Under the unreasonable change in the world in the world，Territory、Border、Geopolitics and other issues seem to be traditional，The actual is still out of date。Since the sovereignty country is a spatial political unit，All must occupy a certain geographical scope of the territory，So an important path for the establishment of political community consciousness since modern times is the visual land、Boundary and Map，They can be clearly clear、A sense of intuitive image shaping the sense of belonging and national identity。，Perhaps it is deeply affected by the cultural anthropology paradigm of Anderson and others，The academic community at home and abroad focuses more on concepts when discussing the formation of modern countries、"Nationality"，and material、Space、Territorial "Territoriality" is not paid enough。After the Revolution of Modern Geography，From the survey boundary、zone、Land Governance，To the survey、Measurement、Statistics and map drawing，Atlas in historical compilation and travel writing、Illustration、Album, etc.，The geographical space of a country and their graphics reality actually constitute an important dimension for the creation of national and community consciousness。Video -oriented territorial outline can not only represent the country，Used for political propaganda and public education，and integrate into the trend of nationalism and patriotism，Become part of the collective memory。Therefore，Observe、Analysis of the construction of the political community，Have important academic value。

　　bet365 Play online games

As a basic constituent element as a sovereign country，The concept of "territory" in the historical context is not only independent of "national" and "nationalism"，and formed a unique theory、Practice and development path。Expressions in the geographical sense as power，Territory is the product of people organizing space for specific goals，It not only provides a physical foundation and support for the construction of the political body，and through the boundary、Toning card、Planning and Bet365 lotto review rectification and other technical devices to influence and control crowd flow and social relations。History context，A key step for the formation of the country is from a concept、Power of humanism in rights、Entry of the entity。In this process，Political spatialization and sovereignty's territorialization is synchronized，It presented as exclusive boundary and space monopoly on the outside，Internal is committed to the national construction and local aggregation of the national construction under the unified layout framework。

After the Thirty Years of War，The formation of Western European countries and the international system is in the case of church and the decline of the empire，Political body with a certain geographical range to maintain peace has obtained an independent position in sovereignty，The space for their monopoly and governance has gradually been gradually from the traditional fortress、Fortunes and cities expand to larger territorial kingdoms。Labnitz pointed out in 1677，"The decisive standard of sovereignty state is whether it can exclude external interference，Monopoly to realize the geographical space of a minimum size "。

Therefore，In Max Weber、Anthony Gadenus and others in the definition of the country，"Legal monopoly within a certain geographical space" is the focus of discussion，It gives the foundation for sovereignty，and make it permanently survive。In fact，From "territory" to "territory"、From "Border" to "Border"，Modern national power has always been based on material space as the object and object，Construction around its territorial construction is not only reflected in top -down laws、Concept or institutional system，And more dependent on the bottom -up utensils、Technology、Media and daily practice，Based on this, form a physical、entity、Basic National Ability。From the perspective of scholar Sterest Roban，This is also the first stage of the formation of modern countries，That is, when the border is determined to integrate with the territory，Establish a spatial administrative governance system。

Luokan thinks，The second stage of the state formed by the state is based on territorial identity construction and political socialization。Especially in the age of nationalism，Geographical space provides a framework for the shape of national consciousness Bet365 app download and the formation of community imagination。So，In 1882, Ernest Lenan pointed out in his famous speech "What is the Nation"，In the process of shaping the sacred thing of the nation，The land provides the lower matrix (substratum) -the field of struggle and labor，and people constitute the soul。From this perspective，Geographical space is not just survey、Division and governance object，It can also be used as the main body，Carrying a certain ideological and political discourse。Therefore，The nationalist movement after the 19th century is always associated with a certain land，and integrate the concept and practice of territorial rights，Construction through the cultural construction around space，People excavate their hometown、The material resources and emotional power behind the homeland and the motherland。From this，The relationship between people and space is sacred on the one hand，"Nationality" hair in "Territory"，is a combination of cultural identity and geographical expression; on the other hand，The primary question built by the community is where the space is ended，Where is the border，What standards should be determined。Cultural nationalism believes，The motherland is the geographical extension of the people，is traditional、Natural products of memory and emotions; political nationalism also respect Rousseau，It is believed that the common political will define the legal boundary of the nation。

　The production and dissemination of the territory contour, the image image

Since the establishment of sovereignty is the standard and scale based on the legal occupation of land space as the standard and scale，The national identity and community consciousness shaped on this basis are usually limited by specific geographical landscapes、Layout outline and painting、Image、Maps and other cultural appearances、symbols and medium。Therefore，Material territorial construction is just the first step formed by modern countries，Another important step is the production of territory in the spiritual field、Layout contour reproduction and daily national image shaping and dissemination。

Where，Maps as a visual cultural product，Because of the function of reproducing geographical space, it becomes the most commonly used and most intuitive communication medium in the image image。On the Bet365 lotto review one hand, it carries information data of land space，reproduced the landscape of nature and humanities; on the other hand，The map depicts not only politics、The objective space range of social and crowd activities，It also sets the concept of cognitive level、Consciousness and imagination range and its boundary。Map history studies in the late 20th century believe，Map as the "totem" of modern nationalism and national symbol，It is both a file basis for tracing territorial and sovereignty，It is a aggregate compatriots again、Cultural symbols to invade the enemy。Drawing is not simply re -engraving reality，but consciousness、There is a choice to construct the outline and territory image of the territory，Shape and guide people’s ideas and actions。Even in the current daily life，Traveling in the country、Exotic travel、Time of long journey，Maps except to provide geographical information and road points，Also strengthening a kind of person and land、Organic connection and empathy experience between individuals and countries -about the "vivid eyes" of the homeland and the "day and night miss" of the motherland，Emotional bondage and memory inheritance based on material space。At the end of the 1980s，Scholar guessed with the help of historical materials such as maps to trace the "borders" Siam and ethnic national construction，Provides Anderson's explanation to provide a spatial narrative research supplement (Thongchai Winichakul, Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation, 1988），The latter pointed out when revising the book "The Community of Imagination" in 1991，The previous investigation of nationalism relied on analyzing the "change of time (historical)" and lacking necessary for -peer argument，that is, "Change the understanding of space (geography)"。

Because images are popular geographical knowledge、Create space perception、It has a unique advantage in spreading the image of the country，Production on Map Maps、Published、During the reading and use process，The image of "Motherland" gradually penetrates people's hearts，Facing the homeland、Local、The geopolital collective consciousness of the hometown is also established。Whether it is the monarch of the old system、Noble，Volkswagen in the era of civilianism，People will inevitably Bet365 app download produce some about the territory in the process of watching and interpreting the map、Cognition of Land and Layout。That is to say，Before the rise of nationalism in modern times，Unification of territory、The words of sacred and worship have appeared，And these primitive and simple emotions and memories that are rooted in land，It just constitutes the material foundation and ideological resources built by the "nationality" later。

For the people after the 19th century，The country is a unified and bounded space，is the organic combination of birthplace and the motherland，Patriotism is the individual's emotional dependence and ultimate political loyalty for the territory。In the internal affairs、Diplomacy、Public opinion and national education and other fields，Video -oriented landscape outline can not only represent the country，Used for political propaganda and public education，and integrate into the national consciousness，Become a symbol symbol of different civilizations and discourse systems。Such as French "hexagonal"、"male lion" in the Netherlands、"Boot" in Italy，They will be vivid in abstract countries、A intuitive form is presented，And as a visual picture of modern patriotism deeply engraved into people's collective memory。

　Visual perception and imagery of modern countries

Although the meaning of geographical space cannot be overly estimated to be plasticized for plastic political identity，But it is undeniable，People are about the territory、The initial impression of the territory and the motherland usually directly comes from the visual layout outline。Especially in modern society with low literacy rate，Those images intuitive、It is easy to understand、The exquisite map of printing，often play a more effective political and social role than text，Its function is not just the knowledge enlightenment in geography，It also carries ideology and political discourse，The concepts of "nation", "country", and "community" have been promoted from abstraction to specific、From the elite to the public。

Teneis thinks，The community of modern times has two different original paths: First, the blood community，Corresponding to "intimacy"; the second is the geopolitical community，Corresponding to "closeness"。The spiritual community is a high -level development above these two。In the 20th century popular anthropology research，"The Community of Imagination" is essentially a "simulated bet365 best casino games blood relative"，Two concepts、Cultural identity and ethnic memory shaped "nationality"。，The community is both an simulated "compatriot"，It is also a kind of imagination "common living"，This means beyond "nationality"，"Territory" based on geographical space is also the source of ideas of identity consciousness and identity。Therefore，In the process formed by modern countries，Territory identity is a collective consciousness that is equally important as nationalism but has different development paths，It mainly points to the geographical dimension，and more relied on perception、Image -type medium and carrier。

The sense of perception of territorial geography and layout image is mainly through the eyes，This also means a graphic thinking that is different from text logic。can be imagined，When the term "country" enters the mind for the first time，It is not an abstract concept that gives people imagination，Not vague、Variable sentence rhetoric，but those lines、Graphics、The picture created by the symbol，They are like a dense network，imagine the reader's space to solidify into the outline of the nation and the country。In real life，These pictures exist in a series of daily and micro -level images and cultural products -maps are the most important of them、The most intuitive one。During the process of continuously popularizing the knowledge of the land for readers，The production and dissemination of maps in history also shaped a political narrative of space and geographical dimension，is watching、During the process of reading and understanding，People also put the "motherland" in their hearts。From this perspective，Visual reproduction based on geographical space and image construction actually reflects the abstract "national" concept of how to generate the "Statehood" process。

"National sense" is different from the concept of traditional writing and language media、Consciousness and discourse，but a comprehensive visual、"Common Feels" of Psychological and Species，The difference between the two is like the DOS system and the Windows system of the DOS system and the graphic interface。Visual layout image presented and cultivated "national sense"，It not only leads traditional political loyalty to national identity based on territorial space，Production of image Bet365 app download medium、Reading and dissemination formed an overall imagery on the political community。This is a more basic、spontaneous、"Feel" at the subconscious level。From the perspective of social psychology，"National sense" is the "concrete thinking" formed by the national and collective cognitive level，It is given by geographical space and the image image based on this。Compared to abstract political concepts，This style of thinking is more instinct、Intuitive、The deep level of the political enlightenment of the nation and the country。

Just as the window operation completely changed the life form of the digital age，Visual graph reconstructs people's imagination of the country，It not only changed the form of information input and concept output，and the innovation of psychological experience and thinking inertia。So，In the age of the popularity of maps，Even if it is a blurred sketch、Entertainment puzzle or simplified terrain contour，All can instantly evoke a image perception about the country at the conscious level。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the School of Government Management of Nanjing University)