[Core Tip] With the development of today’s society,The inheritance of bet365 score has shown new features such as the electronicization of paper versions and the sharing of network resources。Modern technology solves the difficulty of moving Chinese nationals、Easily damaged、Difficulty in saving,bet365 score are scanned into electronic images that can be stored in computers,Permanent storage achieved。
The spread of bet365 score in Japan,On the one hand, it promotes the civilization and enlightenment of Japan,Has a profound impact on the development of Japanese literature and culture,On the other hand, he made important contributions to the complete preservation and dissemination of precious bet365 score to future generations。
Setting up a craze for studying bet365 score literature
According to Japan's first written classic "Kojiki",Wang Ren of Baekje presented the bet365 score "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Thousand-Character Classic" to Emperor Onshin in Japan in the 16th year of Onshin (285),This is the most powerful statement about the early spread of bet365 score to Japan。6th century,Doctors from the Five Classics went to Japan,Introducing the Five Classics and other Confucian classics to Japan。Nara、Heian Era,Japan has sent envoys to the Sui Dynasty many times、Send envoy to Tang Dynasty,Learn China’s advanced system and culture,At the same time,“Purchasing books” is also one of their main purposes。The envoy brought back a large number of Confucian and Buddhist classics,Started the first craze for learning Chinese literature in Japanese history。According to the "Japanese National Review Catalog" at that time,Before the Tang Dynasty envoys were abolished, the content of bet365 score passed to Japan in our country was quite extensive,Involving the Four Books and Five Classics、History、Collection of Poems、Novel、Law, etc.。"Japan's National Book Catalog" divides it into four 40 categories of classics and history subsets,A total of 15952 volumes and 1586 volumes。
After the abolition of the envoys to Tang Dynasty in 894,The Japanese government adopts a negative "lockdown policy"。Except for private trade between merchants,The supply source of bet365 score has been almost cut off。But with the continuous improvement of the Chinese literary literacy of the Japanese aristocracy,“I am thirsty for bet365 score”。"Xindu Tangben" appeared frequently in the diaries of officials at that time,This shows that Japanese nobles love bet365 score。At that time,Northern Song Dynasty rewards foreign trade,However, strict restrictions are imposed on the overseas export of books,Only retain the "credentials" presented in official exchanges between countries。The sale and purchase of Han nationality books can only be done through “secret trade”,Through the exchange of merchant ships between the two countries。The end of Japan’s Heian period,The Southern Song Dynasty government’s ban on books was eased,The number of bet365 score introduced to Japan is gradually increasing。
The number of bet365 score is gradually increasing
Japan enters the Kamakura period,The government recognized free trade between the two countries,There are more ships crossing the Song Dynasty。Literary exchanges between China and Japan also show a prosperous situation,bet365 score began to be introduced into Japan in large quantities through the hands of monks。1211 years,The number of bet365 score brought by the Japanese mage Junqiu when he died was as many as 2103 volumes。1200 volumes of Buddhist scriptures,More than 200 volumes of the Four Books and Zhu Xi’s books。1241 years,You who stayed in the Song Dynasty Monk Garden brought back thousands of classics when you returned,Excluding Buddhist scriptures,There are four related classics as well as Zhu Xi's "Great Learning or Questions" and "The Analects of Confucius" and more than 100 kinds。
Wushan Literature Period,bet365 score poetry and prose enter its heyday,There is a second wave of learning bet365 score literature in Japan。Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties represented by "Three Body Poems" and "Ancient Texts True Treasures" are studied and imitated by Japanese Wushan Han scholars。Notes and annotations by Wushan Han scholars when studying bet365 score classics,instant copy。According to Japanese scholar Yanagida Seiji’s statistics on the existing five mountain manuscripts,There are 117 kinds of collections alone。Among them, the number of "Three Body Poems" is overwhelmingly dominant,There are also "Authentic Treasures", "Splendid Duan", "The Analects of Confucius", etc.。
Later due to the war in the late Yuan Dynasty,Book engravers from the coastal areas of Zhejiang traveled east to make a living,Transfer advanced printing technology to Japan,Promoted the birth of the golden age of Japanese publishing。The printed version centered on the Kamakura Five Mountains and the Kyoto Five Mountains is called the "Gozan Version"。The bet365 score printed by Wushan Edition include Buddhist scriptures、More than 100 Confucian history classics and poetry collections,The most representative ones are "The Legend of Zen Forest Monk", "Auxiliary Teaching Chapter", "Poet's Jade Chips", "Lianzhu Poetry", etc.。
bet365 score literature has become popular in Japan
Qing Dynasty’s open policy,This is the main reason why bet365 score were so popular in Japan during the Edo period。At that time,The Shoheizaka Institute of Learning, known as Japan’s “Academic Institution in the World”, promotes Confucian education focusing on teaching Chinese classics,Effectively promoted the popularization of Chinese literature in Japan。The local vassals in Japan are also competing to set up vassal schools,The Chinese literary literacy of Edo literati continues to improve。
At that time,The Edo Shogunate of Japan stipulates that all books on board ships must be strictly inspected before entering Japan。Added the post of "Book and Property Reform",Specially responsible for the review of Furi books。Lin Shuzhai, then the head of Japanese universities, proposed to simplify the procedures for modifying books and property,Improving the efficiency of importing Chinese nationals into Japan,Also encourage merchants to carry more Chinese-registered ships to Japan。17th century to Meiji Restoration period,There are more than 8,000 kinds of bet365 score written in Japan,Among them, those with wider influence include "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" and "The Great Qing Huidian" etc.。The most eye-catching thing is that the largest copper movable type printed book in my country, "Ancient and Modern Books Collection", has been passed on to Japan,Leaving a mark in the history of Sino-Japanese book exchanges。
The Edo period was the era of blockbuster dissemination in Japan。The main bet365 score and engravings are the "official version" of Changpingzaka Institute of Learning、There are three types of "domain editions" issued by feudal lords and feudal schools, and "machi editions" issued by private publishers。The most important of these is the issuance of the "official board"。Official bet365 score published by Xuewen Institute,Mainly a textbook-like commentary on the Four Books and Five Classics,And reference books for writing Chinese poetry。In addition,The Institute of Learning also collects a large number of bet365 score,Later became an important part of the Japanese Cabinet Library collection。According to Otsuka Matsumoto's "Changping Chronicles",At that time, there were 1674 types of bet365 score in the collection、More than 18,000 volumes。
However,What cannot be ignored,bet365 score Edo period, which entered the heyday of version,The function of manuscripts in literary communication continues。
The spread of bet365 score presents new characteristics
From the late Edo period to modern times,New characteristics have emerged in the spread of bet365 score,That is, the circulation of Han books。In the Collection of Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu,Discovered Chinese Ming Dynasty legal books published in North Korea。"Full Tang Poetry" written by Japanese sinologist Ichikawa Kansai,Published in Kyoto in 1804,It is the first supplementary work after the publication of "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" in my country。This book was later spread to our country for publication,The version was spread eastward to Japan and reprinted。Republic of China period,Our country published the Japanese Edo official version of "Tang Lv Shu Yi"。With the prosperity of cultural exchanges,The characteristics of Han circulation are becoming increasingly obvious。
Modern times,The types of bet365 score passed down from Japan are more diverse,Chinese History、Astronomy、Geography、Politics、Books in many fields such as medicine are welcomed by the Japanese people。Tokyo Fengwenkan has printed and published large-scale books such as "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" and "Pei Wen Yun Fu",Machine printing has brought an unprecedented leap in the speed and scale of the spread of Chinese literature。
With the development of today’s society,The inheritance of bet365 score has shown new features such as the electronicization of paper versions and the sharing of network resources。Modern technology solves the difficulty of moving Chinese nationals、Easily damaged、Difficulty in saving,bet365 score are scanned into electronic images that can be stored in computers,Permanent storage achieved。The rapid development of the Internet,It also enables the electronic version of bet365 score to be circulated across regions and even across countries,Become a shared resource worldwide。
The transmission of bet365 score is a state act,There are also spontaneous folk behaviors,The joint efforts of many parties have made it possible for the Han nationality to be carried on ships、Collection、Transcription、Published、Printing realized,And promote the continuous inheritance of bet365 score。
(Author’s unit: School of bet365 score Languages, Changzhou University)
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