Achieve the ideal personality of the sage，It is the most firm belief since Confucianism since Confucius。Although Mencius believes that "people can be Yao Shun" ("Mencius · Under")，Xunzi also said that "the people of Tu can be Yu" ("Xunzi · Evil")，All affirmed the sage can learn，but，The overall tone of the Confucian saints before the Northern Song Dynasty is still "the sage cannot be admired" ("Cheng Zhi Wen Zhi")，Zhou Dunyi, who was hailed by the world as a "saint of good learning", clearly proposed the view that "saints can learn" ("Tongshu · Shengxue")，Only changed。Subsequent，Cheng Zhuxue proposed the saint view of "saving people to the desire"，Using the tedious "Matthew to Knowledge" as a sanctuary。And Wang Yangming will associate with "conscience"，For the basic belief and lofty pursuit of the Confucian Confucianism for "Learning and even Holy"。

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Wang Yangming was determined to become saint when he was young，But repeatedly frustrated under the teachings of Zhu Zige，I was in a state of no exhibition。until the dragon field enlightenment，Wang Yangming realized that the reason why he learned in the early years and even the holy failed，It is Zhu Zi's His Saint's Formation.，Misunderstanding and distorted the essence of the sage。

Wang Yangming thinks，The essence of the sage is not the size of talent、How many knowledge，and in the pureness of the heart。From the perspective of purity, grasp the essence of the saint，​​Concentrated in the metaphor of the refined gold of "Biography": "The reason why the saints are holy，It's just that the heart is pure，but unmanned miscellaneous。Judong Gold is fine，But it is also a feet without copper lead.。People are purely heavenly Fang is Holy，Gold to Foot Color Fang is fine。Ran of the sage，It is also different，Judah is the difference between the two ...，In the foot color but not in weight; so the saints，bet365 best casino games In purely natural but not talent。Therefore, although mortals are willing to learn，Make this heart pure，It can also be a saint;，Although the weight is suspended，And it can be deserved to the foot color。"Wang Yangming uses the color and weight of gold as a metaphor，It is intended to emphasize that the standard of the saint is not in external talents and learning，and in the inner pure and the guarding of heaven。Ask if you want to go out，Pursuing sanctification with quantitative consciousness as the standard，It's like seeing others have the fine gold，Only delusional to catch up with others，but not willing to work hard in the color，Tin、Lead、Copper、Iron is mixed in。So one here，The weight has increased，but the lower the color but the lower the color，In the end, there will be no more gold.，This is obviously running down with the road of the Holy Holy。

"The conscience of the heart is the Holy" is the prescription of the Holy Saint given by Wang Yangming: "The conscience of the heart is the holy。Learning of the sage，But this is just a conscience。Those who are naturally caused，The sage is also;，Sage also;，Those who are foolish also。Those who are foolish，Although its ambiguity is the pole，Conscience will not be able to exist again。Gou can cause it，is nothing different from the sage。This conscience is the same as the holy fool，And everyone can be Yao Shun，。"The core category in this passage is undoubtedly" conscience "。Wang Yangming's "conscience" concept comes from Mencius，"People who do not learn but those who can learn，Its good energy also。Those who know and know，Its conscience is also "(" Mencius · Heart ")。At Mencius，Liangneng and conscience are both natural attributes that are innate。Wang Yangming inherited this view，It is believed that conscience is generally in the heart of everyone，"From the saint to the fool，From the heart of one person，to reach the distance of the four seas，Since eternal and even after Bandai，No difference。It bet365 live casino games is a conscience and also，It is the so -called ‘the world’ s masterpiece ’”。Since everyone has a conscience，So everyone is a potential saint。

Wang Yangming breaks away from the world's deity of "sage"，His Performing Form has internal and universal characteristics at the same time，On the one hand, the way to the sanctuary is no longer cumbersome，Just require virtue，No need to find merit、talent、Knowledge and skills; on the other hand，Make the main body of the saints extended from the scholar doctors to all levels of society，So there is a saying that "see people full streets are saints"。These are all possible for "learning and even holy"。

　　Sanctuary: Learning and even the foundation of the Holy

Although Wang Yangming thinks，The saints and mortals have conscience in congenia，The two are really different at the starting point，But also acknowledged "only saints can cause their conscience，And the foolish woman cannot cause，This Holy Luming Division also "(" In the Biography ")。where，"To" is to、Extreme、The meaning of the whole，"To Knowing" is the most、Expand its conscience，Apply conscience to the daily life of human beings。The reason why it is "to" conscience，It is because conscience will be covered and blocked by selfish desires，Need to constantly remove the selfish desire in my heart，can you find the ontology of the conscience。The so -called "private desire"，Not refers to the objective physiological needs of people，Instead, it refers to subjective psychological motivation，As Zhu Xi said: "Full eaters，Heaven also; requires delicious，People desire also "。

Learning and even Holy，Can't do without conscience; conscience，First of all, it needs to be established into the minds of holy。Wang Yangming once said to his disciples，"Zhu Gong here，Being must be the heart of the sage，Must be a ‘one stick and one mark，One 掴 One palm blood '，Can he listen to my words and sentences "(" In the Record of the Biography ")。Not only that，Wang Yangming also repeatedly emphasized the importance of determination: bet365 Play online games "(aspirations) rules are not disturbed and quiet，Static but not acting,，An Ze is here alone ";" Zhi Che，Visual、Ear hearing is here，Anyone who recognizes unrealisticism ";" ‘ 欲，No Morning Story '，Just aspirations to familiarity ";" Knowing good thoughts，and charged。Know the evil thoughts，curb it。Knowing and Charge and Costators，Zhiye，Smart also。The sage only has this，Scholars should save this。"(" Biography on the Record ")

This can be seen，Strategy for ambitions，There will be no troubles，Being quiet，So concentrates that he will be in the good place; the ambition is true，There will be no one who cannot recognize;，No matter what you do，Subjective wishes will not violate objective laws and artificial rules。Survival ambitions can make people when good thoughts are born，Know and expand，When the evil thoughts are born，Know and curb。"Delicate" for "study"，It's like "rooting" for "planting trees"。As Wang Yangming said: "Fu Xue Mo is first of mind。Zhi Zhi still does not grow its roots，Emperor Pei irrigation，hard work "。In other words，Only clear goals，Can the direction and motivation for schooling activities。Of course，The ambition of standing into the Holy does not require people not to eat fireworks on earth、Give up the world、Division of red dust，"As long as the conscience is true，Although doing business，Not tired of heart;，gram is just ...，Conscience is just one thing，Reading composition，Anneng is tired? People who are exhausted to gain and gains and losses "(" Biography in the Biography ")。

From Wang Yangming's view，The determined saints are the necessary prerequisites and realistic foundations of learning and even sanctuary。Only with this true and sincere sacred ambition，Only on the road of suppressing evil and goodness，Otherwise, it will be confused by selfish，Make conscience is covered，Makes people lost or stagnated。

　　The merit of the sanctuary: learn and even the way of holy

Wang Yangming used to compare "Li Ji Horge" as a tree: "Delimal use of hard work，such as breeding bet365 Play online games tree。Fang Qiben bud，Unprecedented work; and it has dry，There are no branches; branches and back leaves，Leaves and back flowers。At the time of the root root，Just cultivate irrigation，Don't think about it，Do not do leaves，Do not make flowers，Don't think about it。Why do you think of it? But do not forget the merit of cultivation，Are you afraid that there are no branches and leaves? "in，"Branches and leaves and flowers" can be understood as Zhilian conscience and becoming saint，"Cultivation of irrigation" mainly includes: residence and retention、。

Jujing Cunning and Provincial Chaka will help to recognize conscience，Among them, the former promotes the recognition of conscience from positive aspects，The latter mainly realizes the recognition of conscience from the negative aspect。How to respect it? Wang Shouren mainly understands it as "Lord One"，That is "Special Astronomy"，Dedicated other is "Fighting"，"Loose is in the lust，Good goods are on the good goods，Can it be the main? Is the so -called chasing，Non -master one also。The first is the master of the master. "。Provincial Chaka Gong，It mainly includes three aspects: First，The provincial inspection kung fu is the internal province that is sincere and sincere，Sitting thoughts，Search for private desires and other private desires one by one，Find the root of the disease; second，Collect the cause of the cause, and get out of the disease，This is the Kung Fu，From Wang Yangming's view，Go to people，Store in heaven，You must think about it，Only the realm of sincerity can we completely save the human desire。So，From Wang Yangming's view，It is the power of sanctuary necessary for learning and even the sanctuary，"Teach people to learn，Do not hold one bias。At first school, the heart ape，Faber of Forming，Thinking，Most of them are human desire。Therefore, the meditation of teaching，Essence of interest。Jiu Zhi，俟 its heart is slightly fixed。Only Hangle and Shou Qi，Rujimu ash，Not useful。It is necessary to teach bet365 best casino games him to province Chaki，The Gong of the Provincial Chakan，If you go to the thief，There must be a clear meaning of cleaning。When nothing happens，The color will、Good goods、Good names and other personal desires to investigate one by one，Deepening the root of the disease，Never restore，Fang started fast。Heavenly Life and People，Its subtle must always be provinced to observe the ruler，Fang is increasingly visible "。Visible，The use of the determination is mainly in the initial stage of learning and even the sanctuary，After the will be determined，It is necessary to remove the selfish thoughts in your heart with the merits of the province，and work hard、Practice everywhere in Chaki。Of course，Wang Yangming thinks，It is not enough for the provincial Chaka，It must also be through specific daily life，Strengthening moral cultivation，This is "Temporary"。

Tingling on things helps to realize conscience，It requires the moral subject to during the specific daily process，Neither over，Don't be too late，It's not as good as it is overwhelming，Only reaches the place of nature and neutrality，can I remove selfishness，Aware of heaven。Although the inner residence and care, the merits of the provincial and obedient governance are indispensable，But if you only know that in the quiet,，Once encountering things，Heel is bound to stand unstable。So，Wang Yangming emphasizes the importance of tempering in the event: "People must grind it in things，，can ‘quiet and fixed，Movement is also fixed '。”

Of course，Whether it is residential custody、Provincial Chaki，Still tempering，You need to figure out that there is only one purpose，That is through grid heart、Positive heart，Make your heart as bright as a mirror，Make your original conscience clearly present。As Wang Yangming's disciple Xu Ai said，"Heart Judi Mirror also。The sage heart is like a mirror，Ordinary people's hearts are like faint mirror。The saying of the recent ggement，If a person with a mirror，bet365 Play online games Application，I don’t know that the mirror is still faint，How can you take it? Mr.'s grid，Rushing the mirror to make it clear，grind to employment，I did not taste the abandoned photos after being bright "。Through comparison, it can be known，Wang Yangming's Holy Saint is based on the essence of saints and ordinary people as the basis for diagnosis，so as to take the right medicine，Putting an effective method of learning and even holy。How to look at the mirror、Why is the things taken not all important，The important thing is whether the mirror is clear and bright，Like the conscience of removing selfish desires。This is the real holy way。

　　(This article is funded by the "Central University Construction World First -class University (Discipline) and Special Development Guidance Special Funds" in 2019)

(Author Unit: Philosophy of Renmin University of China)