Structural factors generating app bet365 download
November 18, 2020 10:13 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" Issue 2050, November 18, 2020 Author: Tang Bin

app bet365 download is a political attitude formed after people evaluate the trustworthiness of the government,Its generation is the result of the comprehensive action of four structural factors: the subject of app bet365 download、Object of app bet365 download、The mediators of app bet365 download and the environment in which app bet365 download arises。The generation of app bet365 download is caused by two dynamic human elements—the subject and object of app bet365 download、It is composed of four elements: a connected materialized element—the mediator of app bet365 download and a non-independent background element—the environment in which app bet365 download arises,The app bet365 download level of the people in a country at a specific period is the result of the combined effect of these four factors。

  Who to trust: the subject of app bet365 download

 The word "trust" means to believe and entrust,app bet365 download refers to a political attitude in which app bet365 download subjects believe and entrust their interests to the disposal of app bet365 download objects。In a different era,Changes in the status of the people mean that in real politics, the degree of freedom to express app bet365 download and political distrust is different。

Based on the scope of the subject of app bet365 download,The subjects of app bet365 download can be divided into three levels: from the micro level,The subject of app bet365 download is a single individual,That is, the people’s trust in the government in an individual sense;From the mesoscopic level,The subjects of app bet365 download can be from different regions、Career、Social groups with identity attributes such as age;From a macro level,The subject of app bet365 download can also refer to the collection of all citizens of a country。

among them,In an individual sense, the public is the most basic subject of app bet365 download,It is also the constituent unit of app bet365 download subjects at the meso and macro levels。Therefore,The analysis of the level of app bet365 download at the meso and macro levels must be reduced to the individual,Only through an in-depth analysis of the psychological factors influencing app bet365 download among individuals in a group or the whole,In order to discern the reasons for changes in group or overall app bet365 download。

Although academic research on app bet365 download did not arise until the 1970s,But as a political and psychological phenomenon,app bet365 download is actually a companion of the country and the government。In the development process of human society,Human society has experienced a transformation from tradition to modernity,During this transformation process, the actual status of the people who are the subject of app bet365 download has also undergone earth-shaking changes,Leading to the different characteristics of app bet365 download in traditional society and modern society。

In traditional society,People have relatively weak autonomy when evaluating the government’s trustworthiness,Under the threat of government power, we are in an untrustworthy situation。And in modern society,With the continuous improvement of political democratization,The public’s evaluation of the government’s trustworthiness is increasingly based on the degree to which the government realizes its interest expectations,And then make a more independent evaluation of the government’s trustworthiness on an independent basis。

  Who to trust: the object of app bet365 download

app bet365 download is a judgment and assessment of the trustworthiness of the government by the people,The government is the object of app bet365 download。As an object of app bet365 download, the government has a significant advantage due to its control of huge bureaucratic machinery and public resources,Play a leading role in building app bet365 download,Political power can be used to influence the process of shaping public app bet365 download。

In political theory,Government can be divided into broad and narrow senses。Government in a narrow sense only refers to the administrative agencies that are the main body of exercising national administrative power;Government in the broad sense includes not only the government as the subject of administrative power,Also includes legislative bodies that exercise legislative power and judicial organs that exercise judicial power。app bet365 download has certain goal orientation,Object refers to legislation、General government including administrative and judicial agencies。At the same time,Because there are different levels of government within a country,Therefore, the level of app bet365 download among the people of a country may be uneven among different levels of government。

In addition,Although the government occupies a dominant position in the political power relationship with the people,But the app bet365 download of the people is a very important political capital for the government。Sufficient app bet365 download can not only greatly reduce the cost of implementing public policies,It can also provide greater freedom for government governance,Therefore,Governments in different periods have always tried their best to win the app bet365 download of the people。

In traditional society,The government often resorts to violence and intimidation、Used on a large scale to gain a deterrent type of app bet365 download。This type of deterrent app bet365 download is premised on excluding the public from asserting and participating in their interests,The people are actually in a completely passive position,The app bet365 download shaped by this is a passive app bet365 download that is superficial and unstable。

In modern society,The relationship between the government and the people tends to be more equal,The formation of app bet365 download is predicated on the people's free expression and advocacy of their interests to a greater extent,The people have gained strong independence in the process of generating app bet365 download,The evaluation of app bet365 download is based on the degree to which the government actually meets the expectations of the people's interests。

  Sources of cognition: mediators of app bet365 download

app bet365 download is a psychological evaluation of the government by the people,This evaluation is based on a certain degree of understanding of the government。The formation process of people’s political cognition is the process of app bet365 download subjects obtaining information about app bet365 download objects。The source of people’s political cognition consists of direct political experience and indirect political experience。The former is the people’s understanding of the composition and operation of the government formed through their own political participation;The latter comes from other people’s views and opinions about the government formed during their interactions with the government。

In traditional society,Recipient’s sense of political efficacy、Political responsibility and other subjective factors and political mechanisms、Constraints from objective conditions such as social opportunities,People’s political participation level is low。Even in modern society where the subjective and objective conditions for political participation have been greatly improved,Politics is still only peripheral to most people’s lives,The political participation of ordinary people is still only an extremely small part of the entire social life。Therefore,The political information the public obtains through direct political participation is extremely limited。The mediator of app bet365 download refers to the media or channels through which people obtain government information,The political information that people obtain through mass media is the main basis for forming their app bet365 download and cognition。

The authenticity of the political information provided by the media and the initiative of political information supply have a great impact on the generation of public app bet365 download。The formation of rational political cognition needs to be based on real political information,Political information that lowers the government’s image will certainly affect people’s evaluation of the government’s trust,But one-sided、Excessive beautification of political information can also bring about illusory understanding,Making app bet365 download unstable due to the lack of actual support from the government’s ability to pursue public interests and sense of responsibility。

In terms of the supply method of political information,The government’s proactive information supply can effectively satisfy the people’s right to know,Establish the image of a transparent government and a responsible government among the people;Opposite,Forced passive supply will affect people’s evaluation of the government’s sense of responsibility for pursuing public interests。In realpolitik,The media can become an independent party,Influence the construction of reality。Therefore,In the process of generating app bet365 download,The mass media should play its role as a bridge of communication between the people and the government。

  Environment of app bet365 download

Pointed out by Sally Beebe and Jeremy Kerdy,Trust is not a certain thing,It changes with changes in the environment。Similarly,Any political interaction between the people and the government takes place under specific circumstances,Therefore,When measuring the trustworthiness of government,The impact of specific circumstances on trust outcomes must be considered。The environment of app bet365 download constitutes the situation in which app bet365 download subjects evaluate app bet365 download objects,In terms of scope, it includes domestic environment and international environment,The international environment affects the domestic environment;Domestic environment in terms of distribution areas,Including economy、Politics、Culture、Society and other fields。

The environment of app bet365 download is macroscopic in nature、Three characteristics of dynamics and indirectness。

Macroscopic refers to the generation of app bet365 download,The subject of app bet365 download in a country、Both the object and the mediator can be significantly improved in a short period of time through human efforts。Macro social environmental factors that generate app bet365 download,The environment of app bet365 download represents the macro trend of the country’s economic and social development in a specific period,This trend cannot be changed in the short term in the process of building app bet365 download,And it can only be used as an object of adaptation。

Dynamicity means that the social environment faced by a country’s people in the generation of app bet365 download shows the characteristics of the times,People at different historical stages face different social environments。Changes in the app bet365 download environment will bring about changes in the dominant model of app bet365 download,The construction of app bet365 download in each era must adapt to this change。

Indirectness means that the impact of changes in the app bet365 download environment on changes in the level of app bet365 download among the people in a country is not direct,Rather, it affects the interests and expectations of app bet365 download subjects、The "reference objects" for trustworthiness evaluation are used。The psychological system of app bet365 download evaluation subjects contains multiple possibilities for object evaluation,The app bet365 download environment makes one of many possibilities become a reality。

  (This article is a phased result of the Ministry of Education’s Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project “Institutional app bet365 download: Research on the Shift and Construction Mechanism of my country’s Dominant app bet365 download Model during the Transition Period” (17YJC810016)

(Author’s unit: School of Management, Guangdong Technical Normal University)

Editor: Zhang Yueying
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