Phenomenology is a strict science,This is especially reflected in the reflection of phenomenology、Rigid corresponding correspondence between the method of restoring the objects they revealed。For example,The body cannot appear in the appearance of the body,and habit、Historical is the same,It can only build a vertical orientation,The foundation of the intention or mind of the mind or mind can only be the current and the possibility of the constructed。French phenomenology is an important member of the phenomenon sports camp,So does it also follow the strictness laid by Husserl? Whether French phenomenology is due to Montee、Descartes、Merne De Biili and other local ideological resources nourishes and break through this limit? This article intends to make a brief analysis of this。
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The luck of phenomenology begins with reduction (reduction),But restore is not simplified,Not the subject is isolated in the world,but the suspension natural theory,This significance of the existence of things and the world is rescued from natural eyes。Hussels keep emphasizing,Restore allows us to re -owrate the world in a meaningful connection,Even let us really have the world for the first time。
Where is Husserl,There are at least three types of restores: the restore in the real item、Phenomenal restoration and fundamental restoration (or disassembly)。The first restoration is related to the general so -called episodes。The reason why we can see the object,It is because of the "representative" of the object in our conscious activity,The relationship between them is intention or concept。This epistemology is of course meaningful in the context of opposing psychology,But exploring the world、There is a shortcoming in philosophical issues such as existence。Around 1905,Hussels proposed the concept of phenomenal bet365 best casino games restoration,This has opened a study beyond the theory of phenomenology。
Phenomenal restoration aims to reveal the absolute existence of pure consciousness,The possibility of essential construction has become a new topic of phenomenology。Pure consciousness is a formalized consciousness,It lays the foundation for the existence of different regions,We get the unified eyes of the world according to this,and the existence of the world and its existence are also unified in the comprehensive function of pure consciousness。The combination of pure consciousness is different from the overall and part of the conceptual relationship in the conceptual sense,It specially related to the time ability of the subject。From Husserl's view,Time experience is a mesh,Horizontal synthesis that contains the intention of supporting appearance,It also includes a deeper and deeper vertical experience that constructs horizontal comprehensives。Borrow geometric term,Hussels sometimes also call it a two -dimensional continuous unification。Brief words,Any appearance of the subject is based on the two -dimensional experience of the previous realistic display。
Fundamental restoration is a further disclosure of the foundation of the two -dimensional experience。1929,Hussels determines the foundation of pure consciousness as the current 贰 — — — — —,From instinct to the occurrence of the original desire, the construction of the original desire has begun to become an important thinking framework for Husserl's old age。Phenomenology of this form is called nature phenomenology,It requires the discussion of the initial origin of the time structure,Display how people are born as a person,How can it be the existence of such a habit。
French first -generation phenomenonist and Husserl
Husserl's revealing the comprehensive function of pure consciousness has become the most solid foundation for the entire phenomenon movement,The first-generation French phenomenologist Sartre and Merlot Pommy borrowed Bet365 app download from the Husserl phenomenology is the first layer of pure consciousness,That is, the integrated intention of the two -dimensional continuous unity。Sartre and Mero-Ponty is the "disciple" of the Husserl's "concept" period,The former is particularly concerned about the front of pure consciousness -comprehensive function of reflection phase,The latter is the intention structure of pure consciousness,that is the parallel relationship of noesis-noema and its physical use on the physical level。
Sartre almost copied Husserl's pure consciousness concept,Although he is too literary expression to threaten the strictness of his phenomenon thinking from time to time。Sartre has me、No self -defense is based on the activity of pure consciousness,When entering the flow of life,Can't realize the existence of "I",There is no self; but when reflecting on the flow of life,There is me。Sat requires exclusion of all self,Even surpassing the theory,This is actually not unreasonable,Because the two -dimensional continuous unification does not need to be polarized,This self is actually derived from phenomenology reflection,The thought development of the latter also indicates,This absolute original self can only display its special value when constructing one -dimensional streaming。
Sat's contribution on pure consciousness has two: one,Try to break the boundaries of Husserl and Heidegger about the position of the existence of problems。In his opinion,Pure consciousness Based on its own comprehensive function, the construction of the world is actually the "nothingness" of Heidegger; the second,Determine the nature of transcendence is dialectical,This move clearly clear the potential confrontation of Husserl phenomenology with Hegel's spiritual phenomenology。Sat asked the following problems to the phenomenologists: the motivation to happen is accumulation、motivation caused,Still self -denial、Intermediary?
Relative to Sartre,Merlot Ponter is more "orthodox"bet365 live casino games ,He is not just showing his philosophical creativity in pure consciousness,Instead, it really deepen the internal intention of the intention of pure consciousness。Thinking of the congenital parallel relationship that is thoughtful to have a fundamental constructive significance for Mei's body,He accepted the basic view of Husserl,The body feels not real,but an interweaving state。On the side of being able to think,This kind of dynamic association shows the body's life,The side of the thought parallel to it,Show the existence of the body itself。Based on this,Not only the specific existence of Husserl's attempt planning area has been expressed in the existing theory,Heidegger's survival theory plan has also been actively responding in physical dimension。
Two -dimensional continuous unification based on pure consciousness,Especially the vertical experience among them,Mero-Ponter also talks about habits and historic in the existence of the body,But he is not limited to the investigation of the rationality of the body,Instead, it accepted the research results of psychological analysis and psychological pathology at that time。This move officially announced the acceptance of psychological analysis and psychological pathology,Psychological analysis of a strict phenomenology、Psychological pathology has actually become a phenomenal movement for the future of phenomenal movement。
French second -generation phenomenology and Husserl
The so -called "second generation" here refers to Levinas、Henry and others。The difficulty of the other person's appearance is,We regarded others as him at the beginning。But this is a common sense。Although others are different from me,Have his sex,But the appearance of others means me to understand others in a sense,Therefore, others have my nature。Although Hussell recognizes that others have absoluteness relative to me,But he has never made his people’s nature origin like Levinas,See it as the absoluteness Bet365 app download beyond my sex,Not only cannot be understood by me,and reverse constructing my appearance。When describing this anti -common sense position in a phenomenon,,Levinas encountered difficulties that are difficult to overcome。Although the reflection of phenomenology reveals pure consciousness,A absolute existence,But as long as you talk about the relationship between yourself and others,So the first -person perspective is unavoidable。Levinas' trial breakthroughs are related to Husserl,At the beginning, he tried to use the original impression of the current current impression itself to show the appearance of the absolute person,But this deep durability cannot explain how the original self -built -in heterogeneous existence。Subsequent,Levinas turned to Husserl's thinking,Absolutely, who is not the original generation of the other impression,Instead, there are many constructive associations between insomnia and awakening in many original impressions,The fundamental differences and external properties between my and others lies in the possibility of insomnia and awakening。This thinking has penetrated into the construction of Husserl's current — — one sex。relative to Husserl,Levinas pays more attention to 贰 贰 贰 贰,Or Different: Not the fusion of 贰,Instead, the inherent differences are constructed,This insight may seem strange,But it does show the absoluteness of the difference between different subjects。
Henry found the existence of "auto" (Auto) in the original impression that Levinas' original adherence to。In his opinion,The nature and existence of life are not blooming,Blooming only means the demise of his own life,Because whether in Husserl or in Heidegger,The blooming of the subject means that the world means that the Communist Party of China is in the world,This implies the abandonment of its own、Observation with the standpoint of others。Blooming means that the subject bet365 Play online games is first in its own plan,In Husserl's thinking,This shows the same living construct,Especially the construction of the previous camera dimension。Similar to the early position of Levinas,Henry sees the fundamental difference between the original impression based on its absolute inherent character and other time.,Therefore, it is also trying to find a new possibility of generating a new time before time。But unlike the former,Henry wants to create the absolute internal nature of life,A self -percentor of life fusion with Saint Xian。Levinas seek differences between the original impression and other time.,and Henry seeks the same inside the original impression,Their practical foundation is exactly the same。
Classic phenomenology sharing common boundaries
Live three -dimensional time domain is the common boundary of classic phenomenology,Although Husserl tried in his later years, the current current of 贰 — —,Dan said frankly,His attempt is unable to say success。Because he did not explain the original distinction (贰) how to generate three -dimensional,That is the front photo、Lost、The original three time phase of the current current current,None of the description of the original distinction itself can be given before。Actually,These problems are not unique to Husserl。Whether it is Levinas and Henry's emphasis on the original impression,It is still the interpretation of the structure associated with the structural association between the insomnia and awakening of many original impressions in the later stage of thought,These thoughts have not been able to escape the rules of Husserl's basic form of the current current。
Phenomenology has inherent strictness。From the perspective of the relationship between French phenomenology and Husserl,This is not only reflected in Husserl's reflection through various types of phenomena、The truth revealed by the restore is Sartre、Mero-Ponter and others provided the basics of phenomenal construction,and also reflected in bet365 Play online games his against Levinas、Henry and others based on the phenomenal boundaries based on phenomenal boundaries。This actually provides an important direction for our independent research,That is the exploration of Husserl and others,At the bottom of the bottom of the inner time constructed,Reveal the origin of the three -dimensional structure in the heart and body construction。
(Author Unit: Zhejiang University Phenomenology and Heart Thought Research Center)
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