwei Niu，Victoria's Right "，But overall，After Zhou Yinyin's life，The spirit of rationality starts to look up，Zhou people gradually properly transformed Yin Shang's strong religious superstition to achieve political purposes for convenience rulers。For example, use divination in "Da Tan" to mobilize the rebellion before the war，"Luo Yan" uses divination to choose the capital to move the survivors of Yin Yin。At the same time，The stability of the Zhou Dynasty for a long time to think about themselves and nature、Social relationship provides opportunities，Coupled with the change of society，Makes primitive religious superstitions no longer suitable for social development，People start to consciously explore new life theory support。"Ban", "Dang", "Sang Rou" and other poems have begun to doubt the authority of the sky，such as "God Board，The people of the people are dying ";" God of God，It has more lives "。

According to "Mandarin · Zhou Yu" record，Li Wang Ren used the minister Rongyi Gong，Suppressing public opinion，Corruption tyrannical to extreme。The two backs of the king and the Chinese people，Destroy people's belief in destiny and divine rights，Although "Guo Mo dares to speak"，But it also led to "the princes do not enjoy，Wang Liu Yu 彘 "，This period is the beginning of the authority of the sky。To the era of Youwang，Chaogang waste，Social turmoil，Natural disasters and human disasters and arrival，"Heavenly Funeral，Hungry Recommended Zhen "，It has accelerated the collapse of the dynasty。"Mandarin · Zhou Yu" recorded "Wang Li opera"，It is the event of the establishment of the establishment of the head of the head of the ancestral law system with the power of the emperor，The destructive of this feudal order。The result is，Symbol of Tianwei, Tianwei, gradually decreased with the decline of the Zhou room，The religious concept inherited since the beginning of the week bet365 best casino games can be said to be gradually declining。At this time, a large number of reflection of mourning、Resentment poem with time and disadvantages，"Sky" reflected in "Xiaoya" and "Da Ya"，It can be said to be an authoritative sweeping ground。"Da Ya" has "Zhan 卬".，Don’t bless people's livelihood，"Zhao Yan" is even more urgent to sorrow and call God's ruthless disaster reduction。"Xiaoya" poems such as "Jienan Mountain" resent the world and do not care about the world，"October Together" is even more destiny，Makes people unable to stabilize the day。These expressions narrate the reality of the Nilly of the Western Zhou Dynasty from different angles，Drawing the suffering sentient beings in the context of social turmoil，Ironics is strong。Due to the long -term turbulence of society，The corruption of the rulers，The people's belief in God also begins to shake，The original religious spirit is shaking。　　

　　Ancestral worship spirit strengthen

Religion always thinks about a supervisor about life behavior，When the status of God or Ghost God declines，need a new subject to implement the supervision of the world。The Tianwei in the religious spirit of the Book of Songs gradually lost，But the status of the ancestor worship and sacrifice is increasingly prominent，An important part of becoming a national tradition。This is because of，The Society of the Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the patriarchal system，The concept of "relatives" in which as a spiritual bond in which the clan society，Need ancestral worship to enhance cohesion and sense of identity。It can be said，The enhancement of Zhou Shizu's worship spirit is the inevitable result of the loss of the sky。"Book of Songs · Chutz" reappears the whole process of the ancestors who actively prepare for sacrifice，and the scene where the family gathers after the sacrifice，Again a grand and solemn atmosphere: "Think of wine and food，Enjoy sacrifice。To 侑，Jiji。Jiji，絜 絜，Taste in the past。or Peel or Heng，Fire or will。I wish the sacrifice Bet365 app download in 祊，Confucius Confucius ... Etiquette is both prepared，Bell and Drums Betting。Xiaosun，Gongzhuzhi。Divine Drunk，Bell Drum Sending Corpse。Bell Drum Sending Corpse，God guarantee。”

Zhou people's trust and awe of the ancestor gods，To a certain extent, it is different from the ancestor sacrifice during the Yin and Shang Dynasty。First，In terms of choosing ancestor target for sacrifice，Zhou Dynasty paid more attention to the relationship between the ancestors' sacrifice。As described in Wang Guowei's "Yin Zhou Institutional Theory"，Yin people are almost omnipotent，"The law of the law of the businessman's unity is not the right of respect，Its sacrifice method has no distant distant respect，、Respect two righteousness，Nothing to "also"，And Zhou people attach importance to "relatives and respect"，Sacrifice of course choose，"Ran Zhou's system，Also useful of the unified person，The sacrifice method is "。Zhou people's sacrifice method，There are four temples (big king、Wang Ji、Wang Wang、Wu Wang)、Seven Temples (Later afterwards、The second king of civil and military)，can be seen from it，Zhou people's sacrifice to the ancestors' gods is different from the attitude of the ancestor sacrifice during the Yin and Shang Dynasty，It is to attach importance to the ethical relationship between people，and this is related to the weekly level system。Next，The Chongde atmosphere in the Zhou Dynasty sacrifice is also different from the strong religious atmosphere during the Yin Shang period。Wang Guowei thinks，The focus of Yin Zhou's change lies in Zhou Youde's concept，That is, "Yin Zhou's rise and fall is the rise and fall of virtue and virtue without virtue"。For example，The "Houzu Zhaosun，Non -guilty regret，It can be seen to be seen to the present，Zhou people reduced their religious significance in the praise of their ancestors，and pay more attention to expressing the trust and awe of the ancestors。Another example，"Destiny", "Extraordinary", "Equal with the Heaven" Bet365 lotto review in "Daming"，It is believed that only those with virtues can inherit the destiny and jurisdiction over the world，Wang Wang is the representative of Yin Xingzhou with his virtue，Therefore, there will be "King of Entry Criminal Culture，Wanbang Zuofu "said。"I will" combine the ritual of worshipwen king and praying to the sky，This show is consistent with the "Wen Wang Code"，The general spirit of the first king of Yin people is pinned on the king of Wen，Make King Wen the spokesperson for the worship of his ancestor with the spirit of the religious spirit。So，It can be seen from the change of the concept of the Yin Zhou sacrifice，The worship spirit of the Zhou people is strengthened，Gradually introduced religion into a blood -based secular ethics relationship，This change is exactly the embodiment of the humanistic and spiritual awakening of the Western Zhou Dynasty。　　

　　Follow the value of people

Ancestral worship contains the awe of human life itself，Sacrifice the ancestral poem sacrificed in "Da Ya" and "Zhou Song"，Most of them are based on the outstanding achievements and glorious entrepreneurial history of praising the first king，Few religious witchcraft concepts，It shows that the Zhou people governing the world more relying on the artificial efforts。For example，"Heaven" revealed that from the construction of Qishan Holy Land to the business of the king of Wenwen, all laid the foundation for the development of the Zhou people.，Zhou Dynasty Yin Shang and the world is an inevitable trend of historical development，"Heavenly High Mountain，King of the King。Performance，Wen Wang Kangzhi。Pei 徂，Qi Youyi trip。Children's Baozhi。"" Haotian has success "also describes the laid work of the third king of the Zhou Dynasty for the prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty，"Haotian has successful life，I received it after the two。Cheng Wang dare not be Kang，夙 基 宥 宥 宥。Yu Xixi! Shan Jue Heart，肆 "。Seven sentences in the whole poem，Only the opening sentence involves heaven，This indicates that the bet365 live casino games Zhou people respect the sky，But pay more attention to the role of manpower。

The "sky" of the Zhou Dynasty is not only close to the relationship between people，It is also put on a human coat，Especially the more advanced "virtue" concepts such as "End with Ethics" and "Jingde and Baomin" appear，The "sky" of the Zhou Dynasty also has its own moral will，Began to care about the major arrangements of the world，Therefore, there will be what "Shang Shu · Kangji" said, "Only life is not often，Ru Nianyu "。The concept of destiny with self -consciousness is a huge improvement than the previous generation，It reflects Zhou's rational understanding and conscious pursuit of the order of self -world。In addition to paying attention to the ancestors and the royal family，The Book of Songs "Erya" and "Zhou Song" are also estimated to the people。"Da Ya" poems such as "people also worked" in "People's Labor"，汔Co Xiaoan。Hui this China，No disability in the country "and" God Plate in "Board"，Xiamin's death "reflects the attention of people's livelihood to get rid of the political crisis of the dynasty，Then requires solving the idea of ​​the people's disease，The importance of being aware of the stability of the people for maintaining the stability of the Zhou Dynasty's political stability。，Other chapters of the Book of Songs clearly reflect the author's attention to the people's grievances，If you can see the concerns of the people's grievances in the "People's Labor", "Zhao Yan" and "Ji Nanshan"，"People are also labor -stop，汔 汔 ";，Grass does not collapse，Ruqi。I am this state，None of it ";，How to use it without prison "。The detailed depiction of this part of the Book of Songs indicates，You can spy on the destiny through the people's conditions，Reflect that Zhou people realize the important role of people in the process of historical development。This kind of transformation from belief God to pursuing people's self -efforts，It is the result of the transformation of the religious spirit of the Western Zhou Dynasty。But，bet365 live casino games This concept still belongs to more primitive intuitive experience，The people's nature they see，Just realizing that the people’s resentment will endanger politics，instead of really advocating civil rights。

China's humanistic and rational spirit is born from the earliest form of human spiritual culture -primitive religion。Poetry analysis through the "Erya" part of the "Book of Songs" is not difficult to see，Religious authority in the Liyou era of the Western Zhou Dynasty was urged by various factors such as real politics，and accompanied by changes in the concept of "sky" under specific historical conditions、The strengthening of the spirit of the ancestor worship and the improvement of human value cognition gradually decline。　　

　(Author Unit: School of Literature, Northwest Normal University)