Research on Marxist philosophy in China in the late 1990s,In addition to continuing discussions about issues in the past few years,Discussion points、Theoretical promotion has made new breakthroughs,This shows some possibility of Chinese Marxist philosophy seeking new development in the new century。

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1998,It is the 20th anniversary of "practice is the only standard for testing truth"。To commemorate this most important ideological liberation movement since the founding of the People's Republic of China,From the central to the local area, a variety of theoretical discussions of different scale have been held、Academic Symposium。At the Editorial Department of "Philosophy Research" on April 20, 1998,,Comrades participating comrades generally think,The height of uniformity from the concept of truth and values,Grasp the problem of truth standards from the height of the historical concept; the discussion on the problem of truth standards 20 years ago itself has been indicated,Around this question,Not only the contest of different views of truth,It is the confrontation of different values,But at that time, people did not fully realize this。The point of "two ordinary" is exactly connected with unreasonable or even unreasonable values,and only science、The values ​​starting from the fundamental interests of the people can adhere to the only standard for testing the truth。Therefore,The ideological route is not just a question of ideological understanding,It is also a question of values,Only the true unity of values ​​and truth,can we fully adhere to emancipating the mind、The ideological route of seeking truth from facts。Clear of the error route,It is not enough to summarize it alone,It is also necessary to carefully discuss from the values。This is a very important ideological harvest,The significance is not only deepening the research on the standard of truth,And the study of the Marxist philosophy of the century will also have a significant impact。

Everyone feels,The big discussion of truth standards nationwide in 1978,Its historical significance is to remove the thoughts and political obstacles on the symbol of socialist modernization through ideological liberation,In this sense,Discussion is mainly solved by political issues; analysis from academic theory,It is this discussion that people may treat Marxism as guiding ideology and treat it as the object of scientific research,Then people recognize: Not only the individual discussion of classic writers,is the basic principle of Marxism,It is also necessary to continue to develop with the development of practice。But at the time,Restrictions on the perspective of research and understanding,The philosophical world basically understands the problem of truth standards as the problem of epistemology,From the value of the values ​​from the historical perspective research, the standard problem has not been launched,Although essentially,During the discussion process at the time,Value differences on the issue of truth standards are not only existing,and it is still quite sharp。

Some scholars point out,Truth concept and values ​​should be unified,But in actual life, the two often cannot be unified。People’s practice requires Bet365 lotto review truthful understanding,Make your own subjective and objective consistent (seeking truth from facts)。But people’s actions are first for their own interests。Interests and needs to determine people’s value orientation,so that people may see the truth in a certain occasion,Disposure of the view of truth and values。Today in 20 years,Researching the problem of truth standards, you should see that it is not easy to see the only criterion that really adheres to practice is the only criterion for testing the truth,One of these important experiences is that they must adhere to the internal consistency of starting from practice and the fundamental interests of the people,Combining the pursuit of truth and the pursuit of value,Adhere to the high degree of unity of the concept of truth and values ​​on the basis of materialist history。

Other scholars analyzed the significance of the unity of adhering to the concept of truth and values ​​to realist socialist construction in combination with the development history of the socialist movement.。The significant major feature of Deng Xiaoping theory is that through summing up historical experience,restored and deepened the original meaning of scientific socialism on a series of major theories and practical issues。Deng Xiaoping theory firmly grasped the two objective necessity foundations of socialism -one is the fundamental role and trend of productivity development,One is the fundamental interests and value selection of the people,Therefore, the unity of truth and value is pushed to a new historical height on the basis of dynamic practice。

Since practice is the only criterion for testing truth,So what kind of understanding it should be done in order to truly achieve the deserved comprehensiveness、Scientific and profound? Some scholars think,From the perspective of Marxist practice and old materialist understanding、The difference between idealist epistemology is concerned,Marx's practical concept is not generally referring to the general emotional activity at the experience level,Instead, it refers to the "socialized human beings",The historical activity of spoke with people's freedom and comprehensive development。In this sense,The issue of epistemology has been placed below the historical perspective,and closely connect with values。From this positioning of practice,Some scholars have discussed the main and object relationship in practice,I believe that old materialist understanding theory,The reason why the subject's body is mobility is ignored,The reason lies in leaving social practice,Understand the object of recognition as pure、Of course comfortable,Makes the truth of knowing only through restore as intuitive experience,to find similarity between the main objects,Therefore, in the end, the predicament of the narrow empirical in theory。The possible way to get out of this dilemma is to start from the confirmation of the relationship between the master and guest,The object that enters the field of practice as an objective given,It is a subjective setting。

　　2. Personalized attempts of Marxist Philosophy Research

in 1998、In various philosophical works published in 1999,In terms of the study of the basic theory of Marxist philosophy,Three books from the academic monographs of the younger generation of Marxist philosophers in China have been attracted to the attention,This is Sun Zhengzheng's "Theory of Philosophy" (1998 edition bet365 best casino games of Liaoning People's Publishing House)、Ouyang Kang's "Philosophy Research Method Theory" (Wuhan University Press 1998 edition) and Zhang Yibing's "Back to Marx" (Jiangsu People's Publishing House 1999 edition)。The common feature of the first two works is that the traditional Marxist philosophy textbook system is just a dragonfly in the "introduction" or "introduction" in the "Yuan philosophy" or "philosophical science" in the "introduction" or "introduction". Listed out for a special inspection,Based on summing up the thinking results of all philosophy history on this area,The author's unique understanding of the philosophy of philosophy in Marxist philosophy is proposed。and the latter book loudly proposed the slogan "Back to Marx",Emphasizing the importance of historical test interpretation of Marx's original text,Especially the philosophical discourse in Marx's economic context of the economic language of Marx。Because these three works have made a banner of personalized research,to a certain extent constitutes a subversive challenge of the traditional philosophical textbook system, especially the passion of Marxist philosophy,,Therefore,These three books were "out of the cage" in the Chinese philosophy world at the end of the century,It should be regarded as a "event"。

"Theory of Philosophy" is the State Education Commission (now the Ministry of Education) "Facing the 21st Century Curriculum Textbook",But obviously there is a big difference between the content and the style of the text compared with the general philosophical textbook,And the first systematic discussion of "philosophy" "common academic monographs of" philosophy itself "after the founding of New China。The book is based on the history of philosophy (mainly the history of Western philosophy) and contemporary philosophy as a grand background,"Stimulate theoretical interests,Broaden theoretical vision,impact theoretical thinking and enhance theoretical realm "is the starting point,The main line is "What is philosophy",Creatively proposed and discussed the self -understanding of philosophy,The basis of life of philosophy,The basis of life of philosophy,The main problem of philosophy,Philosophy conflict,The historical evolution of philosophy and the cultivation and creation of philosophy。The most unique content of the book is to put forward "the self -understanding of philosophy" and make a systematic and in -depth explanation。"Philosophy is a prerequisite for theoretical thinking",This is the leading idea of ​​the whole book,Around this idea,The author has elaborated from many aspects: (1) Philosophy is the long -lasting and enthusiastic pursuit of wisdom itself。Philosophy wisdom is the wisdom of reflection,Critical Wisdom,Wisdom of change。(2) Philosophy pays attention to the relationship between people and the world in its unique way,Basic way to grasp the world as humans,It and common sense、Science and other humans to grasp other methods in the world have essential differences。(3) In terms of thinking,,The primary feature of philosophical thinking is that it is a "reflection",Philosophy reflection,It means thinking about "the relationship between thinking and existence" as a "problem" to think。Based on this,The author criticizes the simplification of traditional philosophical textbooks on "basic philosophy"、One -sided understanding。(4) Philosophy reflection bet365 best casino games is essentially critical。The object of critical reflection of philosophy is not just the idea of ​​ideological content,also includes the basis and principles that constitute thoughts,The latter is the prerequisite for the formation and development of thought,Is a real object of philosophical reflection,Therefore, philosophy reflection has "the nature of the prerequisite"。Through the above analysis,The author obviously expresses such a belief: real philosophy is not deadly dogma,but the sharp weapon of ideological liberation。This book is unique in philosophical works in the late 1990s with its strong speculative colors and distinctive personalized expression.,and won the National Book Award Nomination Award。

"Philosophy Research Method Theory" starts with the discussion of the "meta -philosophical problem",Systems of the way back to philosophical thinking occurred,Reflecting the contemporary development of Marxist philosophy from methodology,Analysis of the basic thinking of deepening the philosophical research of branches,Proposal and explore personalized philosophical research roads。The so -called "Yuan Philosophy Question",The understanding of the "Theory of Philosophy" is basically the same,That is the question of "What is philosophy",Its content is roughly included: the nature of philosophy、Features、Function and other types。Different from "Theory of Philosophy",The author of this book proposes the idea and method of building "philosophical morphology",Emphasize the importance of exploration and construction of philosophical research methods,and more clearly fell in love with "Personalized Philosophy Research Road"。The so -called philosophical morphology,In the author's opinion,The philosophical doctrine of philosophical morphology,It takes the philosophical form as the object,System that explores philosophical forms occurs、Internal composition、Internal composition、External conditions、Modern features, etc.,Simply put, it is philosophical reflection in the internal occurrence of the internal occurrence of its own form、external conditions、Theory of historical development and real structure。Philosophy has appeared different philosophical forms at different historical development stages,If this body theory form,Active theory,Dorge Theory,Practical theory form,Human Turbal Theory, etc.,Starting from Marxist philosophy,Systemic、Dialectic、Development、Public angle Research on the occurrence of philosophical forms、Development process,Help reveals the laws of development of philosophy,Exploring the development of philosophy in the 21st century。

If the author of the author of "Philosophy" lies in the study of dialectics,The "strength" of the author of "Philosophy Research Method Theory" lies in the study of epistemology, especially social epistemology,So,The publishing of these two monographs undoubtedly shows that the two authors have new thinking and breakthroughs under the premise of maintaining its original theoretical research.,But almost both of these books are ominous on the issue of history,This cannot help people feel a great "regret",Perhaps,The problem of historical concept has not entered the thinking field of the two authors,Perhaps,Although I have entered the thinking context, I feel difficult to say "new words"?

"Back to Marx" Compared with the first two works,Although the content involves the theme of the history bet365 Play online games of traditional Marxist philosophy, "How is the philosophical change of Marx? What is its revolutionary significance?" But because it clearly shouts the slogan of "back to Marx",And its subtitle "philosophical discourse in the context of economics" has shown some kind of interest that is different from traditional Marxist philosophy textbooks and philosophical history works。In the traditional philosophical textbook interpretation mode,The source of Marxist philosophy is considered to be mainly two: Ferbaha's materialism (so -called "basic kernel") and Higgel's dialectics (so -called "reasonable kernel"),The author believes that this way to understand that Marx's philosophical change is simple and one -sided,Objectively, it has also caused Marxist philosophy research for a long time in the dilemma of low -level duplication。This book is the first time in China based on the latest edition of the historical research of "Marx and Engels" historical research (MEGA2).,For the first time in the field of philosophical research, starting from the complete internal historical context of Marx Economic Research,Truely presents the original statue of the deeply dynamic history of Marx's philosophy。The academic innovation of the author lies in,For the first time, a new interpretation method is used to confirm the social phenomenon of young Marx people.,and a broad historical materialist scientific vision based on discarding classical economics and social materialism,In particular, the first time that Marx was founded in the final economic scientific exploration of historic phenomenology, philosophical critical words。In the author's opinion,Leaving Marx's critical interpretation of classical economics,Can't deeply grasp Marx's economic reality of the present -critical study of capitalist socio -economic life,It is impossible to truly understand the premise that Marx's philosophical change depends on、Process and meaning。In fact,The premise or source of historical materialism that constitutes Marx's historical materialism is not the natural materialism represented by Ferbaha and others。and classical economists, although the view of the philosophical world is quite complicated,But the scientific nature of political economy and the respect of the research object -the respect of socio -economic life makes them bring more materialism in social life problems。This kind of materialism is different from Falbaha -style natural materialism,The author crown the name of "social materialism",This "social materialism" constitutes an important theoretical source of historical materialism,While criticizing classical economics at the same time,Critical research on the historical research of the dynamics of capitalist economic life,is the further deepening of historical materialism、The fundamental premise of rich and development。

As early as the early 1990s,Some people in the academia borrow the term of the new Confucian,Proposal "Back to the New" problem of Marxist philosophy,and "Back to Marx" published in the late 1990s,It undoubtedly provides a model that is not necessarily approved but enlightened for the "return" of Marxist philosophy。

　　Three, the contemporary meaning of Marxist philosophy

Marxist philosophy was born in the middle of the 19th century,Modern modern,But due to the continuous openness of Marxist philosophy,Especially the practical characteristics of Marxist philosophy,This makes it different Bet365 lotto review from those college -style closed systemic philosophy。Even in humans farewell to the 20th century,Towel to the 21st century,Marxist philosophy is still the most vibrant thought or theory,The question lies in,How to view Marxist philosophy and modern Western philosophy、The relationship between modern Western philosophy,What is the contemporary meaning of Marxist philosophy?

Liu Fangtong thinks,One and a half century after the birth of Marxist philosophy shows,Along with the new development of Marxist philosophy in theory,Misunderstanding or interpretation of Marxist philosophy never stops。Most common、The most noteworthy thing is that some people often understand Marxist philosophy in accordance with modern philosophy,This is inevitable with a certain naturalism、Pure rationalism and non -human color,These are the tendencies in the modern philosophy of modern philosophy that Marx tried to criticize and surpass.。Marxist philosophy although it was produced in modern times,But due to its revolutionary change, it has surpassed it in modern Western philosophy,and have contemporary meaning。He thinks,From criticism and transcendence of binary opposition、Basicism、Essentialism, etc.,Modern philosophical thinking ways that have been trapped in difficulties; from the establishment of a feature that emphasizes the real life and practice that emphasizes people and the initiative and creativity of people,The new philosophical thinking way to adapt to the spiritual requirements of the era of modern society,There are important similarities between modern Western philosophy and Marxist philosophy,Similarly with a certain degree of homogeneity。Of course,The two have important differences in social class attributes and theoretical forms,They will encounter various problems and challenges in development,All need to make new changes。But the problems and challenges of the two are different,The form and content of changes are also different。

Yu Wujin emphasizes the necessity of reflection on the relationship between Marx philosophy and Western philosophy,I believe that due to the influence of traditional insights,The theoretical world has serious misunderstandings and misunderstandings about the relationship between Marxist philosophy and Western philosophy,The main manifestations are: one -sided emphasis on the scientific and logical of Marx's philosophy,Therefore, the relationship between Marx philosophy and western humanism traditions to a certain extent; one -sided emphasis on the inheritance of Marx philosophy as the inheritance of German philosophy,and ignored the inheritance relationship of Marx philosophy for non -German philosophy, because of emphasis on the originality and greatness of Marx philosophy,so that it is simply opposed to the entire Western philosophy。He thinks,One of the important reasons for the above misunderstanding is that the lack of dialectical thinking。Marx philosophy inherits the legacy of the entire Western philosophy,also surpassed Western centralism,Especially European centralism。As far as its essence is concerned,Marx philosophy is a contemporary Western philosophy tradition,But also absorbed many reasonable factors in modern Western philosophy,Marx philosophy has the foundation of deep humanism,also reflects the scientific nature of respecting objective laws。

Wu Xiaoming thinks,When bet365 best casino games the theorists of the Second International, and even Plekhanov spared no effort to promote the "empirical" process of Marx's philosophy,When Marx's philosophy is positioned as "Intellectual Science" and "Empirical Science" ("Economic Decision Theory" is its bright slogan),The contemporary significance of Marx philosophy is covered; when Russell and others interpret communism as "religious factors",The contemporary meaning of Marx philosophy is also covered in a similar way。This means,In the history of thought,An interpretation framework that has a long -term residence dominance is to watch Marx's philosophy on the background of modern knowledge or intellectual science。The contemporary significance of Marx philosophy is precisely in the contemporary Western philosophy,With the full self -affirmation of the contemporary meaning of real life, it has obtained some kind of "re -discovery" valuation: Marx's criticism of all old philosophy can be attributed to criticism of Hegel philosophy,and because "Hegel's Philosophy" means not one of the metaphysics,but everything in metaphysics,Criticism of it,In essence, it is a criticism of rational metaphysics。Therefore,In the scope of philosophy,The discovery of the contemporary significance of Marx's philosophy will inevitably require it to form the most extensive and in -depth dialogue with contemporary philosophy; to understand the true meaning of Marx philosophy,Can't help but read contemporary philosophical works such as "Existence and Time",Just like I can't help but read "Spiritual Phenomenon"。

    (Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)