intentability is the internal attribute of unique phenomenon of the soul，Refers to the ability of the soul to have the object of the character，It can reproduce the object。philosophers refer to this reproduction of the mind in the soul (Mental Reprerentation)，The relationship between this character and the object of the character seems not a physical relationship。Due to both relationships in physical relations，and the object of the psychological state can not exist in physical。For example，"Sun Wukong" is fictional，It does not real in physical existence。But when you want "Sun Wukong to make a big trouble in Tiangong"，My heart still represents the fictional incident of "Sun Wukong's Big Tiangong"。So，How does the psychological character be obtained? How does the soul represent the objects in the external world?。

Contemporary philosophy mainly explores this problem in the framework of naturalism。Naturalism is the position held by most British and American philosophers since the middle of the 20th century，It is believed that it is enough to understand the reality with the methods and the subjective theory of natural sciences，There is no supernatural thing，I even think that philosophy should be consistent with natural science。Specifically，Philosophy should not violate the principles of physical cause and effect，that is, the physical science is complete in the cause and effect chain: physical reasons always lead to physical consequences，The physical consequences must also be caused by physical reasons。The facts recognized by natural sciences are usually called physical facts，The whole of physical things is the physical world that people live in it。This means，The field of mind is not outside the physical field。Psychological representation Bet365 app download or intentional as a psychological state is also physically physically。Correspondingly，For content issues，We should explain the intentional problem of psychological characteristics in a way consistent with natural science。That is to say，The relationship between a characteristic or intention between the psychological representation and the external object is not a non -physical relationship，Instead, it is implemented by physical relations，can be explained by physical relationships。The way to answer the content of content in this way is called the naturalization path of intention。

The first theory of naturalization of intention is the theory of causal theory proposed by Dennis W. Stampe in 1977。This theory thinks，The content of a psychological state is determined by the conditions that are usually caused by this state，Therefore, this state indicates these conditions。This theory constitutes a causal theoretical program for psychological characterization。Fred Dretske、Jerry Fodor and Robert D. Rupter further developed index semantics、Asymmetric dependency theory and best test theory。Although these theories are different，But there is a common feature，Considering the condition of the psychological state as a character。Due to these conditions or determine a certain psychological state，So the content of this psychological characteristic is these conditions。

The theory of determining the content of the representative content from the condition that causes psychological representation faces a serious challenge，The problem of the error representation。Our soul often makes mistakes when characterizing external objects。If the theory of causality is right，Then we should not have an error representation。But，In fact, we often have error representation。Therefore，Cause and effect theory is wrong。In view of the problem of error representation facing causal theory，Another bet365 live casino games research program for naturalization of intention (Teleosemantics)，Not considering the content of the characteristics from the characteristics of the representation，Instead of considering the content of the sign from the effect produced by this sign or the functions that have it。Similarly，The reason why a psychological state represents a certain object，It is because this psychological state is designed to characterize this object，That is the function that represents this object。But，We can’t think that the spiritual representation is designed by the external others，Otherwise it will lead to "intelligent design theory"，Conflict with naturalism。Supporters of destination semantics use biological functions to understand psychological characterization of this function。Biological function refers to the function of the traits of the life of life，If the heart has the function of pumping blood，Visual function, etc.。

Just as Darwin's natural choice is explained，The function of a biological trait does not require the design of other others，but naturally produced in evolution。Views from the perspective of evolutionary history to determine the function of biological traits，Known as historical-retrospective (historical-eTiology) view，That is the reason why a certain character has this function，It is preserved and inherited to the next generation because it has a specific effect in the history of evolution.。Ruth G. Millikan (Ruth G. Millikan) refers to this function as proper。She will distinguish the proprietary function to the accidental function。For example，Doctors can judge whether the heart is normal based on the heartbeat，But the frequency of heartbeat is not the exclusive function of the heart，It's just the attached effect of the blood of the heart pump。

Mili Ken uses exclusive functions to explain the characteristics of the symbol or intentional content。The reason why Bet365 lotto review a certain symbol has a certain representation content，It was saved because the symbol was preserved in the past。and causal theory that the conditions generated by the consequences are different as the true value of the character.，Destination semantics regards the effects generated by the state as the true value of the identity。Milikin referred to the event or object that produced as a producer (Producer)，The main body that will use this status to implement a specific characteristic function is called consumers (consumer)。Cause and effect Theory Consid by，It is the content of the producer determined; and the destination semantics believes that，It is the content that consumers determine the character。Due to the content of the content of the characteristic of the biological signal, the content of the discussion，Then provide insights for explaining the content of human language，So she calls her theory a biosemantics。Biological semantics constitutes the goal of the goal semantics。Almost at the same time as Milikin，David Papineau also discusses the content of the content of the characteristics according to the biological function。Since he started discussing from the human cognitive system，So the self -bottoming and bottom of the destination semantics。

A prominent advantage of solving the content of the content from biological functions is，You can easily solve the problem of error representation。Because biological functions are only implemented by the biological trait (support)，Therefore, malfunction may。For example，The exclusive function of the heart is pump blood，When functional disorders appear in the heart，It may not be able to achieve the function of pump blood，But the exclusive function that does not affect the heart is pumping blood。Biological functions are exclusive functions mean，Biological traits are only realized by preset，does not mean that this function will Bet365 app download actually be realized。Destination semantics, on the one hand, explains how a psychological characteristic or linguistic representation has a specific content，On the other hand, it successfully explained why there is an error representation。

Destination semantics Although these theoretical advantages，But still facing two serious challenges。The first challenge was the "Swampman" demonstration proposed by Donald Herbert Davidson。Destination semantics adopts history — traceable to understand biological function。This means，History to determine the content of the content of the character is necessary。That is to say，A representation has no history，It will not determine its content。Davidson proposed such an ideological experiment: in a strong convection weather in summer，A lightning split to a swamp。Due to some physical、Chemical possible reactions，A "Marshman" that exactly exactly exactly the same as him in physical state。According to the principle of the same example (token identity)，If the state of the two brains is completely consistent，So the psychological state of these two brain status is consistent。Because the physical state of the "Marsh" at this moment is the same as Davidson's physical state at this moment，So their mental state should also be the same，The content of their psychological state is the same。There is no history due to the psychological characteristics of the "Swamp"，So history is not necessary for determining the content of the character，Therefore, the semantics of the destination is wrong。but but，Milikin does not think that this argument will seriously threaten her theory，Because this ideological experiment is logically possible，But it is almost impossible to be physical。When explaining the intention of quoting biological insights，We consider realistic possibilities，Not just logic possibilities。

The second challenge facing the destination semantics is the content of content judgment。In bet365 live casino games simple terms，A biological character except to generate the effect of realizing its own function，Also produce other effects。So，How should we judge which one is the proprietary feature of this character? Paul Pietroski also uses an ideological experiment to express this refutation: imagine a simple multi -cell animal called Kham，It only has a primary perception ability，Only one is a natural enemy named Snov。Snover prey on the ground every day on the ground。Now there are some Kaims changed，The tendency of perception and climbing to red things。Dawn every day，These mutations will climb to a high place，Perceive red sunrise。Since Snover only prey on the ground，Therefore, these mutations are available because they can avoid being predated，I have a choice advantage。This mutation can obviously improve Kham's adaptability。In intuitive speaking，We will feel that the mutation Kaim is conscious of red things。But according to the semantics of the destination，The content of the character is determined by the successful conditions of the past，So it is not the adaptation of the mutation Kaim to the red，Instead of avoiding predators。So，The content of the mutation Kaim should be without Snover。Therefore，Full -effect -based destination semantics conflict with our intuition。In recent years，Karen Neander and Nicolas Shea each try on the basis of integrating Dreski's information semantics，Combining the information relationship generated by the producer side with the effect of the consumer side，To respond to this challenge，and try to explain cognitive science、Psychology and content in language。

From the introduction of the naturalization of intentions above, it can be seen，Biology based on Darwin's natural selection theory，Not only the concept of function and purpose in creatures not only succeeded，and promote this naturalization strategy to the core issues in bet365 best casino games spiritual philosophy。In fact，Darwin Nature's Theory has become the main theoretical framework of naturalism in scientific philosophy。Because cognition and soul are in the context of life，I believe in the philosophical problems of cognition and soul from the perspective of biology，Will bring new understanding to these ancient and new philosophical topics，Then promote the solution of related philosophical problems。

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