Emphasized research and specification research is obviously，All empirical research must make a description of the specific space -time conditions (A PARTICular Time and Place，Study research without this constraint。Comparative political science is the scope of empirical research，Therefore, you need to pay special attention to the effects of time and space factors。Since the book "Politics in Time", since the introduction of the Politics in Time，The importance of scholars in the importance of time factor in politics is increasingly consensus。Pilson revealed how time elements affect the three major mechanisms of politics (path dependence、Timing and timing、Long -range process)，However, this is as far as the field of political science。Specific to compare the field of political science，Discussion on time element has not received the attention you deserve，Only French political scientist Matthew Du Gan has a little related discussion in the book "Sociology"。Based on this，This article combines related cases to illustrate the application of time comparative strategies in comparative political science。

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Whether the occurrence of political events has time synchronization，Can be divided into common comparison with different time of time。

Commonness of Lyragia: The so -called synchronous Bet365 app download comparison，Compares to different countries in the same period of time。During the common period，Some of these countries often occur in some of the same or similar political events，Therefore, compare these countries to find some common rules of commonality，and observing individual cases may not find these rules。In academic history，The most classic systolic comparative research includes comparison of the Roman Empire and the Qin and Han Empire、Philosopher Yasberg's cultural breakthrough phenomenon comparison of different regions of the "Axis Age"。

Comparative co -term comparative studies can adopt "Finding the same method"，You can also adopt the "Seeking Method"。For example, compare the Roman Empire and the Qin and Han Empire，The problem that can be raised by the same method of seeking the same method is: "The Roman Empire and the Qin and Han Empire are separated from the ends of the East and West East of Asia and Europe，More than 10,000 miles apart，The two are different civilized systems，The two are composed of different races，Why did the vast empire formed in the roughly the same historical period? "The problem that can be raised by seeking differences is:" Two major empires with similar governance scale，Why has the Roman Empire unsuccessful after the collapse of the Roman Empire，and the unified political model after the Qin and Han Empire disintegrate can it be restored to rebuilding? "

A classic book with a comparison of commonality is Barlingon Moore's "The Origin of Democracy and Authoritarian Social Origin"。In this book，Moore Bet365 lotto review attributed the world's political roads to modernization in the first half of the 20th century as three: British、method、Free Democratic Road represented by Mei，Ende、Italia、Fascist road represented by the day，and socialist roads represented by Russia and China。To explain the origin of these three roads，Moore gathered on the body of the land noble and peasant class。Moore is keenly discovered，The transition from agricultural society to modern industrial society，The combination mode of different class relations determines the above three different historical evolution roads。

Different time comparison: The so -called heterogeneity comparison refers to comparing the political system or political events of different periods。In different periods，Different cases may have some similar features or trends，It may also have some different characteristics or trends，These may be the focus of attention to comparative research。Compared to symbiotic comparison，Different Timely Challenge is greater，Need a stronger academic imagination，But at the same time, it is more helpful to form a new insight。

Similarly，Different Timely Comparison can take "Finding the same method"，You can also adopt the "Seeking Method"。The representative work of seeking the same method is Schokhebo's "National and Social Revolution: France、Comparative Analysis of Russia and China "，The book will be from France from 1787 to the early 19th century、Russia from 1917 to the 1930s、China from 1911 to the 1960s as a research case。bet365 best casino games These three cases belong to different historical periods，But the three countries also broke out with social revolution，Stokocbo tries to find out the common root of the social revolution from it。The representative work of seeking differences is Xu Tianbo's "War and the country formed: Comparison of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period and early Europe"，The comparison of the book is China in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (656 BC 221 BC) and the early European Europe (1495-1815)。The common point of the two is that they also exist in multiple national systems，Specific similarities include: "The disintegration of the feudal level system、Frequent war、International Anarchi Status、Formation of the Lord country、The development of the central bureaucratic system "，The final result is very different，China has gone to unification after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，and Europe maintained a multinational system。Xu Tianbo tried to find the reasons for the above evolutionary differences。

　　Time comparison and instantaneous comparison

Whether the political phenomenon of the studies has time continuity，can be divided into duration comparison and instantaneous comparison。

Getting comparison: Details are more concerned about those political phenomena that have long -term and sustainable development and change。Many political phenomena may not be seen in the short term，Only long -term observation can you see a certain trend，Therefore, you need to analyze the long -term bet365 Play online games accumulated data。For example, the change of political concept、Political influence caused by the structure of the population，Usually you need to track decades or even hundreds of years，can you see obvious trends or correlations。

Stephen Pin Ke in "Good Angels in Humanity" uses long -term statistical data，convincingly demonstrates the trend of gradually declined in violence in human society。Pingcker compares the mortality of the national and non -national forms from a global perspective，and also compared the murder rate of 5 regions (1300-2000) in Western Europe from the perspective of the case，to demonstrate the trend of decline in violence。These studies are found to be achieved by comparing two or a few years of data，Due to the changes in the mortality and murder rate of the war, the volatility of the year。

Instant comparison: Instant comparative comparison of two or more time points (or time periods) for comparison analysis，instead of considering the intermediate development period。Use a metaphor of an image，Detailing comparison is equivalent to video recorders，Continuously record continuous development and change，and the instantaneous comparison is equivalent to the camera，Only grab a specific time point。For example, Dr. Hu Peng University's research on the two political transformation of the Chinese Kuomintang University，It belongs to the typical instantaneous comparison。Hu Peng’s question is，"Why did the Kuomintang adopt different political strategies when facing political challenges in different periods: in bet365 live casino games the 1940s, the negotiations with the Communist Party of China chose to resolve political differences through war; Political liberalization and democratic transformation。"In order to explain this problem，Hu Peng did not describe the Kuomintang's history of development in more than 40 years in the 1940s to 1980s，Instead of selecting two important time periods 1940、1980，Analyze how the basic ability differences between the Kuomintang's basic ability in these two specific periods affect the different endings of political transformation。

Apart from comparison in the case，Detailed comparison and instantaneous comparison can also be applied to comparison of cross -case cases。Charles Kurzman discovery，Many countries that spans different cultural units and geographical areas，The democratic revolution broke out in the early 20th century，such as Russia (1905)、Iran (1905)、Ottoman Empire (1908)、China (1911), etc.。At the same time at the same time，The Democratic Revolution can explode at the same time in these ancient empires with a long history，May not be a coincidence，but the results of the global crisis and national consciousness awakening at the time。Kuzman keenly realized this，The perspective of the fate of intellectuals and democracy was cut into and conducted in -depth analysis，Discovering a refreshing discovery。

(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Central South University for Nationalities)