"Honor the Ghosts and Gods" is a sentence that controversial is more controversial when discussing the concept of Confucius sacrifice。Previous research or several paragraphs based on the Analects of Confucius and the ghosts and gods，or focus，or combined with the context of this sentence quoted by the post -life text to analyze the context。But，The meaning of this sentence is still not solved.，There are even many explanations that are completely opposite，There is a state of "Six Classics"。From the perspective of methodology，The previous research will focus on the explanation of the sentence of the later generations，Relatively ignore the cultural roots generated by the Confucius sacrifice concept。Confucius' sacrifice concept is not set out of thin air，Instead of inheriting Zhou Li。From the source, it is why it，Start from the righteousness of Zhou Li's sacrifice，Based on the related records of Confucius's sacrifice concept with Confucius，or can provide us with a new idea for understanding "respecting ghosts and gods"。

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At the time of Confucius，Li Xue has passed the profit or loss of the summer and business on Wednesday.，But there are still a lot of content，The so -called: "Three generations of gift，也。"(" Book of Rites · Rites ") Confucius is based on the cause of Zhou Li、profit or loss，When talking about the theoretical roots of your own etiquette，Confucius once said: "Luxie Wen 哉! I from Zhou。"" ("The Analects of Confucius · Eight") When Yan Yuan asked Ren，Confucius takes "self -denial" as interpretation，It is also the goal of returning Zhou Li。

On the one hand，Confucius aid "Ren" enters "Li"，Give Zhou Li's deeper connotation in courtesy，This is the profit and loss and invention of Bet365 app download Confucius on Zhou Li; on the other hand，In terms of specific rituals and systems，Confucius mostly inherit the old system。"The Analects of Confucius · Wei Linggong" in Confucius: "When the summer is in summer，Take Yinzhizhi，Crown of Week "，"Book of Rites" also has many records about the old gift of Confucius Zun Zhou，For example, "Book of Rites · Tan Gong" contains: "Confucius said:‘ Yin Ye，I Cong Zhou '"; Confucius theory of the three generations in" Book of Rites · The Golden Mean "said:" I say Xiaoli，Qi Deficiency Express also。I learn Yin Li，Song Cunji; I learn Zhou Li，Used today，I from Zhou。"" From this point of view，Start with Zhou Li’s sacrifice concept，Or can see the connotation of Confucius "respecting ghosts and gods" from the source。

One of the important principles of the week of the sacrifice of Zhou is: the more respect, the farther the more than the human relationship。Specific performance as a sacrifice in the sacrifice、Selection of related items such as sacrifices，Respect for the goodness of the vulgarity of people，Ru Tai Temple should be covered with thatched grass，The big road used for sacrifice the king should be used as a seat。For this，"Book of Rites · Rites" summarizes it as:，Non -the -best "，Zheng Xuan further explained: "Nearly people are obsessed with people，Far people respect "。What needs to be pointed out is，"Human sentiment" here does not refer to the "human sentiment" on the moral and natural rationality of "affectional gifts" and "ritual affairs"，Instead, "eating men and women，People's desire to survive "(" Book of Rites · Ceremony ") Natural desire。

The concept of sacrifice of human affection in the Zhou Dynasty is recorded in many classics，"Xiaoya · Xinnan Mountain" contains the grand occasion of Zhou Wang's sacrifice ancestors: "San sake，From 骍 骍，Enjoy the ancestor test。His Sword，To enlighten its hair，Take its blood。"Among them，Sake is really Bet365 lotto review mysterious wine, that is, clear water，Dajie is ancient and blunt and slow，The sacrifice of the ancestors even includes even the blood and fat ointment after slaughtering the animals。"Da Ya · Role" "Best Clear" and "Da Ya Han Yi" "Sake Hundred Pot"，It is also recorded that King Zhou worshiped his ancestor with mystery。Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods，Far -human sacrifice concept, although there is a slight state，But still the respect of Zhou Li's respect。"Han Feizi · Ten" contains the descendants of the Zhou room, Yu to the sacrifice "ink dye outside，And Zhu Hua Book "negatively negated description。"Zuo Zhuan · Gong Gong Two Years" also records that Zang Lingbo said to discourage the dissua of Lu Ding to the Tai Temple: "Qing Temple House，Daolu Yueqi，Da Ni will not cause，粢 粢 粢 凿。"" House is humble，Vietnam Simpin，Big Danua Naowei，The utensils used in these sacrifice instruments are beautiful、Comfort、Convenience and other aspects do not meet the goodness of human conditions，It clearly shows that the more respectful sacrifice is more respectful than the sacrifice principles of humanity。

　　Because of respect and far away from the sacrifice

Zhou's sacrifice ceremony is based on far human feelings，There are three main reasons: one，The respect of the gods in the division of human gods。"Chu Language · Mandarin" is when you are less than a little，The public sacrifice because of the "people of the people"，Caused the severe disaster in the sky，To this end 颛顼 "Jedi Tiantong"，Divided by the Fortune God。"Book of Rites · Suburb Special" also emphasizes the division of human gods，"So those who are in the gods，It cannot be the same as that of the obscene "，Kong Yingda further explained in the Book of Rites: "God of God，Do not be close to human love，Recommended，Far people think they are very respectful。"The second，Commemorate the ancestors in the way of reflecting the ancient bet365 Play online games cultivation。"Book of Rites · Rites" wrote: "In the past, the first king had no palace ...，Reality of Foodwood，Pork of Birds and Beasts，Drink its blood，Ru Qimao ... Xuanjiu is sacrificed，Recommend its blood hair，Sticky 俎 俎 俎 俎 俎 俎 俎 俎 俎 俎 俎，visible to the use of mystery、Sacrifice for blood hair and other objects，Reflecting the gratitude of people who "do not forget what they are born" ("Book of Rites · Sacrifice")。Its three，Educational Education and Sacrifice to achieve the people into customs。"Book of Rites · Suburb Special" contains: "Recommended by King，Edible，but not also。Rolling Crown、Road car，Ke Chen also，It is not good ... So those who are in the gods，It can’t be the same as the righteousness of peace。"" From the perspective of real level，Ceremony、The sacrifice device is far more than the love of human feelings，Avoid attracting related items with the sacrifice，Then better realize the moral education of the sacrifice "to respect and respect"。

From this look at "respecting ghosts and gods far away"，This sentence comes from "The Analects of Confucius · Yong Ye": "Fan Chi Witness，Zi said: ‘the righteousness of the people，Ghosts and Gods and Far Huar，can be described as knowing ‘。"in this scene，Disciple Fan Chi asks Confucius what is "Knowing"，The answer given by Confucius is: "The meaning of the people，Ghosts and Gods and Far Huar。"" The Righteousness of the People "has the meaning of teaching the people to turn the people into customs，​​There are no obvious differences in each family，But what was ignored in the past was: in the historical world where Confucius was located，Educational and Education is an important way to afford the people，As Confucius said: "Ghost and God，Teaching to the end also。"The Book of Songs · Cai Ping" "Yu Cai Ping? The coast of Nanxun ... Yu Yi?，"Book of Rites · Flying" "Women Married March，The ancestral temple is not destroyed，Teach in the public palace bet365 best casino games ... The sacrifice of teaching ...，So Woman Shun also "，The records were all taught in the temple before the woman was married，parallel sacrifice ceremony to show the results learned。"Book of Rites · Suburban Special" saying that the ceremony can be "taught the people's newspaper"，"Book of Rites · Ceremony" is even more praised: "The sacrifice is a big thing ... it is the taught of the gentleman，It must be based on its original，Shun Zhizhi，Sacrifice it is and。Therefore, the sacrifice，Teaching the original。"From this can be seen，Sacrifice to provide the people with vivid moral education scene，The preface to the long and young and humble can be repeatedly practiced，It can also evoke the heart of Zhuang Jingshun's filial piety，It reflects the process of educational education and sacrificing people。

　Know the "respect for ghosts" with "far humanity"

The mainstream interpretation of the phrase "respecting ghosts and gods far away" today，originated from Huang Kan's "The Analysis Synthesis" "Bao's said: respect ghosts and gods instead of blame。Desert，Uster number is near "。The interpretation of later generations will be linked to Confucius' prostitution，Think of sacrifice to sacrifice "near"，Should be "respecting ghosts and gods far away"，Reduce the frequency of sacrifice。The problem of this interpretation is: there is indeed a prostitution in Confucius when there is a sacrifice in Confucius，But the "sacrifice" at that time means "non -ghost sacrifice" ("The Analects of Confucius")，Most refers to surpassing the ceremony on the sacrifice object，instead of exceeding the regulations at the frequency of sacrifice。other，"Book of Rites · Sacrifice" has a saying: "Sacrifice does not want to count，Numbers are annoying，I don't respect if I am annoying。Sacrifice does not want to sparse，Relaxing，Forgot to forget "，If the sacrifice is too frequent, directly request "Far"，It will inevitably lead to "sparseness and idle，Bet365 lotto review Forgot to forget "。So，The reasonable sacrifice is mainly whether it meets the regulation，instead of the frequency。"Three Rites" sacrifice gift strips are complicated，Heaven and Earth、Four o'clock、cold and summer、Sifang、Sun Moon and Star、Mountains, rivers, hills, etc. are all in the festival，In addition, there are many small sacrifice rituals interspersed in life，"The Analects of Confucius · Township Party" is a record of Confucius followed by diet: "Although sparse food，melon festival，must be Qi Ru also。"" Weekly Ceremony，Wang Liqi Temple all sacrifice every month，Confucius also sacrifice every meal，This frequent sacrifice can be described as "near"，But it is a gift of gift。So，It is yet to be discussed to interpret "respect the ghosts and gods" with "avoiding the number near"。

According to the above article，In the dialogue of "Fan Chi Witness"，In fact, there are two important cultural backgrounds: one，The more respectful the sacrifice is more than the human relationship，Its two，Sacrifice is an important way to afford the people。From this perspective，When Confucius answered "knowledge", "the meaning of the people，Honor the ghosts and gods far away "，Or can be understood from three levels: first，Confucius 寓 教，With "respecting ghosts and gods" as an important way for the people; second，Confucius inherited the sacrifice concept of the sacrifice of the sacrifice of Zhou，"Far" is far more than the goodness of human conditions，This is the inevitable requirement of "respecting ghosts"，Behind it contains the respect of the gods of heaven、Read the ancient sages、Make the sacrifice more concentrated in the concept of sacrifice; third，Confucius takes "to respect ghosts and gods" as "knowing"，In fact, it is affirmed the practical significance of the "far away from respect" as the way of the people at the real level。Therefore, "respecting ghosts and gods far away" or the old system of bet365 live casino games Confucius inheriting Zhou，Affirmation and reiteration of the principles of distant human sacrifice。Zhou Zhi's sacrifice ritual, the more respectful,，Even when the descendants of Ji Ji when the ritual collapse and the joy are broken, the Fa -rectification of the sacrifice。But，This kind of sacrifice concept later is more hidden and endless，To the Qing Pi Xirui in "The theory of Classics": "The ancient ritual is not close to people，Hou Confucianism is suspicious of ancient rituals，All you see is false。”

　　(Author Unit: National College of Renmin University of China)