Generally speaking，Marx's social progress theory is formed on the basis of modern western enlightenment historical philosophy。The basic feature of this philosophical paradigm is based on "rationality" as scale，Understand historical development as a motion process with a priority consciousness。If Kant starts from objective first，The history of moral movement guided by the "hidden plan of nature" is understood as the reason for the "hidden plan of nature";，Understand history as "absolute spirit" to continuously realize its own process。This is not a simple construction at the level of consciousness，Instead, "rational" is used as an ideological method，Put out of the human historical world。

　Bet365 lotto review

As an important part of the historical view of materialism，Marx's social progress theory and the philosophy of enlightenment shared some basic theoretical prerequisites。This table is now: one，For the acceptance of the concept of "progress"，Marx and Enlightenment philosophers share a common historical context。Its two，People can improve the progress of society by improving themselves。Its three，In terms of value pursuit，Marx and Enlightenment philosophers both defend the subjective defense of people through humancism。But，Different from enlightenment historical philosophy，Here here，The core scale of measuring history is no longer "rational" as a "rational"，Instead of "practice" as a man's existence,。So，How should I understand this change of Marx? This first needs to be inspected from his definition of "practice"。From Marx's view，People are not some Bet365 lotto review kind of rational or conscious "abstract person"，Instead, the "real person" that exists at the experience scene。This is because of，Compared to rational or consciousness，People who are more fundamental are actually material needs，It determines that people first need to solve the problem of survival through production material，That is, the activity of a person first expands in the production activities of material data，This event is what Marx said。In this dimension，The development of history is not a mysterious process that is out of the person，It is fundamentally accumulated and expanded by the sum of the practical activities of the "real person"。It is based on this definition of "practice"，Marx began to bid farewell to the "consciousness" tradition of enlightenment philosophers，Seeking a new understanding of history。

From Marx's view，Enlightenment philosophers only look for the basis for history from the level of consciousness，No matter how the precise "Ideological Building" is constructed，It is difficult to reach an effective explanation of itself in the experience world。Enlightenment historical philosophy shows high speculation，But it also allows history to always be in a binary "pull"，One is the historical reality at the experience level，The other party is the historical reason at the priority level。This produces an inherent contradiction，That is, history is no longer an experience for them，Instead, it is used to demonstrate the ideological object of "rational" -whether it is the "nature" in the Kant sense，It is still the "absolute spirit" in Hegel's sense，History all presents the review of the existence of consciousness。History has become a rational footnote，The history of the research object itself is no longer important。bet365 live casino games This is a foundation inversion，What Marx is going to do is from this kind of "rational myth" to get out of this，Let the historical scale return to its own。

Actually，What Marx wants to seek is a "universal validity" understanding that is absolutely objective and objective for history，is a science of history。In his opinion，History movement does not come from the liberation of a certain priority consciousness，Instead, it is closely related to the "experience" of the current time and space。The so -called "experience" here，That is historical existence、The fundamental condition of occurrence and development。Further talk，The relationship between history from its own elements and its existence，Existing conditions will change，But there is always a constant thing in this change。So，What is this constant thing? From Marx's view，It is "the relationship between material life"。Specifically，People form a production relationship due to the production materials of production，The sum of these production relations further constitutes a specific economic structure，This is the fundamental condition of history。During the historical development process，Although the economic structure will change，But there is a constant nature behind it，That is the contradiction movement of productivity and production relations。From Marx's view，It is this contradictory movement that "to ensure that it can become the general elements and constant nature of it can become science"。It is the promotion of this contradiction，Social progress can be realized，It is the "power source" for human society development。

　　Social progress as "History of Nature"

Understand history with "the relationship between material"，It is both Marx's correction of enlightenment historical philosophy，bet365 best casino games It is also the fundamental logic of its theory of social progress。But，Marx's logical fortune is not only here，If the material production practice presents the contradiction between productivity and production relations, it provides a "power source" for social progress，So this motivation still needs to make a further explanation of itself in the historical dimension。In "Capital"，Marx proposed "understanding the development of economic social forms as a process of natural history"，It is this statement that provides us with a overall clue for us to understand social progress，It constitute another heavy logic of Marx's theory of progress in society。

Simply look at，The process of "the process of natural history" revealed that it is actually a basic reality of human society，The materiality shared by human society and nature。From Marx's view，Although people have the ability to think about rational thinking beyond animals and plants，But in essence，"Man is natural、Body、Sensory、Objective existence，Like animals and plants，Is the move、Existence restricted and restricted existence "。That's for this，The progress of human society is not independent of nature，but the result of the evolution of nature -it is about the "natural history of nature"。This view is easily regarded as a naturalism theory (although there is indeed a context of naturalism)，But actually，It has pulled the proposition of social progress back to its own objective foundation。For Marx，If human society and nature are the same，Follow sensory、Material、Objective and other natural features，So when these features are presented in material production activities，Its "naturalness" will also be further reflected: no matter the generation of material life relationship、Development bet365 best casino games or conversion，Always follow the laws of the contradiction between productivity and production relations，Not transferred by people's will。So，Understand social progress as "History of Natural"，It can be said that it is a basic and objective judgment made by Marx on human society。

But，Marx really wants to emphasize the materiality of human society，It also includes its unique "human nature"。In his opinion，Compared to animals，The most important feature of a person is that it has subjective initiative that the former does not have，Although human society is an extension of nature，But based on the foundation based on nature，Human beings have further developed this foundation (including human itself)。That's for this，History can be understood as "natural history"，But its final presentation is a kind of "humanization nature" beyond the former，This is the real "real part" of history。and "humanization of nature" Once the formation is formed，Whether it is nature or human society，New conversion has occurred in its roles，Although the development of human society is a kind of "natural history"，But in the development process, this "natural history" converts this "natural history" into a person's own history，and the nature of nature goes to some degree of nothingness under this conversion。This needs to be discarded、As a "None" nature，Marx called the "inorganic body"，while society is the "organic body" of human beings，Further presenting its unique logo，That is the integration of regularity and purpose。

In fact，Social progress as a "natural history" reveals that the "subjectivity" dimension of social progress。From Marx's view，The law of social progress does not transfer with people's will，But human subjective initiative still has a significant role in this bet365 Play online games process。Practice through subjective energy，People can not only better grasp the laws of social progress，And can continuously meet the various conditions or resources required by the rules through practice，Then promote social acceleration progress，Realize a leap -off of the "Kafotin Canyon" style。But，This is not the negation of "natural history"，Here here，Social progress is a tortuous process that needs to go through various complex factors，But in the process "people do not create material itself"。So，If some "transcendence" fragments appear in history，This exactly means that the "transcendence" of the material production activity itself，It exists the basic premise of this historical materialism，"Nature" shows its unchanged priority。

From the above, it can be seen，Marx's social progress theory contains a dual logic。With "the relationship between material life" as the root cause，Re -establish the constant nature of history itself，thus clarifying the "power source" of social progress，This is the logic of its social progress theory。Social progress as a "natural history" is not only fully explained this logic，and further clarify its "subjectivity"，This is another heavy dimension of its theoretical logic of social progress。And，These two are not separated from each other，They unify the material production activities of people，and jointly show the core theme of human society's progress- "Practice"。That's for this，Marx's social progress theory is a ideological system with strict logic。

Of course，The profound significance of this ideological system is，It not only got rid of the historical research paradigm of the previous "idealization"，The transformation from historical philosophy to historical sciences，and reached the best interpretation of the law of progress bet365 live casino games of human society。That is，History presents the contradiction movement between productivity and production relations，And social progress is used as the "interpretation" of this movement，Expand and extend in the experience of experience。

　(Author Unit: Philosophy of Renmin University of China)