The least number of people in philosophy、One of the smallest areas，Buddhist research and Indian philosophy research is still in the accumulation stage。But with the increasingly close international cooperation in recent years，Many writing books announced in the world，More handed down information can be reproduced，This field is forming a new history of ideological history。Look at the research results of the past 30 years，There are four distinctive trends: one，Discover the specific relationship between culture and ideological spectrum through the transmission path of this transmission，Small traditions get more attention accordingly;，In terms of method，From Yang Geyi to Indian philosophy's own thinking demonstration tool，Especially the tradition of grammar and Mimiman; the third，Following points from sects to the history of specific philosophers and problems evolution，Middle and late Note, so enter the center of the academic field; its four，Digital humanistic integration work based on linguistics，Multi -language、Multi -traditional research provides practical and effective assistance。

　　Bet365 lotto review India、Nepal、Afghanistan and Tibetan China have retained a large number of writing books from the early days to recent AD，But they may be damaged due to the long -lasting climate cause，Or it is not discovered and sorted out because of scattered temples and old aristocratic homes in various places and old nobles，Since the establishment of the Discipline of Buddhism，Still constantly being released by new materials。If the 19-20th century is mainly from India and European scholars around Varanasi、Kolkata Answer、Poa、Mumbai、Madlas (that is, Kim Nai)、Trivid Lang and other cultural towns in India north and south launched a survey、Publish Sanskrit text series，So for nearly thirty years，The most important literature results in the academic world are mostly born of extensive international cooperation projects。For example，Germany -Nepal Write this catalog project (NGMCP)、Vienna -China Tibetan Studies Research Center Sanskrit Write this project (Sttar)、Munich -Lausanne -University of Berlin's Pandoro Buddhism Writing this project，and the French Institute (IFP), which is known in the local governance in India (IFP), which is known for its project (IFP)，And the Institute of International Buddhist Higher Institute (Iriab)、Many projects of important academic institutions such as Peking University Vatican，They each produced a new refined school and research series of books with different resource advantages。

"New"，Apart from the text that is not familiar with before，It also includes the original Sanskrit Original Code of the original Chinese Tibetan translation。If you see the "Vima Sutra" in the day of the 1990s、Ahan and Abida Mo in the Dangra Ronaldo Ben、The treasure hidden in the Potala Palace () Sanskrit who is written，Even the newly discovered "Positive Gate theory", which is being organized,。At the same time，Write the thoughts carried as the first -hand material、History and material information also linked the specific path of spread，Let us have a glimpse of the relationship between cultural evolution and ideological spectrum。For example，French scholar Isabelle Ratié has found an ancient note ( in the new note (），Not only reproduced the thought of the second generation of Pratyabhij?，It also demonstrates the reality of new protection and reconstruction。Another example，The thought world in the late Middle Ages of Kashmir，It is a major research hotspot in the past few decades。Raffaele Torella at the University of Roman, Italy、Under the leadership of scholars such as Alexis Sanderson and other scholars in Oxford University，Based on the long -term research accumulation of the Vienna School in Indian Buddhism ，Gradually restore the ideological intersection of Buddhist and non -Buddhist traditions (including philosophy and rituals) in the late Middle Ages，and the Buddhist quantity in the middle and late periods of Buddhism is introduced into Tibet by the northwestern border of South Asia and obtained further development。In fact，Except for writing，All kinds of archeological materials also make up for the shortcomings of historical materials。For example, with a large number of stone inscriptions，Antra、The religious community and ideological system in Nepal and other regions can walk from the sacred curtain passed by ancient history to the front，Among them, including the extremely important history in Indian Buddhism but always suffering from the lack of data, the history of the pioneering department, etc.。

Another important promotion brought by the long -term in -depth writing book and archeological inspection is Sanskrit、Chinese saying and local languages ​​(Classical Tamili、Ghana, Hindi, etc.) and even the equivalent of mixed language literature。In this regard，The Language of the World of Men (The Language of the World of Men "and the project Bet365 app download hosted by the" Sanskrit Knowledge Systems " On the eve of colorism)。The first millennium of the Sanskrit leadership and the second millennium of various local dialects and the second millennium comparison，We can initially appreciate the breaks and continuity at different levels of Indian thought history。This means that the field of Buddhism research is opening the door to different knowledge groups，The ancient ideological world has gradually connected to nearby，Ordering height、Community -based Indian philosophy is no longer covered by the large structure of the Sanskrit Cosmopolitan -opposite，The parallel development of the tradition of large and small culture in interaction will bring us more complete ideological pictures。

　　Next，Remarks in modern philosophy to Indian philosophy although Indian philosophy is a necessity for the development of disciplines，But the complete heterogeneous term system is difficult to accurately express the complexity of traditional ideological resources。May we let Indian philosophy speak ourselves? This is somewhat similar to the situation faced by Chinese philosophy in the process of discipline modernization。Overall，At present, the academic circles are particularly concerned about grammar () and Miman () Explanation tradition。The two have been entered into the cold palace of elementary school in the middle of modern research，But for the history of Indian thought，The former provides a Chinese method based on the foundation of traditional learning，The latter is the dependence on the principles of Vedic solution and interpretation。As some scholars emphasized，Grammar to Indian philosophy like mathematics like mathematics to Western philosophy，and to make Zeli () others are represented by people，Sanskrit grammar has developed a long philosophical tradition since the 5th century，Dedicated as "Photograph of All Views" () The thirteenth house。The particularly worth noting is，grammar or "declaration" derived from Vedic -Brahmanism Tradition，However，For Buddhism、Jain religion and other non -orthodox factions have a great impact; vice versa，In fact, it has been descended since the early 1st century，Criticism from the non -orthodox party language symbols promoted the philosophical thinking of grammar scholars。So，We have to pay attention to the path of "training and justice"，It will effectively restore the unique ideological structure and demonstration method of Indian philosophy。

Further question is: Can we ask Indian philosophy to ask questions by ourselves? Elisa Freschi, who is bet365 live casino games currently teaching at the University of Toronto, believes，Indian philosophy is divided into two aspects: one is to involve its extensive ideological resources in discussion of universal philosophical issues; on the other hand, let other philosophical tradition truly realize the unique language of Indian philosophy. Realm and Questions。For example，Thinking about rituals is obviously not a foothold in modern Western philosophy，But for the mainstream philosophical system of India，But it is the top priority。Questions about language philosophy in accordance with such as referrals，Still discussing moral issues such as killing，Usually in the explanation of the sacrifice。Ruzhong Zun's "Elimination and Bud" (), Guangxian's "Guang Shu" () and other Mimiman classics not only constructed a rich semantics in the process of defending the Vedic Holy Ceremony、Rhetoric and other theories，I also discussed the logic of morality、Effectiveness of knowledge。

Of course，How to find that its philosophical insights are not easy in the highly technical grammar and ritual details。The current research boom is not for a while，Since the India and Germany from the early 20th century、Ao、Italia、Method、Daily and other places for generations of generations of students' long accumulation，and BIMAL Krishna Matilal、J.N.Mohanty and other foreign Indian scholars，and even the philosophical interpretation of the backbone of the backbone (Jonardon Ganeri)，India's language philosophy and knowledge tradition only really attracted a widespread and continuous interest in the academic community with its rich text resources and distinctive problems。In recent years，Many scholars have begun to pay attention to the relationship between Buddhism and the above -mentioned knowledge system。Take the Japanese academic circles as an example，Rukawa Yingshi of Hiroshima University has deeply tapped the theoretical assumptions of the grammatical tradition behind the core ideas of the middle view and the core ideas of the right; Kyoko Kyoko Kyushu Kaiki was at the same time as the Buddhist philosophy of Chen that era.，Throughout the year deeply cultivated in "Song and Release", "Nyāyama?"，Clarify the specific confrontation between the two。

　　again，Common denominations and schools of Indian philosophy are often split in accordance with the targets，Therefore, strictly speaking, they are not completely philosophical traditions，but text tradition。This means，Although a certain faction has a relatively unified form and terminology system，But it does not necessarily constitute a consistent philosophical position。So，If you want to understand the history of the evolution of philosophy，Studies need to be refined to the argument of specific thesexes and even different parties for different parties。With more and more scholars devoted to the research on ideological research based on one -handed text，Many philosophers in the middle and late period (about the 7th century) were re -discovered。They are note for the work of the sages，Integrated into each explanation plan，Syllarstel Creation of the Family，formed a new dialogue with the previous generation。This "history of solution" has not received much attention in the early years of research，Some scholars analyze this may have nothing to do with the pursuit of innovation in the philosophy world。As a note -sparse work，These theoretical teachers maintain a more humble in the face of tradition，Founding the new theory is usually not the ultimate purpose of writing，What's more deliberately showed。But this does not mean that they have no independent thoughts and personal perceptions。In fact，Make choice in the classic explanations、Put forward your own opinions，It is precisely the mainstream method written by Indian philosophy。

above such a basic understanding，More discussions and issues that have been discussed in recent years include, but not limited to: from Chen Na、Fa said to the "ANYāpoha" of Sakya Ajue and even the Gelugoter;、Lian Tian's theoretical formation process from critical to absorption; theoretical analysis of the illusion of each party。In addition to this，Harbin -involved in a wide range of jurisprudence Jia Yansuo Tuo ().), Shiva Xingtan Duo () Scholars Schohara Romano () others、Consciousness、Language，and liberation、One theory and other related issues argument，It also attracted the attention of Eastern and Western scholars。These characters have certain regional characteristics，And has their own religious group attributes (meaning that the religious classics that depend on the interpretation are different)，I thought more or less criticism transformed the creativeness of Buddhism，But they are very personal，Provides us with extremely rich content to supplement and renew the development clues in the late history of Indian philosophy。

　　Last，Use digital humanities and other technical means，The public text data platform and various super text tools provide researchers with effective and effective help，To a certain extent, the research on cross -text tradition。These tasks are undoubtedly based on the work of basic Chinese。But，Due to the multi -language itself、Cross -traditional features，Add the small research group、Disclosure of the publication，For a long time，The circulation and use efficiency of a large number of achievements are actually not high。until in recent years，We only have many attempts from the Internet and digital humanities。Except the Sanskrit Dictionary (CDSD) established by Cologne University (CDSD)、Gretil at the University of Gostegen (GRETIL)、Multi -language South Asian Electronic Library (DSAL) and other basic databases such as the University of Chicago，The theme database of the early Antera inscription also appeared，and "Saktumiva" (still in the experimental stage), which is convenient for comparing a lot of different text data。As far as the field of Buddhism is concerned，The CBETA industry of the Chinese Electronics Buddhist Division has become a need for learning and research;、Reliable and concentrated features，Serving a specific research group; in addition，TACL and other text analysis tools that really use the computer algorithm，The corpus analysis work that cannot be completed in a short period of time is given to the background，Methods of the analysis of scholars' analysis in a certain sense，So some basic understanding of the discipline (such as the problems of translator's belonging)。

To sum up，The academic world attempts to connect the vertical line of Indian philosophy in historical space and space，Reflect that the research method of the history of European philosophy attaches importance to the cultural context。，Tradition of developed language philosophy and knowledge，Indian philosophy research is constantly demonstrating itself，It also maintains a close dialogue with contemporary analytical philosophy and phenomenology for a long time，Especially in the British and American world, a lot of intervention includes comparative philosophy、Research on the type of philosophy。The two actually constitute the two major paths of Indian philosophy research。，To make up the scattered and deficiency of Indian historical materials，The study of the history of thought is also inseparable from the national chronicle、Methods combined with anthropology and archeological arts。In short，Multiple paths and a large number of resources continue to bring surprises to the academic community，But at the same time, it also puts forward higher and higher professional requirements。

The above research trends of Indian Buddhism and Indian philosophy have been outlined，But it is undoubtedly limited by the author’s current research interest。Although the theme of this article bet365 best casino games contains "Buddhist Research"，But did not involve the basic situation of Han or Tibetan Buddhism。Different from classic language and classic systems，Indian Buddhist Research and Hanzhong Buddhist Studies have significant differences in issues and methods，But this does not mean that the two have nothing to do with。So for scholars in the Chinese world，What kind of inspiration and opportunities did the above trend provide us? The author tries to summarize it as two aspects: First, Indian Buddhism is used as a reference system，The deepening of its research is actually helpful for the specific characteristics of us to know the Sinicization of Buddhism，For example, what is the characteristics of the tradition of Chinese Buddhist Buddhism and the argument? How does Han Yin Ming re -invent traditional issues under the completely different logic and language framework?，As mentioned above，Indian philosophy can actually be with Chinese philosophy because of its own characteristics，Including classics、Li Xue and even Taoist、Taoist thought formation is formed，Even on the construction path of the modern subject itself, a dialogue can be formed，New topics of the research of traditional Asian ideas。

(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Peking University)