Derrida is a representative of the postmodern western Marxist thoughts，Founder of deconstruction philosophy。Su Dong drama changes，Marxism encounters unprecedented doubts，"Useless theory", "Oncestream theory" is very arrogant。In this "chaotic era"，Desida takes the initiative to approach Marx's "Ghost"，Try to evoke Marx's true spirit through its work。

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Derrida's bamboo peeling and band analysis of Marx's "German Ideology" in the book "Marx's Ghost"，The essence of Marx's pursuit of Steina's "spirit" was discovered，Completed the arrangement and reorganization of his so -called ghost spectrum，It also achieved the ghost science that runs through。Drida said in the interpretation of the relationship between the "spirit" and "ghost" involved in Marx's "German Ideology":，Spiritual Phenomenon Body，This is the definition of ghost。Ghost is a phenomenon of spirit。"He believes that the ghost as a spiritual phenomenon can be subjectized and explicitly shape in the large court。Visible，Ghost and Spirit is a contradictory body that is both connected and different。Later, Derrida carried out a key analysis and argument on the differences between the two，And this "difference" or "heterogeneity" is "heterogeneity"，"The ghost is not only the sanctification of the spiritual body，It is its phenomenon body; its fallen and guilty body，and it is also a kind of redemption，That is -once again -a kind of anxious and Huaixiang -style waiting。Ghost seems Bet365 lotto review to be the spirit of delay，It is a promise and plan for atonement。What is this differential extension? It's everything or nothing "。It is not difficult to see from the analysis of Drida，"Spirit" is the nothingness that is scattered in many relationships in the society，It is the soul that has nothing to trust and wandering in the world; but once the "spirit" delays and refers to it，Broadcasting and ghost，It has the opportunity to explicitly shape。

In order to reflect the ghost nihn、Extable existence method，Drida pioneered the word "wandering"。The main body of the wandering cannot be captured，It is not present and present，Both are tangible and intangible。It was originally an object generated in contradictions，Although there is no real body，But it has a vague visible appearance; it is a wandering soul，but not a pure spirit。Drida cleverly borrowed the lines of Massireus in "Hamlet "-" This thing "to present the characteristic feature that the ghost cannot be described，It does be beyond our cognitive habits。Masles says: "I haven't seen anything yet。"Drida pointed out，This sentence shows another feature of the ghost，Asymmetric。We can't see who is watching us，You can only see the image behind the coverage of protective objects such as noodles，Can't fully identify him。

Although the ghost is a potential deficiency and feathering wandering，This is also the one who is not present，But Drida thinks that the "ghost" he calls is not pure fantasy，"If the ghost is just a ghost rather than another，Not more than no，Is it from nothing，Then my book is not worth reading the second eye "。To clarify the pointed by "Ghost"，Drida explained: "Marx's Ghost" "is a reflection on the category of ghosts I have been bet365 live casino games concerned about for a long time。People may also contact such thinking in my early research。Ghost is not just a soul、Ghost，Come back to call us what we inherit the inheritance，and still non -dead、Non -true and non -fake，Re -introduce the dimension of the ghost into politics ... is a main line that is discussed "。

　　Maris's "Ghost": Continue to guide our lives

The Declaration of the Communist Party has a saying: "A ghost，Ghost of Communism，Wandering in Europe。"Drida admits that his" ghost "concept comes from this metaphor，also cut into the discussion of Marx's "ghost"。"I have found out，In fact, I just remembered what was hovering in my memory: the first term in the "Communist Declaration" ... This is 'Ghost'。"The Declaration of the Communist Party" revealed the prelude to the word "ghost".，Explain that Marxism itself contains a kind of "ghost" political science。So，Why does Marx call their ideological results "ghost"? Drida pointed out，Marx compare communism to "ghost"，On the one hand, communism is the invisible force that makes the old forces fear，It must be cursed and scolded; on the other hand, it means that communism can give the proletarian a huge power，Lead them to carry out revolutionary practice activities。The Communist ghost in the "Communist Declaration" has made the old forces in Europe a frightenedness，Today, a group of people attempted to declare communism in the era of "disconnection".，and take the opportunity to support the capitalist system to the supreme throne。Drida ironically，This reflects their inner fear of this ghost。Because of this，They are anxious to announce the death of Marxism，Ghost who attempts to disperse communism。Bet365 lotto review In fact，This ghost is lingering，It has been watching us over Europe and even the world。

Drida said: "Now the ghost who maintains Marx is now。"He emphasized that through the form of the ghost's plural form, he broke a historical end conclusion that claims to have perished by Marxism，Call the future of Marxism。In the book "Marx's Ghost"，"Ghost" refers to far beyond its energy finger，Mainly the following meanings: First，The ghost of the old king in "Hamlet"，A return ghost; second，"German Ideology" was criticized by Marx、Ghost of some theorists expelled; third，Later scholars' various differentiated understanding of Marx; fourth，Currency、Ghost of Capital; Fifth，Ghost of Communism, etc.。Here，The meaning of "ghost" has been intricate and complicated，It is difficult to recognize，And Derida, who is keen on text games, often uses the method of interoperability to put a variety of meaning with the unclear boundaries.，This "ghost" is really like a ghost，Makes people unclear、I can't see it。Actually，Desida intends to prove to people with a plural ghost that the collapse of the Soviet model is not equal to the death of Marx's spirit，Marxists scattered around the world have inherited one or several aspects of Marx's spirit，such as materialism、History theory，or revolutionary、Critical、Class, etc.，Performing different obligations and functions。Marx's legacy is still active，The rumors that people hear are just a gospel book made of some forces out of the fear of Marx's ghost。Repeated and multi -nature of the ghost is the heterogeneity of Marx's spirit。Jacques Drida pointed out，Heterogeneity may not be bad，The heterogeneity Bet365 lotto review of the Marx spirit makes it constantly re -explained。In his opinion，metabolism is the most basic form of all things，If the metabolism is gone，Development stops。Marxism is no exception。"Heterogeneity is the understanding of understanding，It will be expanded by itself、arrival or is about to come -special fragments from others -things from others。If there is no break，There will be no instructions，There is no promise。”

Derrida has repeatedly claimed that the spirit of Marxism is not only one kind，In many heterogeneous spirit，"At least there is a spirit，A Critical Spirit of Marxism "。Specifically，He divides the criticism of Marxism into two types，is the criticism of the upper -level architecture of capitalism and good self -feelings of capitalism;。Derrida pointed out，Marxism's criticism of capitalism is reflected in the production method、Labor concept、Social class and other theories，Only by analyzing the analysis by Marx in this sense can we expose capitalist countries through power and political monopoly financial capital、Technology Capital、Facts of private capital and national capital，Only to make people realize that the political and economic system of capitalist countries has become a tumor in human history。other，Derida also reminds people not to forget that Engels has warned people in the preface of the Chinese Declaration of 1888，He and Marx have realized that in their own theory, there is an inherent historic that cannot be overcome and these factors are likely to be outdated。Marx and Engels do not forget to remind people to criticize their theories in the future，It can be seen "This critical spirit consciously and voluntarily Bet365 lotto review accept its own change、Value Realurement and Self -Explanation "。Drida said that this remark should attract our attention，Because "their lessons look particularly urgent today"。

So，Why did Derida focus on the concept of "ghost" at the moment of trying to defend Marxism? Professor Juls Thomson at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom pointed out in the article "Derida's Decodic of Marxism"，Derrida is the same as Heidegger，The key to trying to evaluate the entire Western traditional philosophy，Logos centralism cornerstone that subverts the Western shape and go to school theory。From the perspective of Drida，Pure current is unsure。Because "Now" exists in the past and the future、Between memory and desire，The expression of language as "existence"，The proposition of "pure existence is inner unity"。Therefore，What we express is always in a state that is not existing or unprepared。The concept of "Ghost" can almost perfectly reflect the existence and non -existence of something、Features that cannot be grasped，This is in line with Derrida's consistent deconstruction logic。He tries to combine deconstruction and Marxism through the main line of "ghost"，For a strong confrontation with the end of history。But he also declared，The reason why it pays so much attention to the ghost logic，The reason is that the concept of "ghost" corresponds to a logic that comes to reality or effectiveness，It always can lead us to an open thinking。This indicates that Derrida largely does not agree with dialectical materialism，Because it is contrary to the infinite interpretation advocated by deconstructionism。Therefore，Derida's condition bet365 best casino games to defend Marx's spirit is to make Marxist ghostization，This essentially violates the validity logic of Marxism，Isn't it true Marxism。

　(Author Unit: Marxism College of Jiangxi Normal University)