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The name of Angkor is derived from the Sanskrit "nagara"，means "sacred city"。"Angkor" is a modern concept，Special refers to commemorative architecture、A political influence composed of reservoirs and city walls spreads throughout the center of most parts of Southeast Asia。Due to the range of more than 200 square kilometers in the Angkor area，Switching to hundreds of Angkor dynasties built during the period of architectural relics，Therefore, these buildings are collectively called "Angkor Monument"。

Angkor Mixture is located in Siem Reap 240 kilometers northwest of Phnom Penh, Cambodia，South Kulen (PHONM KULEN) South、Tonle Sap (Tonle Sap) on the platform north of Tonle Sap，Here was the capital of the Angkor dynasty in the 9-15th century。Angkor architecture was built in the 9th century，Although the country has changed for hundreds of years later，But I have always been near today's Angkor area，Until 1431 Angkor City was occupied by the Thai army，The king then decided to abandon the Angkor Metropolitan Golden Border。Since then，Angkor building complex also gradually collapsed、barren，​​Disappearing in the tropical rain forest。

　　Origin: Save the International Action of Angkor Monument

Angkor monuments were discovered by Western colonists at the end of the 17th to 19th centuries，Research institutions represented by the French Far East College also followed the archeological excavation and restoration of Angkor monuments。

1992，Angkor monument was included in the "World Cultural Heritage List" in the form of endangered heritage by the World Heritage Committee。1993，UNESCO comes forward，Lead from France and Japan，Organize multiple countries and international organizations to launch the protection of Angkor，Established the International Coordination Committee of the Angkor Site，Therefore, the prelude to the largest international cultural heritage protection and cooperation operation in the history of the history of the history is revealed。

1993，At that time, Zhang Deloic, the director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, led a group to attend the "International Rescue Angkor Monument International Action" Tokyo meeting，The Chinese government has become one of the earliest sponsors and participants of Angkor's international operations。This is after the rescue of Nubian cultural relics caused by the construction of the Aston Reservoir in the 1960s，The largest -scale global cultural heritage transnational action。

1997，The State Cultural bet365 best casino games Relics Bureau selected Angkor Monumental Temple (Chau Say Tevoda) as a protective repair and research object，and entrusted the China Institute of Cultural Relics (predecessor of the Chinese Institute of Cultural Heritage) officially established the "Chinese government aid the Cambodian Angkor Sites Protection Team"，Starting to carry out the protection and restoration project of the Temple of Zhou Sa。officially launched in 1998 to implement the protection and restoration and archeological research of the Temple of Temple of Zhou Sa。This is the first cultural relic protection project implemented by the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute in Cambodia，It is also the beginning of the Chinese government aid Angkor's monument protection project。

　　Achievements: Form a comprehensive platform for "two places and five places"

The Temple of Zhou Sa is located outside the Shengli Gate of the King City of Angkong，Shengli Gate West distance is about 500 meters，Relatively。Temple fence covers an area of ​​about 1650 square meters，Sitting West to East，from East、West、South、North Four Tower Gate，Central Temple and South、Northern Two Tibetan Scripture Halls and other stone -quality monomer buildings。The building complex is based on the main tower of the Central Temple as a composition center，Symmetric distribution，Master and secondary。The walls and bases of each single building are covered with carvings。Its architectural style belongs to Angkor Temple style in Angkor art，The era of architecture is the first half of the 12th century。

According to the specific situation of the destruction of the Temple of Zhou Sa，The Chinese Working Team formulated a basic principle: "Rescue and reinforcement、Site protection、Key repair。"" Among them，"Rescue reinforcement、Site Protection "refers to the general protection project performed under the premise of basic maintenance，"Key Repair" is the most major engineering measure for the most intervention in the cultural relic protection project。

The working procedures of maintenance projects are divided into two stages: preliminary research and construction: 1998-1999 is the preliminary research stage，The main tasks are archeological surveys、Engineering geological exploration、Survey of building damage、Preparation for maintenance plans and construction。Starting construction restoration in April 2000，All the projects in June 2007 were completed。December 2008，Zhou Sa Temple Repair Project was completed。

2006，The State Administration of Cultural Relics and the Cambodian Angkor Monument Administration officially signed the "Chinese government aid Cambodian Angkor Monument Protection (Phase II) Tea Temple Protection Bet365 lotto review and Repair Project Cooperation Agreement"。In view of the smooth completion of the Temple of Zhou Sa，High evaluation of all parties obtained at home and abroad，Since 2007，The Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute participated in the selection of the Tea Temple (TA Keo) as the second phase of the Cambodian project。

November 2010，Tea Temple Protection and Repair Project is officially launched。At the same time，I carried out a more comprehensive preliminary research work on the building of Tea Plagiarism Temple，It mainly involves architecture、Archaeological、Structure Engineering、Geotechnical Project、Many disciplines such as protection science，Complete 17 items of various research reports，Getting important stage results。December 2018，The completion of the restoration project of the tea town。

Tea Temple is located at about 1 kilometer east of the Shenglin Men of the King City of Angkong，Sitting West to East，Is a temple mountain building，Design and build according to the image of Sumi Mountain，Plane layout Organize according to the combination of central symmetry and axis symmetry。Overall is a five -layer square Simi altar that is collected layer by layer，Five Tower Temples on the top of the altar are plum -like layout，There is a tower door in the intersection of the east and west and the north and south axes，Tibetan Scripture Pavilion and Long Hall buildings are distributed on both sides of the east -west axis，Surrounding the trenches of the group group，There is a long martyrdom on the east side，Always leading to the west bank of the east pond，Taking the dock platform as the end。Its architectural style belongs to the architectural style of the north -south warehouse in Angkor art，The construction of the building is the late 10th century and early 11th century。

In order to cooperate with the maintenance of the Temple and Tea Temple of Zhousa，The Chinese Working Team conducted archeological surveys on related sites、Exploration、Discovery and preliminary research，To understand the overall layout and cultural accumulation of the site，Four (Ministry) archeological briefing (report) and two engineering research reports were finally formed。

January 2018，Premier Li Keqiang made a formal visit to Cambodia，The governments of China and Cambodia issued a joint communique to point out，China will continue to fight against Angkor's monuments、Berweisha Temple、The protection and restoration of the royal palace site and other cultural heritage in Angkor City provides support。The Chinese Working Team from the original Temple of Zhou Sa、Tea Temple，To the Royal Palace site、Liemi Temple、Berweisha Temple，Gradually formed a comprehensive platform for Angkor Monument Foreign bet365 Play online games Site Foreign Site Foreign Site formed by the "two places and five places"。

　　Reflection: Increase the number of archeology and the degree of refinement

From the official launch of the Temple of the Temple of Zhou Sa in 1998 to the completion of the tea town restoration project in December 2018，The Chinese government has worked for 20 years in protecting and repairing Angkor's monuments。After 20 years of continuous work，The achievements you have obtained are obvious to all。At the same time，We also need to reflect on previous archeological work，To better guide the next step。

Due to the many types of monuments in Angkor，Damage is different，The concept of cultural relics protection experts in various countries is also different，But the concept and goal are consistent。

The original reconstruction method has been widely adopted by various countries，Stone building is the most basic condition for implementing the "Primary Reconstruction Law"，The stone component of the collapsed building must be stored in place，This is only possible to restore building。but，Strict loss of stone components in some architectural sites outside the core area of ​​Angkor，Do we still need to recover the building? In this situation，Maybe we conduct appropriate archeological excavations on such architectural sites，Master the overall scale of its building、layout and attribute，It is more meaningful than simply restoring the building，It can provide basic materials for the display and utilization of future architectural sites。

Archeology is a science based on the physical objects left by humans through various activities to study the ancient society of human society (see Xia Ji、Wang Zhongshu's "Chinese Encyclopedia · Archeology · Preface"，China Encyclopedia Publishing House 2002)。Archaeological Institute studies the materialization performance of history。Maybe someone will ask，Why do we study Angkor history? Because studying Chinese civilization，It is not enough to rely on our own materials，It also needs to be compared with other ancient civilizations。As Li Xueqin said，One of the important methods of the study of ancient civilization in China is comparative research，The purpose is to better understand the ancient Chinese civilization itself。He suggests，In addition to mastering the results of Chinese archeology，It is necessary to know foreign countries、Archeology of the World。

Chinese archeology moves to the world、Integrating into the world is the general trend，It is inevitable for the development of Chinese archeology。In the protection and comprehensive research of Angkor's historic sites，Archeological work is the basis，Only archeological bet365 Play online games excavation work for scientific sites，Clarify the scale of the site、Structure and attribute，Only in the future repair process can have a comprehensive grasp and understanding of the site。This can better restore the building itself，Reduction of history。Study on the architectural monuments of the Angkor area，Improve value cognition，Deepen the understanding of Angkor history。

When the expansion of the Siem Reap Airport，When archaeological excavations are carried out around the Prasat Trapeang Thlok and Tuol Ta Lo，Discovered the site and handicraft workshop site of the 10-11 century and the Daoda site。Foreign archaeologists use laser radar to cover regional imaging for Litchi Mountain jungle，I found an early city site in Angkor period。The city's site is about 350 years earlier than the history of the Angkor Temple site，It is the first city of the Angkor dynasty，Founded in 802。At the same time，They also launched an investigation on the surrounding of Angkor Temple and the early capital of the capital，Discover temples、There are a large number of streets around the city、Site、Temple、Remains such as ponds。

Another example，Kompong SVAY PREAH Khan, which is 90 kilometers east of Angkor City, is the largest closed site in the Angkor dynasty.，Occasionally 32 square kilometers，The site is built on the land that is not suitable for farming，Many scholars have speculated that the purpose of the site。Final，Organic excavation work through scientific archeology，Organic excavation work through scientific archeology。

From the current status of Angkor's historical research，To the existing capital、Temples and other buildings as the core of historical archeological research and interpretation of more than 1,300 inscriptions，Roughly outline the social appearance of the Angkor period。but，There is still a lot of room for improvement in the quantity and refinement of Angkor's historic sites (Xu Yan、Wang Yuanlin's "Review and Thinking of Angkor's Monument to Protection and Archaeological Research"，"Chinese Cultural Heritage" 2018, No. 2)。Although foreign archaeologists use laser radar to detect，There are a large number of river channels outside the main temple of the core area of ​​Angkor's monuments、Street、Site、Pond and other relics，There are a large number of river channels outside the main temple of the core area of ​​Angkor's monuments、Irrigation System、Site of the residential house、The road and the paddy field are surrounded by。but，Analysis from the perspective of archeology，Detecting through lidar can be concluded that this conclusion is inevitable and unhappy，Sites of such a scale need a large number of archaeological excavation work to refine the work，Staging and induction of the ruins，To identify bet365 live casino games the ruins of different periods，so that we can have a deeper understanding and insight in Angkor history。

　　Outlook: Enhance the right of international discourse of Chinese scholars

Since the 20th century，Western scholars, especially French scholars' archeological activities in Angkor, have not been interrupted，They have the right to speak and study the archeological excavation and research of Angkor's monuments，The mainstream theory and viewpoint of the archeological mainstream archeology of Angkor's monuments are also dominated by them。George Coedès、Henri Marchal、Henri Parmentier, including a group of Angkor research leaders。They study the inscription、Art、Architecture，Archaeological excavation of Angkor monuments at the same time、Protective repair, etc.，I did a lot of basic work in Angkor's historical research。

Although China has worked in the Angkor area for 20 years，But our archaeological work is just cooperating with the protection and repair of ancient sites，At the edge position。We have not formed our own theoretical system and perspective in the archeological research of Angkor's monuments，Especially the migration of crowd between South China and Southeast Asia、Culture、The field of economic exchanges，Archeological research serious lag。We have achieved some results in the archeological research of the Temple and Tea Temple of Zhou Sa and Tea Temple，But from Angkor's historic history、History of religion、Archeological work under the field of cultural history and the comprehensive research of Angkor civilization and the history of ancient Khmer History is still relatively lacking。

2013，General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the construction of the "Maritime Silk Road"，In 2016, it was also at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences to pay attention to strengthening the construction of the discourse system、Important instructions for enhancing the international influence of Chinese philosophy and social science research。For this，We want to strengthen the study of Angkor's archeology，Find related historical basis、Activate historical factor，Rich historical and cultural connotation of the Silk Road on the Haixi Road，With the construction of the "Maritime Silk Road"，We need to establish our own discourse system on Angkor's Archeology，To enhance Chinese scholars' right to speak in the research of Angkor's monuments。

China is part of the world，China has maintained close contact with Southeast Asia since ancient times。japonica rice in the lowlands of Southeast Asia originated in China，Planting of millet，Pig、The domestication of dogs and cattle is all spread from China。Another example，Bronze bet365 Play online games Metallurgical has a "Kim Tin Road" that spread from Central Plains to South China to Southeast Asia。During the development of Chinese history，interaction with the external world has always played a very important role。It can be said，Don’t understand foreign history and archeological materials，It is difficult to conduct in -depth research on the development of ancient Chinese history and culture。When we study the characteristics of Chinese civilization，Since I don't know other ancient civilizations，Since I don't know other ancient civilizations，I have encountered serious difficulties (Wang Wei's "Internationalization and Outlook of Internationalization of Chinese Archeology"，"Archeology" No. 9, 2017)。Therefore, from this perspective，Understanding Angkor's historic history is to understand the culture of contemporary Southeast Asia，Just understand more deeply in ancient Chinese civilization。

　　(Author Unit: Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute)