Li Zhizao (1565-1630)，I save the words，People from Renhe, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou)，Once awarded the title of Shaoqing of Pinglu Temple、Zhizhou、Qing Taipusi、Nanjing Ministry of Industry Yuanwai Lang and other positions。He is knowledgeable，"Excellent in Western and European Studies"，Cooperation with Western missionary Matteo Ricci，Compiled more than 10 works such as "Tongwen Suanzhi", "Famous Theory Exploration", "Jing Tian Gai", "Jian Ping Yi Shuo", "Tian Xue Chu Han" etc.。At the same time，As a traditional scholar-official，Li Zhizao has profound attainments in middle school，His representative work is "The Rites and bet365 voucher of the Palace" (hereinafter referred to as "The Palace")，You can get a glimpse of his contribution to Chinese traditional ritual and bet365 voucher culture。

China is a land of etiquette，The culture of ritual and bet365 voucher is an important part of the traditional Confucian culture。The ancient Chinese ritual and bet365 voucher culture has distinct political and ethical attributes，Ancient rulers attached great importance to the role of ritual and bet365 voucher culture in educating and shaping society and people's hearts，"Ruling the country in peace and security，No one is good at etiquette；Changing customs，No one is good at having fun”。The rulers of the early Ming Dynasty also respected Confucianism and etiquette，Like the beginning of Ming Taizu’s accession to the throne，Just "test the rituals and determine the bet365 voucher"，In the ninth year of Jiajing, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty promulgated the "Da Ming Gathering Ceremony"。Then the era of Li Zhizao，The social reality of losing rites and enjoying bad things，Sacrificial rituals and bet365 voucher are filled with secular bet365 voucher，Dasheng elegant bet365 voucher is almost perfect。

Thirty-nine years of Wanli (1608)，Li Zhizao was appointed as Kaizhou (also known as Chanzhou)，Zhizhou in present-day Puyang, Henan Province。After taking office，Li Zhizao’s vigorous area painting，Probation Shangde，Repair the city wall，Construction of water conservancy，Also use Western algorithms to check the disadvantages of hiding Qiangu，Remarkable political achievements。Not only that，He attaches great importance to school education，“It is said that vulgar bet365 voucher should not be used in Confucius Temple”，Strive to restore ancient rituals and bet365 voucher。For this，He "created musical instruments，Choose students to be Liuyiwu”。At the same time，He also discussed sacrificial rituals with local elders，Referring to the ancient "Three Rites" ("Zhou Rites", "Rituals" and "Book of Rites")，"Confucius' Family Sayings" and "Book of Rites and bet365 voucher"，As well as the Ming Dynasty's "Quelizhi", "Nanyongzhi", "Huidian" and other ritual and bet365 voucher books，Written into the book "頖宫"。

The palace first refers to the academic palace established by the princes bet365 voucher Western Zhou Dynasty，According to "Book of Rites·Kingdom" records，“The university is in the suburbs，The emperor said Piyong，The princes called the palace "。Yigong is actually an alias for the local school。Fourth year of Tang Zhenguan，The emperor ordered all states and counties to establish Confucian temples。Since then，Confucius Temple、The Confucian Temple became synonymous with the ancient Palace。However，Panchi in the Confucian Temple、Panqiao building facilities and the tradition of visiting Panqiao when students enter school，All clearly indicate its origin and relationship with the ancient Palace。Since Tang Dynasty，The local Confucius temple is a place that not only worships Confucius but also cultivates talents and integrates temples and learning，Has dual functions of worship and education。

。The memorial ceremony was originally a weekly system，"Where scholars first established，Must be released and laid down in the memory bet365 voucher sages and teachers”。However, the so-called establishment of learning and interpretation by Han Confucianism did not clearly indicate who the first sages and teachers were，As a result, the main objects of worship changed from time to time around the Duke of Zhou and Confucius in history，It was not until Emperor Gaozong bet365 voucher Tang Dynasty that Confucius was officially worshiped。The Tang Dynasty promulgated the "Kaiyuan Rites bet365 voucher Tang Dynasty"，Object of explanation、Sacrifice、Sacrifice、The procedures are clearly stipulated，marks the official establishment bet365 voucher Buddhist memorial ceremony，Although future generations will also suffer losses due to revolution，But basically follow the Tang system。

Li Zhizao's "The Palace" is a commentary on the rituals and bet365 voucher of the Palace in the past，The book is divided into ten volumes，The content includes all aspects related to the rituals and bet365 voucher of worshiping Confucius，Involving the titles and praises of emperors of all dynasties respecting Confucius、Temple Appearance and Clothing Badge、Singer and Dance Column、Exclusive for the hall、From the sacrificial position, etc.。Precisely because the annotation objects have diverse characteristics，Covered Etiquette、Gift、Sacrifice、bet365 voucher、Musical rhythm, drinking and many other objects，This requires a variety of editing methods。For this，Li Zhizao takes time as the classic，Use the image as the latitude，According to different objects，Edit them separately、诂、Picture、Spectrum、distinguish。This way，Various rituals and bet365 voucher，All with pictures and notes，"Brilliant as the palm of your hand"。

"Yi Gong" is the most complete collection of documents on the funeral ceremony in the Ming Dynasty，This is the most useful document for studying the ritual ceremony bet365 voucher late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty。

Examine the difference between the ceremony of laying a memorial ceremony and the ceremony of releasing vegetables。Shicai，Also known as "Shicai" and "Shecai"，Refers to using "dish" (including fine wine、Cress、Chive flowers、Red dates、Lizi, etc.) express their respect for the teacher。Based on Li Zhizao’s research，Although they are both respectful teachers，But the food ceremony is “based on food”，Explanation: Drinking is the main part bet365 voucher memorial ceremony， The dish-releasing ceremony: "No dancing, no gift utensils"，Explanation bet365 voucher memorial ceremony: "There is joy but no corpse"，Both have different sizes、The difference between severity and severity，"Shidianshicai，Those who offer sacrifices simply”。And，The dish-releasing ceremony is only for the sages and teachers，The release ceremony is not limited to the saints and teachers，Also includes ancestors。

Determining the standards and ranking of worshiping virtuous and Confucian scholars。The system of worshiping sages and Confucians is based on the Holy Way of Wings、Learn after meritorious service、Designed to repay merit by advocating virtue，This system was truly established in the Tang Dynasty。From Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty，There are many additional sacrifices in the middle、Changing and updating sacrifices，Especially the order of the east and west verandas is messy。Li Zhizao once consulted the "Quelizhi" and "Rites and bet365 voucher" books，But there are many mistakes，Failed to unify，This involves the issue of standards of worship。Li Zhizao agrees with Qu Jiusi’s theory of “discussing teeth and discussing the world”，That is, "the same virtues and ethics"，The world agrees with each other”。This is the standard，He rearranged the Eastern and Western Confucian sages，Forty-nine people in the east verandah，The original fifty-three altars and thirteen altars in the west veranda were changed to forty-eight and sixteen altars，This arrangement breaks the original pattern of "more in the west and less in the east"。

Research on ancient bet365 voucher，Yileheli。The use of bet365 voucher to pay tribute began in the Han Dynasty，Created in Sui Dynasty，Sheng Yu Song。The "Dacheng Movement" was promulgated in the early Ming Dynasty，"The Palace" by Li Zhizao，Another improvement in rationality，This laid the foundation for the six chapters and six memorials of the sacrificial code of later generations to "welcome the gods、First offering of silk as a memorial service、Yaxian、Final Offering、Withdrawal、Basic structure of "Send God"。Li Zhizao is good at algorithms，So the law of factors，Ingeniously combines his mathematical talent with his musical talent。First，He started from bet365 voucher theory，Rearrange the order of eight notes。Li Zhizao synthesized "Zhou Rites" and "Han Zhi"，Proposed to put bamboo sound first，Followed by earthen silk, gold, stone, leather and wood。Then，He also based on "Dacheng Yale"，The spectrum of investigation，Testing Zhujia，Try homemade musical instruments，How to perform the harp and string instrument，"A unique score"。Because in his opinion，Education first heavy string song，The silk tone is more important，Therefore his theory of harp and harp is very detailed。The bet365 voucher score follows the old rules of "Songfeng Pavilion bet365 voucher Score"，Use several tones to compose a word，Use less hooks，Strive to neutralize。The Sepu is mainly based on six laws，The sound is delayed to respond to the festival，"To be close, to be gentle and to be harmonious"。Li Zhizao thinks，The manipulation technique is the key to distinguishing between elegant songs and obscene sounds，"Anyone who learns the zither，Stretch out the ten fingers of both hands and avoid bending them。The little finger is different from the zither hand，His fingering technique is the same as that of the piano，Ya Yin only uses the three methods of breaking, wiping and hooking。In addition, there are thirty methods such as holding a round belt and so on，Both made obscene noises，Not owned by Yasongzhiyin"。

In addition，In "The Palace"，Li Zhizao’s image of the wooden owner of the memorial ceremony，Selection during sacrifice，Ritual participants and their division of labor，Relax before the festival、Performance、Etiquette of cleaning animals，Sacrifice artifacts，Shi Dian dance and other details are revealed，Origin of Examination。At the same time，He also dedicated a volume to examine the rural drinking and shooting ceremony。Country drinking ceremony and shooting ceremony are important ways for Confucianism to educate the grassroots people，Can play a role in "benefiting from human ethics"、The effect of "beautiful customs"。Li Zhizao specializes in "Interpretation of Ancient Essays on Etiquette and Rituals"，Detailed records of the complete process of Xiangshe，Among them，He boldly corrected various errors that were inherited from the festival of drinking rituals and bet365 voucher and shooting bet365 voucher and listening to hair，Strive to restore its original appearance。At the same time，He also revised the bet365 voucher score of Xiangshe，Make this ceremony more in line with the "peaceful and upright festival"。Many records about the rituals and bet365 voucher of the ceremony in "Yi Gong" are not included in the books "Ming Huidian" and "Nan Yong Zhi"，Therefore, this work became an important supplement to the official rituals and bet365 voucher of the Ming Dynasty。

Li Zhizao served in Kaizhou for about two years，Leave office as late as the end of 1609。Afterwards，He devoted his main energy to the compilation of Western learning，No further study of Confucian ritual and bet365 voucher culture。This way，"Yi Gong" has become a precious work for people to understand Li Zhizao's Confucian thoughts。Forty-six years of Wanli，This work was printed and published by his disciple Feng Shilai。To the Qing Dynasty，"Yigong" was included in "Sikuquanshu"。"Sikuquanshu" has a high evaluation of this work，Called it “reflecting the past to prove the present，The examination is quite comprehensive”，“Learning from one’s own selves”。The book "Yi Gong" profoundly influenced the development of rituals and bet365 voucher for worshiping Confucius in the Qing Dynasty，The movements of the Confucius sacrifices in the Qing Dynasty all retain the ritual order and basic musical structure format recorded in this book。Today，"The Palace" is still an authoritative document and an extremely precious cultural heritage for research on Confucian ritual and bet365 voucher culture in China, Japan, Korea and other East Asian countries and regions。

　(Author’s affiliation: bet365 voucher of Marxism, Nantong University)