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　　The impact of the international financial crisis caused by the US subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 on the European political structure is extensive and profound，The population tendency of the left -wing party is in Italy、Sweden、Germany、Greece、France、Election breakthroughs in countries such as Austria and other countries is an important case，They not only cause structural changes in the pattern of political parties in many countries，It also challenges the free democracy system that is proud of the Western world to a certain extent。For a while，Southern European countries, left -wing population parties such as the Greek "Radible Left -Wing Alliance" and Spain's current political election achievements，It has aroused the general attention of the political earthquake and the EU。

　　Economic crisis fermentation induce changes in political pattern of political parties

January 2015，The "Aid Left -Wing Alliance" led by Ziplas won the Greek election with 36.7%of the votes，and Joint Group Pavilion with the Independent Greek Party (ANEL)，Become the one of the few radical left -wing parties that have entered the government's governance。The European election in 2014，Syriza gets 26.5%votes，More than the new Democratic Party jumped into the largest party。"Audit Left -Wing Alliance" party's populist discourse propaganda encouragement，It is an important factor that it has moved from marginal parties to mainstream parties and even jumped into the ruling party。The "Radical Left -Wing Alliance" party that comes to power with a rejuvenation policy，The main ruling challenge facing is，How to negotiate with international creditors on the issue of sovereign debt issues and assistance cooperation and reach an agreement。But the Giblas government failed to successfully fulfill the promise before the election，July 2015 Greek Parliament and international creditors reached the third round of rescue agreement。Although many bet365 Play online games demonstrations against government tightening policies and new rescue programs have erupted in Greece，But the "Audit Left -Wing Alliance" party in the September 2015 election is still elected and governed again，The election strategy adopted by the party again this time has caused a lot of thinking and attention from the outside world。

At the same time，There is also a similar political change in Greece in Spain。The Spanish "We can" party founded in January 2014，Members are mainly university faculty、Left -wing social activist，For example、"Anti -Capitalist Left Wing" (IA) party member，members of other social movements, etc.。"We can" party，Get 8%of the votes in the European election in May of the same year，and get 5 parliamentary seats in the European parliament。2016 Spanish Election，"We can" party and "United Left Wing"、The Green Party Election Alliance，National votes that have obtained more than 21.2%become the third largest party of parliament，Breaking the balancing of traditional Spanish political power。"We can" the party has a clear populist positioning，Emphasize Keynesian's welfare country vision，The discourse system and theoretical strategy are deeply influenced by the theory of populism and Murphy，It is the "we can" party that adheres to these claims to rise rapidly in a short period of time，threatened the traditional political pattern of Spain，This change has brought severe challenges to domestic political stability in Spain。

　　populism: European politicians' elections "desserts"

Southern European countries that are deeply trapped in the economic crisis and the quagmire of the financial crisis，Due to economic downturn、High unemployment rate、Politics disorder、People are angry, etc.，The production of the left -wing populist party、Development and growth provides real soil。Greek "Anti -Left Alliance" party and Spain "We can" party，Successfully mobilized voters disappointed with traditional mainstream parties and people who are full of fear of the future，Winning political fruits。From the perspective of Mude and Carterwase，populism is a "thinking"，It divides society into two groups with homogeneous bet365 best casino games but confrontation- "pure people" and "corrupt elites"，Politics should be the expression of the general interests of the people。La Crow thinks，populism is the political logic and discourse type that can appear in any political movement，The significant feature is the dual opposition division of the "people" and "enemy" (political elite) in the social group。Amblyeism exists in the right -wing party，Also existing in the left party party，The populism of the former advocates exclusion，while the latter has tolerance。

Greek's "Age -Wing Left Alliance" party and Spain "We can" party and other Southern European left -wing populist parties' rise and election breakthroughs，Benefits the background of the era of multiple crises in Europe，that is, economic and social disasters have caused people to lose confidence in mainstream politics and political parties; at the same time，Social mobilization and strategic selection of radical left -wing party rebel policy。In summary，It is mainly manifested in the following aspects。

　　Economic Dilemma Breeding the tendency of political population.After democratic reconstruction in the 1970s，Greece has formed a relatively stable political party system that is rushed to govern by the Pan -Greek Social Movement (PASOK) and the New Democratic Party (ND) of the middle and right wings。2009，Pan Greek Social Movement won the election，But at this time the Greek fiscal deficit and debt issues are very prominent，To avoid Greek bankruptcy，George Pantrio was forced to be with the "Three Drivers" (European Commission、European Central Bank、International Monetary Fund Organization) Sign an emergency memorandum，Implement strict tightening policy。2011 George Patterio resignation，The New Democratic Party led by Lucas Papadmo continues to implement a tightening policy，Strict fiscal discipline、The reduction of social welfare expenditures and large -scale privatization，Master the people。2008，GDP of Greece shrinks 20%，The unemployment rate has increased by 23%，Among them, the unemployment rate of young people reaches 60%。Autumn 2011，The "Square Movement" of the Greek outbreak for several months for several months。The financial crisis in 2008 also hit the Spanish economy，The Spanish government in 2012 passed the "European Stability Mechanism" to borrow 1 billion euros from the "three -driving troiders"，Government, which is in a public debt crisis, is forced to implement rigorous tightening policy。Since 2008，Spain's unemployment rate is about 17%，and July 2017，Youth's unemployment rate is as high as 39%。Long -term sluggish economic situation、The burden of tightening policy and political scandal and corruption cases，Breeding the dissatisfaction and resistance of the government for the government。May 2011，"Angry" protest movement broke out in Spain，condemning the political elite is no longer a representative of the people，Call for "real democracy"。

　　The representative and legitimacy crisis of mainstream political parties.Democratic democracy is the cornerstone of the democratic political system in Western countries，The key link is that the public exercises national power through regular election representatives。But in the real development process，Democratic system of agency system gradually evolved into a picture of "elite democracy"。The populist party continues to render the gap between the "elite" and the "public"，Questioning the representativeness and legality of mainstream politics with the division between the two，Call the people at the bottom to resist the upper elite。As far as Greek and Spanish cases are concerned，The main middle left party、The policy of the middle and right political parties is largely subject to the European Union's financial regulations，It is difficult for them to find a balance between the same interest and the requirements of the interests of voters at the same time，Can't provide effective solutions for getting out of economic and social difficulties，Can't effectively respond to the needs of the people's rebel policy。In this context，The ability of mainstream political parties to represent public opinion has been challenged by unprecedented challenges，Therefore，Election punishment from the people to varying degrees。

In Greece，frustration、Angry、Cumulative emotions Bet365 app download such as despair，In the end, the identity of the middle and lower people's political parties has changed，Lost confidence in the ruling authorities。Especially the Pan -Greek Social Movement，Lost in the first election in 2012，Election support rate drops from 43.9%in 2009 to 13.2%，The voting of the New Democratic Party in this election has also decreased by about 15%。In Spain，The Social Workers' Party lost nearly 15%of the votes in the 2011 general election，The People's Party won the election。But the People's Party, which continues to implement a tightening policy in the European election in 2014、The votes in the 2015 Spanish election also decreased sharply。2014 European Election，The votes of the Social Workers' Party and the People's Party have reached the lowest point of history。Representative crisis of mainstream political parties，Anti -wing for anti -building、The development and rise of the left -wing populist party provides political space and "window period"，Especially they can use simplified、The slogan of the anti -tightening policy of radicalism will create themselves as the spokesperson of the ordinary people。

　　The "binary" mobilization of the left party party.Whether it is Greek's "Aid Left -Wing Alliance" party，Still the "We can" party in Spain，The theoretical discourse and policy programs of political party politics clearly divide social space into two dimensions- "them" (in power) and "us" (people)，This "elite" and "Volkswagen" binary opposition，It is also an important symbol of them as a populist party。Greek's "Radible Left -Wing Alliance" party leader Ziplas frequently uses the word "people" in his speech after 2012，The party's poster propaganda in 2012 and 2015 domestic elections has also continuously aroused people's anger and dissatisfaction with the authority of the authorities' tightening policies，At the same time, it provides people with a reduction in debt burden、Re -negotiate with the creditors、Solve poverty、Alternative solution for strengthening public services。"We can" the party has a strong anti -building system、Anti -elite tendency，It becomes an important political forces that become popular against mainstream political parties and existing political systems。2014 European Election，The party proposed a rebel policy、Anti -New Liberalism、Reconstruction economy、Many policy initiatives that oppose corruption and enhance social integration。

Philk once pointed out，"Colonialism is the key element of understanding any form of populism"。Tolerant populism mostly occurs in colonial countries or regions，Such as Latin America。Southern Europe is an economic crisis、The hardest hit area for debt crisis，Geographical division of north and south，Especially the economy、Differences in the degree of social development，It is easy to lead to Greece、Spain and other countries to protest and anger to the EU led by Germany。In their opinion，The elites of Brussels and the euro zone creditors led by Germany are looking at the "poverty" countries in southern Europe as a new colonial object，Economic globalization、Regional integration、Reform of new liberalism and privatization has led to the current domestic economy、social difficulties and political crises。

From the perspective of European political parties,，The "Aid Left -Wing Alliance" party's onto and the "we can" party's rise and election breakthroughs，to a large extent encourages and inspires radical left -wing parties in other European countries，politicians like Ziplas have become the "facade responsibility" of the queen -wing in Europe。In this sense，More politicians and political parties will use this wave of investigations，To win their political elections，It is very likely to further exacerbate the turbulence and instability of the European political structure。Of course，European radical left wing this positive orientation should not be excessively estimated，After all, the successful experience of the Greek "Audit Left -Wing Alliance" party is difficult to copy in other countries and regions，Can it have a long -lasting influence，The governance performance still mainly depends on the government，Without the situation of the political structure of the political party of the European parliament,，How far can you go to the left -wing in Europe, you need to wait and see。The real Bet365 app download situation is，A radical left party in many European countries is still a domestic marginal party，And like a German left party、Dutch Socialist Party，and radical left wing in Northern Europe，Under the national conditions of the country and the overall political atmosphere of Europe，It has not obtained an obvious election bonus in the background of the current tense European multiple crisis，It cannot form a comprehensive rise of the political political party politics in the true sense。

　　(This article is the "Study on the Ideological Research of the European Audit Left Wing Political Party" (18kdc015) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Marxism College of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)