Cheng Zhi (1602-1651) was an important philosopher and religious thinker during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Due to various reasons，Very few of his writings have been handed down，Nearly disappeared，Little known。After many efforts，We have collected nearly 20 kinds of writings by Cheng Zhi from home and abroad，About half of his writings，Collected into "Cheng Zhi Ji"，Photocopied and published in 2019，This provides a new and important text resource for the study of Ming and Qing philosophy and religious thought。Cheng Zhi is the founder of the sect，He is profound in philosophy，Understand the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism，Based on the Great Easy，Create "Yijiaomen"，bet365 cricket odds was very influential in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui at that time，Huang Zongxi regarded him as the "leader"。

Currently，Research on Cheng Zhi’s Thoughts，Search for Cheng Zhi’s other writings and related information，Under active progress，The discovery and photocopying of the only Qing Dynasty copy of "Ma Panzhuang Quotations" by bet365 cricket odds, Cheng Zhi's most important disciple and intellectual successor，is an important progress in this work。The discovery and publication of "Ma Panzhuang Quotations"，Not only can we further improve and deepen our understanding of Cheng Zhi’s thoughts，And it presents the academic thoughts of bet365 cricket odds, an important figure, quite completely。This means，From Cheng Zhi to bet365 cricket odds，An important academic ideological resource during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Including its generation、Development、Evolutionary system ecology，Be able to break through the historical cover of more than three hundred years，First appearance，This is related to academic thought during the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Religious beliefs、Exploration and transformation of values ​​and many other aspects，Its academic value is immeasurable。

　bet365 cricket odds and "Quotations from Ma Panzhuang"

About bet365 cricket odds，First seen in the "Chronology of Cheng Zi, an Emergent Scholar in Yunzhuang, the Great Yi Master" compiled by Cheng Zhi's disciple Tang Eryou and others:

Wuzi, the fifth bet365 cricket odds Shunzhi, was forty-seven years old.

Autumn September，bet365 cricket odds came to study，Master ordered to be a waiter。First，As a teacher, all my classmates have family backgrounds，Cannot travel with the teacher，Want to find someone who is not tired as a waiter，Tuo Yunzhuang。At this time, bet365 cricket odds sent the Shunzhuang letter to Shibo，The division was in the city but did not return。Yan Liu Shi Bo Hou Shi。Master returns，Runzhuang from Meishe to，Bye bye，Seeking the teacher to accept bet365 cricket odds as a waiter，Let’s just say she won’t marry、Private、Zhixue，Very consistent with the canon。Shi Yin Xu。

bet365 cricket odds was always by his side during the last days of Cheng Zhi’s life，Looking from the Chronology of Cheng Zhi，Cheng Zhizhu’s disciples who obtained the Dharma had many complaints about bet365 cricket odds，Issues involving bet365 cricket odds’s care for Cheng Zhi when he was ill and the handling of Cheng Zhi’s funeral。Another piece of information about bet365 cricket odds comes from Jin Tianhe，In his "Biography of Anhui Chronicles"，Mentioned that bet365 cricket odds “stealed his teacher’s teachings”，Don’t be a gangster，Received the killing，His teachings are perfect”，But I don’t know the basis。After Li Zhihong、Jiang Zhiming and other scholars have made various accusations，bet365 cricket odds’s situation gradually became clear。

According to Yang Yilun of the Qing Dynasty、Compiled by Xia Zhirong and others，Added by Feng Xin and others in the 18th year of Jiaqing (1813)，In the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang (1845), Fan Fengxie and others re-edited the record of "bet365 cricket odds Changyi" in Volume 10 of "Gaoyou Prefecture Chronicles" "Character Chronicles: Yu Xian":

bet365 cricket odds Changyi，Suzhou native，Juyang Shanpanzhuang，Self-proclaimed freak。When I was young, I devoted myself to the study of sages。Follow Xinan Cheng Yunzhuang as my teacher，Yu Yi deeply understands and understands。Said: It is easy to risk the world，The Big Book Begins from the Duality of Universe and Earth，The main purpose is to know and establish people。Confucius and Mencius are the authentic ones，Lao Shi is a concubine。To teach people, they must realize it through current things。Scholar of Four Directions，Li Yan Lectures，Ask and answer questions。A humble and humble person，The mouth is like a hanging river，The listener is stunned。Gong Qing Dafu，There are different practitioners and recipients。Abnormal people regard themselves as teachers，Non-North Salute，I don’t want to go。Ran seeking advice，Most people use rest to cure illness。Abnormal ambition falls off，Can’t be flooded for a long time。Taste it in the twelfth year of Kangxi，At the request of Sun Yuqiao’s official department，Yizhang Love Day Garden，Inventing the reality of love，The great book on the pursuit of Tao。Yi Xue Tong Shi Ming Heaven and Earth，The whole that complements each other。It was once rumored to be a grand event。In his later years, he wanted to immortalize himself with his writings，Not many books。Their survivors，The disciples carved twelve volumes of "Yangshan Quotations"。

According to Qin Da Zhang Xiu in the Qing Dynasty、Compiled by He Guoyou，Article "bet365 cricket odds" in Volume 11 of "Huoshan County Chronicles" published in the 31st year of Guangxu's reign (1905) "Characters and Residence"，Record:

bet365 cricket odds，Zhangyi。Sujun native，Teacher Xin'an Cheng Yunzhuang，Get his unique skills。Fan Zhu Jing、子、History、Note、sparse、Passage、Note、Xingli、Art、Number、odd couple、melody、Bing、Farm、Water Conservancy、Jugu、Calendar、Quiz、Zhanhou、And the books of Buddha and Laos，Mibulan wants to know more。Sitting all day long，Nothing to say，Although very wise and unpredictable。So I worked on the breathing technique，Critically ill，But those who can sit upright，Get the trick，Everything is alive。Qi Lai Huo，Only twenty-seven years old，Living in Hebei Beach for a long time，After the chaos，Not knowing where to end。

It is precisely because of the help of these materials，The precious ancient book "Ma Panzhuang Quotations" was discovered。"Ma Panzhuang Quotations" collects 12 volumes of bet365 cricket odds's Quotations，Missing Volume 10，Another 2 volumes of questions and answers，And the later collection of bet365 cricket odds’s poems、Ming et al. 2 volumes，15 volumes in total，Later there is a postscript written by Kong Shangren in the 27th year of Kangxi (1688)。In Volume 11 of bet365 cricket odds’s Quotations，bet365 cricket odds’s autobiography was recommended by Yuan Yunzhuang at the age of 23 to Shibo School and met Cheng Zhi as his teacher，Known from Cheng Zhi’s chronology，This year is the fifth year of Shunzhi，i.e. 1648。Inferred from this，bet365 cricket odds was born in the fifth year of Tianqi，i.e. 1625，Xiao Chengzhi 24 years old，However, the year and place of his death are still unclear。The first volume of quotations was recorded in the autumn and July of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651)，That is, one month before Cheng Zhi passed away，bet365 cricket odds was 26 years old；Quotations Volume 12，The last volume of the quotations，The lecture was recorded in the 26th year of Kangxi，1687，bet365 cricket odds was 63 years old。According to "Huoshan County Chronicle"，bet365 cricket odds came to Huoshan shortly after Cheng Zhi passed away，Living in Hebei Beach for a long time，I don’t know where to end the chaos。To this，The disciples of bet365 cricket odds who published "Ma Panzhuang Quotations" did not mention it。According to Qianlong's "Jiangnan General Chronicle"，Ma Yannian died in his nineties，If true，After 1687，There is a possibility that bet365 cricket odds lived in seclusion and wrote books，As stated in "Gaoyou Prefecture Chronicles"，"In his later years, he wanted to immortalize himself with his writings"。The situation in this regard，Awaiting further information。

About "Quotations from bet365 cricket odds Panzhuang"，Kong Shangren’s evaluation is relatively fair:

Recently ordered to supervise river engineering，Visit Dao Guangling，Dejian Yangshan Quotations，Really able to break free，Break down barriers，Uniquely prove the way of the sages in the current affairs，Get the essence of simplicity and ordinaryness，And the general response is random、Taking advantage of opportunities，Introducing hundreds of schools of thought to the Dazhongzhizhengzhi，The contribution he made to me is not small。Some of them are different from others，The king’s affairs are finally over，There is a date to apply for the certificate。("bet365 cricket odds Panzhuang Quotations·Postscript")

Kong Shangren’s academic style on bet365 cricket odds、The ideological characteristics are well grasped。As a direct descendant of Confucius，Kong Shangren admired bet365 cricket odds’s contribution to promoting the teachings of his sages，But he clearly realized that bet365 cricket odds’s way and Confucius’ way were obviously different。In our opinion，This is exactly the meaning of bet365 cricket odds’s thought。Comprehensive view of "Ma Panzhuang Quotations"，The basic content focuses on elucidating the purpose of Yixue and the Taoism of Taoism，The former aims to establish knowledge and build people，The latter starts with resting，Discrimination of Sex、The Essentials of Numerology。bet365 cricket odds adheres to Cheng Zhiji’s knowledge of identifying objects by numbers，Easy-oriented，Connecting the Three Religions，Comprehensive of its essence，Considerate renovation，Inherit and carry forward the legacy of the sect，Can find its own way。bet365 cricket odds’s analysis of knowledge and things，Quite explaining the problem。

　　“bet365 cricket odds” is the pivot of all things in the universe

Knowledge and things are the core concepts in Cheng Zhi’s thought，These two concepts reflect Cheng Zhi’s reflection and innovation on Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism’s thought of studying things to achieve knowledge，The key resource for reflection and innovation is Yi Xue。Cheng Zhi on Yi，Making people great，Based on knowledge，The first volume of "Ma Panzhuang Quotations" begins with the purpose of Yi learning，bet365 cricket odds combined Cheng Zhi’s philosophy of establishing people and knowing knowledge into one: “The purpose of the Book of Changes，It’s just knowledge that builds people。How to understand it？Yi said: The Great Beginning of Qianzhi... Only Zhizhi unified the world，Only to rule the world is great，The only great thing is knowing，The beginning is the beginning，Knowing is knowing is great，To know the great is to know the beginning，Knowing the beginning is the beginning。”

When telling this passage，bet365 cricket odds is still Cheng Zhi’s attendant，At that time, he was not only able to deeply understand the essence of the sect，And starting to think。Judging from later quotations，bet365 cricket odds’s thinking on this issue continues to deepen。"The key to the truth，Only one thing”，Quotations Volume 6，bet365 cricket odds launched a classic Heideggerian sermon around this sentence。Where to find this thing？Look for it from the magnetic pot used for drinking tea。Ci Ou comes from water, earth and fire，Become Yuan Jianbai，It is actually color, quality and form... This is a cognitive pursuit path，I’m looking for knowledge，It is the nature and reason of the objects and things in front of us。Next，bet365 cricket odds reverses this path，Turn to the road without consumption power: just be determined to find it，Just look for it。This is the phenomenological flip from knowing to knowing，This reversal begins with knowledge，Start from knowledge，Knowing "Knowing comes from mind"，Meaning comes from the heart，The heart is the body，The heart is from the father，Father is descended from ancestors，The ancestor was Yu Zenggao，Until the First Ancestor，Chasing the original ancestor，To the duality of heaven and earth，Dual coexistence，The image is seen”。Knowing is a thing，It’s a magnetic pot，It is a matter of experience and cognition，Magnetic Ou can hold tea and rice，Can nourish and nourish the body，This is "生"；Knowledge is also a thing，Also a magnetic pot，But it’s about knowledge-mind-heart，And the reflections derived from it，Reflect on the transcendental basis for things to be things，The subjectivity of mind from knowledge，The pedigree of one’s body and the filial piety of one’s fathers and ancestors，And heaven and earth stand side by side，It is "生生"，This is about things，The birth of this thing，It’s about more than physical life，But human life，It is the foundation for people to settle down and live life，It is also the foundation of everything in the world。And the foundation of all this，Things and things、生与生生、The foundation and pivot of empirical questioning and transcendental reflection，All in one word "knowledge"。"The key to the truth，Only one thing”，This thing is "knowledge"。“Knowledge” is in Ciou，"Knowledge" is in heaven and earth；Only "knowledge" brings all things in the world to this magnetic pot，Only "knowledge" makes this magnetic cup go straight to heaven and earth。Heaven and earth are one finger，Everything is one horse，Everything in the world is one magnetic pot！The essence of Zhuangzi is fully revealed。Looking from the quotations，bet365 cricket odds pays special attention to Zhuangzi’s thought of equalizing all things，Zhuangzi’s thoughts have been integrated into his knowledge and knowledge, establishing people and Yi Xue，Especially its knowledge-theory of things，This is also an important reason why he can inherit his master's teachings and innovate，Deserves further investigation。

From bet365 cricket odds’s Discrimination of Magnets，It can be clearly seen that he cares about Cheng Zhi、The inheritance and development of Zhiliren’s thoughts。In the main lecture on the third day of "Donghua Quotations"，Cheng Zhi said bluntly: "The so-called person who establishes people，Establishing one’s mind。Those with a determined heart，Li Zhi Ye。Stand and lean on each other，If you rely on the sky and the earth, you will not stand。”Cheng Zhi builds people from the heart，Establishing people in heaven and earth。There are two kinds of true knowledge，One day, God knows，One day everyone knows，Knowing the heaven and knowing the knowledge，That’s what people know；Everyone knows and God knows，God knows it is in the person。Knowing is knowing the sky，Knowing the sky and knowing people is one and not two，That is, "The Great Beginning of Knowledge"，That is "knowledge builds people"。bet365 cricket odds fully digests Cheng Zhi with his heart、Knowing and establishing people’s thoughts，Considerate and renovate with several layers of meaning，Especially the strengthening and improvement of knowledge: Part 1，“Knowing things”，Knowing things and keeping them together，That is, things establish people’s words，Heaven and earth are also things，Knowledge stops at things、Ending at heaven and earth，It doesn’t matter if there is no existence outside Liuhe，With this, we will end the world of immortality and Buddhism、The above "not divided" thought；At the same time, there is no lack of metaphysical and transcendental thoughts on the origin of heaven and earth，More than materialism。Part 2，Distinguish cognitive theory from Confucian ethics of filial piety and brotherhood，Everyone has his own place，Do not interfere with each other。Third，Based on knowledge，"The human heart is at the beginning of heaven and earth"，Strengthen people’s subjectivity and independence。Fourth，Taking knowledge as the way，Take knowledge as knowledge，For Da Shi，What is established is the cosmology of knowledge、Ontology and Existence，Knowledge becomes the foundation for people to settle down and live a life，Become the hub of all things in the universe，This means an important opportunity for ancient and modern changes in the history of Chinese thought。

　　The groundbreaking significance of the theory of “bet365 cricket odds”

bet365 cricket odds succeeded Cheng Zhi and carried forward the theory of "knowledge"，Is an important chapter in the exploration and transformation of Chinese philosophical thought during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，To clarify its meaning，Need to examine its inheritance and breakthrough of Wang Yangming’s conscience thought，Need to look at the relevant thoughts of contemporary people such as Fang Yizhi，Need to examine the impact of intellectualism embodied in this theory of "knowledge" on Qing scholarship，In particular, the possibility of the influence of Zhang Xuecheng and Dai Zhen’s thoughts。Hu Shi was aware of this possibility last year，But the result was unsuccessful because we could not find any direct material about Cheng Zhi’s family。These questions are of great significance，To be discussed in a special article，Here I will only briefly explain the relationship between conscience and conscience。

Mou Zongsan once devoted a special article on the relationship between conscience and conscience。About "The Great Beginning of bet365 cricket odds"，He affirmed Zhu Xi’s note，bet365 cricket odds is the key，Supervisor、Zhu Shi、The meaning of master。Thus, bet365 cricket odds and conscience can be connected。“Conscience comes to the status of conscience，Qianzhi represents ‘heart’。This heart is a moral heart，Not the cognitive mind”，“This conscience represents activity，Represents the ethereal enlightenment，Not an intellectual activity。Conscience knows right and wrong，Know good and know evil，It is not about right and wrong in scientific bet365 cricket odds，Not an object，This bet365 cricket odds cannot be understood transitively。bet365 cricket odds of moral values，Retract from transitive bet365 cricket odds and become aware of the ethereal spirit，Decide a direction，It is the master，Give us an existential moral decision。Not looking out from the word ‘bet365 cricket odds’，The object of seeing，It’s taken back，Behold its Lord”。The word "take it back" is used extremely accurately，Yangming’s Conscience Learning “takes back” everything in the universe，Back to the foundation of conscience，A little bit of wisdom that takes back bet365 cricket odds from transitivity to the heart，Use it as the moral foundation of heaven, earth, humans, gods, and all things in the universe。Separation of bet365 cricket odds and things，Separation of conscience and cognitive activities，Separate inside and outside，And eventually they were all lost to Confucian benevolence, righteousness and morality。Mou Zongsan regarded it as a transcendent ontology，Confucian moral ontology that is actually absolutist。

"Take it back" is very important，"Put it back" is equally important。“There is really no difference between the two roads，There is only one good and one bad" ("Ma Panzhuang Quotations" Volume 6)，Go backwards、Take it back，From empirical knowledge to transcendental knowledge，It is to know "Ci Ou - water, earth and fire - round solid white - color, quality and shape... know - mind - body - ancestor - ancestor - ancestor - the coexistence of duality - the intersection of duality - the change of the intersection of duality"；Go down、Put it back，It is from a priori knowledge back to empirical knowledge，It is to know "the change of the duality of heaven and earth - the intersection of duality - the coexistence of duality - ancestor - ancestor - great ancestor - father - body - mind - mind - knowledge... color, quality and shape - Yuan Jian White - Water, Earth, Fire - Ci Ou"。Metaphysical and metaphysical，A priori and experience，Objects and objects，生生生与生，Me and things，Inside and outside，Cognitive activities、Moral activities、Religious activities，All in this magnetic pot in front of you。bet365 cricket odds’s Discrimination of Ci Ou，What is at stake is the vitality of Confucian moralism。

That’s why，Knowing is not equal、Not limited to the conscience of the Yangming family，This meaning needs to break through the tradition of Yangming’s theory of mind and Confucian moralism，To Cheng Zhi、Only where can bet365 cricket odds be clear。Knowing and building people is more than just morals，But the foundation of morality，It is an ontological foundation that is more fundamental than morality，Knowledge not only lays the foundation for morality，Also cognitive、Religion and the foundation for people and everything in the world to settle down and live。This theory of "knowledge"，It has a long and magnificent history in the West，It is a basic premise and foundation of modern human civilization。Place yourself in the perspective of the comparison between China and the West and the changes between ancient and modern times，Only in order to clarify Cheng Zhi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties、The significance of exploring bet365 cricket odds’s thoughts。

bet365 cricket odds is erudite and thoughtful，A humble and humble person，Involving a wide range of academic fields，The differentiation of knowledge is only one important aspect。As a new and important academic resource，Qixue、Dual view of heaven and earth、Qi Theory、Distinguishing the Three Religions、Alchemy、Thoughts on breathing, breathing, etc.，To be studied by experts and scholars in various fields。bet365 cricket odds’s skill in calming down illnesses is superb，Famous，There are many people seeking Dharma，But he is committed to Taoism rather than magic，Aiming to cure the world’s diseases rather than treating one’s own disease。He is in the quotation，After repeatedly criticizing Qin Keng，The world is out of order，Ambition to attack the soil，Sighing that the way of heaven does not exist，If you want to inherit the master's teachings and use knowledge to build people and turn the world upside down，Unfortunately, I was born at the wrong time，It is difficult to achieve his ambition，Not knowing where to end。

　(Author’s affiliation: Institute of World Religions, bet365 cricket odds Academy of Social Sciences)