"A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023" (Chen Mengjia，Zhonghua Book Company April 2019 edition) is a "new work" that was not released to readers for more than half a century。You may be unfamiliar with this monograph on bronze ware，But mentioned Chen Mengjia's thick catalog "A Collection of Yin and Zhou Bronze Ware Looted by U.S. Imperialism" published by Chen Mengjia in 1962 (restored to its original name "A Collection of Chinese Bronze Ware Collected by the United States"，In April 2019, Zhonghua Book Company published a revised edition，Hereinafter referred to as "Meijilu")，It is a famous name in the Xia, Shang and Zhou archeology and bronze research circles。This classic catalog has been frequently cited by academic circles for a long time，In fact, it is just the "plate" part of the "A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023"。It was just because "the "Review" was too long，Deleted now，It will be published separately in the future" ("Preface to the Collection of Chinese Bronze Ware Collection in the United States")，I never thought it would last more than 60 years。

　Fortunately，The Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has kept the English manuscript of this book，In recent years，Translated by Wang Shimin invited Wang Rui and others，by Zhang Changshou、Wang Shimin repeatedly proofread the translation，"A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023" was finally "published in a single line"。

　Establishing the chronological sequence of bet365 bonus code 2023

1944，Chen Mengjia embarks on an academic journey to the United States。The main purpose of this trip is "I hope to do an overall inspection of public and private collections，Introduce this batch of materials to the academic community，Maintain the authenticity of certain artifacts at the same time、Chronology and historical significance better understood”，“In three years，Everything public or private must be identified、Measurement，Make rubbings with inscriptions、Take photos separately，And pursue its spreading process。The most important bronze items seen are more than a thousand...in order to collect these photos，I have traveled many distances，Through all the hardships，It takes a lot of words” (Preface to "A Comprehensive Record of bet365 bonus code 2023")。"Meijilu" was published in China in 1962，Introduced the fine Chinese bronzes collected in the United States to the Chinese academic community，Produced considerable academic impact，But Chen Mengjia’s conceptual understanding of the study of Chinese bronzes at that time，But it has been unknown for a long time due to historical reasons。

In 1941 before Chen Mengjia went to the United States，Rong Geng published the epoch-making research monograph on bet365 bonus code 2023 ware "A Comprehensive Examination of Shang and Zhou Yi Ware"，From the original、Discovered、Category、Era、Inscription、Pattern、Casting method、Value、Rust removal、Ink rubbing、Counterfeit、Detect forgery、Destroy、Collection、Description, etc.，The first comprehensive and systematic review of Chinese bronzes，Breaking through the millennium-old epigraphy research tradition in one fell swoop，Taking the body of bet365 bonus code 2023 as the main research object，Instead of just treating it as a carrier of inscriptions。

Chen Mengjia studied under Rong Geng in his early years，In Philology、Has considerable knowledge base in epigraphy and paleography，He also wrote "An Overview of Chinese Bronze Ware" for the publication of "Overseas Chinese Bronze Ware Catalog" in 1946。He focuses on archaeological and anthropological research methods，Keeping an eye on the key points of studying bronzes，Positioned as "If a piece of bronze is used as a standard instrument in the study of historical materials and form，First of all, its age and authenticity must be identified。In the process of dating and interpreting documents，Chronology has become a complex issue that cannot be avoided”。Therefore，For the establishment of the chronological sequence of Chinese bronzes，Becomes the research focus of "A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023"。

However，The Chinese bronzes Chen Mengjia faced were not obtained through scientific excavation，Although "every piece of bet365 bonus code 2023 does not exist in isolation，It is the time、A carrier of region and owner information。Its type、Both decorations and inscriptions are related to certain bet365 bonus code 2023 vessels (groups)"，But it is still necessary to "rely on the copperware with the exact age and place of origin as a standard to study...and then use new materials、New archaeological excavation results、New understanding in literature research and pottery、Jade、Constantly check the results of comparisons with other archaeological data such as bone products and stone tools、Total、Revised”。Therefore，After the brief introduction in Chapter 1 “Research Methods and Materials” and Chapter 2 “Brief History of Research”，The author focuses on Chapter 3 "Important Publications"、Chapter 4 "Archaeological Excavations and Discovery" and Chapter 5 "Regional Distribution" are discussed in as much detail as possible。These provide sufficient knowledge reserves and background information for subsequent research。

　Innovative bet365 bonus code 2023 Type Classification

and "Shang and Zhou Yi Ware Comprehensive Examination" mostly include old collections of the Qing Dynasty、The Chinese bronzes collected in Japan are different，Chen Mengjia saw more Chinese bronzes in the United States，The type is more complex。Workers want to do their job well，You must sharpen your tools first。Research on the classification of bronzes，He believes that "when discussing typology，It is necessary to have a set of standard terminology”。Therefore，In Chapter 6 "Terminology"，Chen Mengjia on the premise of "clarifying the meaning of each 'part' of the bet365 bonus code 2023"，Disassemble each part of the bet365 bonus code 2023 into a cover、Body、Handle part、Supporting parts and decorative accessories，And further disassemble it according to the corresponding personality characteristics，Created a strictly defined set of terms。On the basis of strict definition，According to a certain logical relationship，Dismantle the characteristics of the artifact as fully as possible。

Classification based on naming and function research，Is the premise and basis for the study of bet365 bonus code 2023 ware typology。Since the Northern Song Dynasty，According to the records of ancient scholars，Constructively named the bronzes。The "Use Shape Classification" of "A Review of Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Ware" fully takes into account the use of bet365 bonus code 2023 wares，Combining self-named and unearthed、Records from handed down documents，And try to establish contact with the pottery found in archaeological discoveries at that time，Divides ancient Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 ritual vessels into 48 categories，And named four of them。

Chen Mengjia’s typological research on Chinese bronzes，“Focus on analyzing the form changes of each type of bet365 bonus code 2023 ware during the long evolution process and the differences between different types。Under each category，First list the overall characteristics of this type of copperware，List the definitions of each type。Some types are also divided into subtypes，And list the differences between the different subtypes”。Classification of bet365 bonus code 2023 ritual vessels，"Emphasis on the historical evolution between types"，Different "types" are sorted according to Roman numerals，“Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ is divided not only based on age，Also consider changes in form”。

Take tripod as an example，Divide it into bet365 bonus code 2023 I (round tripod)、bet365 bonus code 2023 II (split crotch tripod)、bet365 bonus code 2023 III (Fang Ding)、bet365 bonus code 2023 IV (Beast Foot Cauldron)、bet365 bonus code 2023 V (vertical tripod)、bet365 bonus code 2023 VI (hemispheric belly tripod)、bet365 bonus code 2023 VII (spherical belly tripod)、bet365 bonus code 2023 VIII (empty foot tripod)、bet365 bonus code 2023 IX (Han Dynasty tripod) and other nine types。Now it seems，bet365 bonus code 2023 I、The differences between bet365 bonus code 2023 V and bet365 bonus code 2023 VI actually belong to the same "bet365 bonus code 2023" and have a morning and evening relationship。The same is true for the relationship between bet365 bonus code 2023 VII and bet365 bonus code 2023 IX，The IX bet365 bonus code 2023 is named "Han Dynasty Ding"，Also fully demonstrates its chronological and stylistic colors。

Using Roman alphabetical ordering of classification names，Faced with the problem of the coexistence relationship between "type" and "type"，The author frankly said: "A certain type of bronze will also vary depending on people's likes and dislikes and subtle differences in functions，Producing multiple different forms at the same time，The coexistence of types I and IV is an example。”But，In the context of the times，Chapter 8 "Typology" is the most innovative content in "A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023"，The first classification of Chinese bronzes，A milestone in academic history。

 Typological study of "A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023"，It helps us look back at the classification and arrangement of bronzes in "Mei Ji Lu"。As stated in the 1962 edition of "Meijilu": "This collection is organized according to the categories of objects，So A1-A117 are all tripods。In this number 117，It is divided into nine types according to its different shapes，That is, ‘Ding Yi’ to ‘Ding Jiu’，Among them, ‘Tripod 2 A28-A54’ is a split-crotch tripod，‘Ding San’ is Fang Ding。"Such a classification arrangement，It is the typological research results from "A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023"。

　Summary of the characteristics of the bet365 bonus code 2023 decoration era

Style and decoration are another important contribution of Chen Mengjia in the field of bronze research。"A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023" is no longer satisfied with a simple classification of bronze wares，Based on the grouping of unearthed artifacts、Classification of decorations and bronze vessels based on other dating or unearthed land、Type、Approximate age indicated by the inscription，Attribute the decoration of Chinese bronzes to the Shang Dynasty、Early Western Zhou Dynasty、Middle Western Zhou Dynasty、Late Western Zhou Dynasty、Spring and Autumn Period、Warring States Period、Seven historical periods including the Han Dynasty，And made a groundbreaking summary of the characteristics of bronze decoration in various historical periods。

Especially in the dating of Shang and Zhou bronzes，Comparison with the bet365 bonus code 2023 decorations of the Shang Dynasty，Chen Mengjia summarized the characteristics of the Western Zhou Dynasty style as: "(1) The Zhou Dynasty style inherited a large number of characteristics of the Shang Dynasty style；(2) The cicada pattern disappears；(3) The Taotie pattern has lost its main position；(4) Bird and dragon patterns become important，New decorative patterns are produced based on the two；(5) Ribbon decoration is used more frequently；(6) There are more pattern expressions than modeling expressions。”Therefore，The characteristics of the era of bet365 bonus code 2023 decoration have become one of the important basis for the dating of Chinese bronzes collected in "Mei Ji Lu"，“This chapter was written after the catalog was completed，We found that the stylistic arrangement of the bronzes in this chapter has little or no conflict with the dating of the 850 bronzes in the catalog。We venture to distinguish the Shang style from the early Western Zhou Dynasty bronzes，The conclusion may be conclusive”，Achieved the dialectical unity of practice and theory。

"A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023" is another masterpiece on bronze wares after "A Comprehensive Examination of Shang and Zhou Yi Ware"，The author Chen Mengjia inspected a large number of Chinese bronzes collected in the United States，Made creative contributions in typological research and decorative research on Chinese bronzes。For Chen Mengjia’s academic journey，He is discussing the King Year of the Western Zhou Dynasty，For the first time, the Western Zhou Dynasty is divided into early、中、Later three issues，And summarized the decorative characteristics of bronzes in each period。This laid a solid research foundation for his subsequent "Dating of Bronze Wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty"。As far as the research history of Chinese bronzes is concerned，"A Review of bet365 bonus code 2023" has made outstanding contributions in typological research and decorative research，Undoubtedly making it a shining pearl。

　(Author’s unit: Institute of Archeology, bet365 bonus code 2023 Academy of Social Sciences)