Zhuangzi criticized Ren Yili，Most people in ancient and modern thoughts that he advocated unintentional。In fact, Zhuangzi's view of good and evil is very complicated，Non -linear thinking can grasp。"Zhuangzi · Health Lord": "For the good name for good，For the evil without penalty "，In -depth analysis centered on this，You can see what kind of kindness did Zhuangzi refuse and what kind of good respect for，What kind of evil and what kind of evil is accepted。Combined with Confucian comparison research，Then it allows us to deeply realize why Zhuangzi put forward such such claims。

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Confucianism is generally inclined to stand for the name。"The Analects of Confucius · Liren": "Gentleman to Ren Ren，Evil? "Renyi became a necessary condition for becoming famous。"Xunzi · persuasion": "For good accumulation of evil，Anyone who has disagreed! "Persist in good，There will always be a day of Wen Da。"Filial Sutra · Gao Yang Famous Chapter" believes，It is also filial piety to the world。In addition，The most illustrate problem is the Zi Xisi contained in "Kong Congzi · Gongyi": "The cultivation of the minister，For people know。Knowing the Honesty，It is a minister for good and persuasion，This wish is not available。"Zisi thinks，To be good for the good is what you want，Because of the persuasion of the world style。Visible，Confucian does not exclude names，Even to some extent, find the name，in order to be in the process of implementing education，Can establish some examples for people to see wise Bet365 lotto review and sage。Objectively speaking，This attitude of Confucianism to the name，If you are not sure，It is easy to fall down for the name and cultivate morality，Even the righteousness is used as a stepping stall for fame and fortune。"Zhuangzi · Wan Thumb" chapter criticizes Zeng Zeng Banren with a name，"The World" article further pointed out "virtue"，Just entanglement with the name，Germany becomes impure。

Zhuangzi Profile，"For the good name for goodness"。"No" "None"，It means that you should pay attention to avoiding the name，Obviously communicating with "Lao Tzu" "good deeds"。Lao Tzu said that doing good is not to find names，And do not leave traces。If you do not pay attention to this，It will be known、Remember，so that people have the opportunity to have a good reputation for them。Lao Tzu has always advocated "self -faint name", "not to see (present) wise"，Zhuangzi inherited this idea。"Xiaoyaoyou": "The sage is unknown。"Mountain and Wood" article: "Xingxian and go to self -sage。"The real sage can not only be self -consistent，Also refuse to be sought after。Not only this，"Lie Royal" article: "Apply to others without forgetting，Non -Tianbu。"" Zeyang ":" The lover of the saint also，The name of the person，I don’t know if my lover is also。"" to do good to the extreme，I don’t think I am doing good，To forget it，Just like an unconscious day。This is an extremely superb world realm。

visible，Zhuangzi believes that the highest realm of good deeds is to do good but not know，Followed by self -knowledge but no trace，Therefore, unknown。Huai holding such thoughts，Naturally, I will not find names。Zhu Xi、Feng Congwu、Fang Zongcheng criticized，Of course, you can't find your name，But you can’t get good bet365 best casino games for avoiding the good name。I think，It is appropriate to say that Zhuangzi's "Fear of Famination" is suitable，Said that he is not good for escape the name and not good for goodness，is misunderstanding。As mentioned earlier，Zhuangzi is not denied good，Instead of negating the close name，Promote the "good"。Those who do good examples，is the real sage。

　　Don't be near the internal and external punishment

"For the evil torture", the ancient and modern scholars are confused，Because it means it is，The evil of not committing punishment can do it。Zhu Xi has criticized Zhuangzi to figure out the ingenuity，"Choose it will not stole the prisoner，As for the whereabouts of the criminal disaster，Coincidentally to avoid it without daring to commit it "。So far, there are still students who think that Zhuangzi is very slippery。Of course，Also someone is thinking，How can Zhuangzi teach people to be evil? So I tried to re -explain the "for the evil without being close to punishment"，Even at all times to change words。Unfortunately，Ancient and modern interpretation is difficult to find true solution。

"Zhuangzi · Geng Sang Chu": "For those who are not good at what they are,，People get it; those who are not good at good，Ghosts and ghosts。""，Zhuangzi clearly denies the evil，So why did he say "punishment for evil without evil"? The key is how to understand "punishment"。Generally understands it as a punishment killing，This is not bad，But relatively narrow。"Zhuangzi" CCP mentioned three types of punishment: "Sky Penalty", "Foreign Sentence", "Internal Sentence"。"De Chongfu": "The Skin of Skybladers，Ankexing! "The punishment of heaven is nothing to escape，The "punishment" of "punishment for evil without evil" can be avoided，So non -referring to the punishment bet365 live casino games of heaven。remaining foreign sentences and internal punishment，Zhuangzi thinks they can be avoided，And should be avoided。"Lie Yu": "For the prisoner，Gold and Muye;，Move and pass also。Divine of the Xiao Ren (suffer from) punishment，Jinmuxun;，Yin and Yang Food。husband exemption from prisoners，Only real people。"" Foreign Sentences "and" Internal Sentences "correspond to the" humanitarian suffering "and" yin and yang "mentioned in" The World "。"Humanity" refers to the punishment killing of the world，"Yin and Yang" is the calamity of the yin and yang qi that cannot be breeded with quietness。From Zhuangzi's view，Famous fame、Diverse such as "foreign objects" such as kernels (as long as it does not belong to the true trueness of life，can be classified as foreign objects)，It is also a kind of punishment and 桎梏。Therefore，We cannot limit the "punishment" to foreign punishment，Zhuangzi may focus on internal punishment。This prompts us，To make a broad understanding of the word "evil"，It does not necessarily mean behavior that hurts others or guilty。Actually，"Things in things" and other unknown behaviors that are not named good is also a kind of evil。Since the "punishment" includes internal punishment (Yin and Yang suffering)，In order to avoid punishment，"For evil" space is actually very small，We do not have to make a fuss because of the word "for the evil without being close to the evil"。

　　tolerance "Little Evil"

At this point, you can see，Zhuangzi's opposition is great evil。But the world accepts "Do not do evil for small"，So criticize Zhuangzi to encourage people to avoid weight，No commandment is not "small evil"。Xu Fuguan's defense road，Spirit falling in real life always has to discount，bet365 best casino games "Torture for evil" is just out of helplessness，Is not Zhuangzi's righteousness。For this，I don’t agree with。Actually Zhuangzi thinks，People are people，No need to be asked to be a sage; "small evil" as long as there is no substantial harm to others，It should be tolerant。

The Confucianist is always hovering with clear consciousness of good and evil，Their "Linren Ethics" ("Zhuangzi · Earth World")，Always want to "good" to "evil"。Zhuangzi thinks，One person, especially can't refer to others，"Fisherman's Father" section "the evil of good words" as one of the eight defects，Because of the excessive emphasis on "good"，It will make the tolerance spirit gradually lose，thus cause some damage to others。Relatively，Zhuangzi proposed "treat things" ("World World")、"No Conservation Right and wrong" ("The World")，Emphasized not to blame people，Because it is what it is，It is the tolerance spirit that reflects the kind of "all things in all things" ("Qiwu theory")。

Combined with the relationship between the group，"Torture for evil" can be said to be to minimize the invasion between individuals，supplemented by tolerance at the same time。Only this，It is possible to keep a natural order and the overall harmony。We know，Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the world chaos，How to rebuild social order，It has become a problem faced by the pre -Qin sons。Confucianism，Since the ritual landslide causes chaos，The way out is to re -support the ritual and music system，So they push the education of righteousness and rituals，so as to make the world live in the heart，Finally governed the country and the world。Zhuangzi thinks，If the benevolent righteousness (even if it is better) is the standard, to the bet365 Play online games same world，That is equivalent to slaughtering the world，Because there is no nature of this approach，The essence is forced to others in the name of good，reduced the "horses of the lower" of the people of the world to the righteous ceremony。In this sense，The so -called good becomes evil。So，Some of the "evil" in the world's eyes are not really evil。Confucianism, visual and audience motion permit。In their eyes，Eclecticism is a kind of evil ("The Analects of Confucius · Wei Linggong": "Do not move with gifts，Not good ")，But is this really evil? for example，"Book of Rites · Qu Li" stipulates: "Up to East step，then the right foot; upper in the West，Then left the left foot。"" For this kind of fine rails that can be said unreasonable，What are the obligations of the world to follow? The gift is so cumbersome、Following the rules，Obviously has deviated from its original spirit and becomes restricted life，Can it be called good? Are you qualified to act as a standard for judging good and evil?。Zhuangzi actually thinks，As long as the individual is not harmful，No need to be restricted by righteous rituals and the compulsory torture，can form an overall harmony。bet365 best casino games "Torture for evil" is the boundary of the behavior，Remind the world to do the necessary restraint of themselves，So that foreign compulsory and educational behavior loses the necessity。

What needs attention is，Zhuangzi criticized Renyi，It is by no means encouraging the world to sink down，Is not a non -righteous move。We need to analyze its view of good and evil: on the issue of good，Zhuangzi objected to do good for fame and fortune，Opposition to the people with virtue、The tradition of the educational tradition of "good" to "evil"，Promote the "goodness" of not being good at good; on the issue of bet365 live casino games evil，On the one hand, he commands people to do evil，On the one hand, it also advocates tolerant "small evil"。Whether it is practicing "Shangshan"，Still tolerance "Little Evil"，All are the manifestations of Xuande。Only this，Human Lun is not nervous，People can become harmonious between me，Each individual can grow and develop freely。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation fund -funded project "Possible" Lao Tzu "-This text on survey and ideology (Taoist)" (16FZX004) phase results)

(Author Unit: School of Humanities Communication of Hainan University)